摘要： 近年来,有关脊髓灰质炎病毒型别的分布,各地曾有数起报道。但西安地区尚缺乏这方面的资料,因此于1962年本市流行季节,采取住院患者粪便等标本,进行病毒的分离与鉴定。用人胚肾单层细胞组织培养法,并通过Sabin氏无毒株制备的免疫血清中和试验进行鉴定。共检查患有脊髓灰质炎等病的住院患者111例(检材136份)。分离出脊髓灰质炎病毒50株,检出阳性率为45%,其中Ⅰ型18株(阳性率36%),Ⅱ型31株(阳性率62%),Ⅲ型1株(阳性率2%),此外,尚分离出19

关键词： Infectious Disease   Virus Infection   Column Chromatography   Mammary Gland   Minor Amount  

摘要： The poliovirus neutralizing antibodies of human colostrum and milk have been identified as belonging to the beta2A class of immunoglobulins. This has been done by isolating this fraction (which is the major one) of the immunoglobulins of colostrum and milk and by showing that the antibody activity was localized in it. The isolation of the beta2A globulins was performed by a combination of preparative electropnoresis of gel-filtration and DEAE column chromatography;the purity of the resulting fraction was checked by immunodiffusion against suitable antisera. The bulk of the poliovirus neutralizing antibodies in the serum of the same women, appeared to be localized in the gamma2globulins, with only minor amounts in the beta2A;it is therefore considered likely that the beta2A globulins (and antibodies) are actively secreted by the mammary gland. Since beta2A antibodies have a strong affinity for binding to the cells, it is possible that the beta2A poliovirus neutralizing antibodies of human colostrum and milk have some importance in protecting the cells of the alimentary tract of the newborn from the virus infection.

关键词： Infectious Disease   Nitrous Acid   Virus Particle   Virus Strain   Zero Order  

摘要： Nitrous acid alters buoyant density, antibody-combining capacity of D-antigen, chromatographical behaviour to aluminiumhydroxide and sensitivity to RNase at the same rate. These events follow a zero order kinetic indicating a multihit reaction. They occur sometimes after the inactivation of infectivity and indicate a sudden disruption of virus particles whereby high molecular RNA is released. Till the moment of disruption the D-antigenicity of a single virus particle as determined chromatographically is not significantly altered by nitrous acid nor the strain specific elution property of the virus strain used. Results further prove that loss of D-antigenicity during the inactivation process of poliovirus by nitrous acid is caused by a disruption of the particle structure rather than by chemical alterations of the D-antigen on otherwise intact particles.

关键词： Science   Humanities and Social Sciences   multidisciplinary  

摘要： IN several systems of animal cells in tissue culture, irradiation with either X- or gamme-rays progressively reduces the ability to produce virus (that is, the ‘capacity’) until it is between 1 and 10 per cent of the capacity of non-irradiated control cultures. The remaining capacity is less radiosensitive, so that a graph depicting residual capacity of the test population as a function of radiation dose tends to level off1–3.

关键词： Standard Deviation   Phosphate   Infectious Disease   Tube Test   Surface Structure  

摘要： A simple chromatographic tube test is described to differentiate polio-virus type 3 strains labelled with³²P on aluminiumhydroxide. There are differences between Leon 12 a₁b (and progeny after human passage) and epidemic strains 1963 (Baden-Württemberg, SW-Germany) facilitating identification of virus strains isolated after mass vaccination with Leon 12 a₁b. The marker of strain Leon 12 a₁b (50% elution at 0.05-0.06 mol. phosphate) examined in 43 strains after human passage was found to be stable even 3-4 weeks after vaccination. 24 type 3 epidemic strains isolated during 3 months, before vaccination had begun, behave differently (50% elution at 0.10-0.13 mol. phosphate). The standard deviation of single values from the median value is 10%. 18 wild strains isolated in the years 1958-1962 behave like wild strains 1963, 5 strains from 1961, however, elute at 0.21 mol. phosphate. A fourth distinct type of chromatographic behavior was found in a group of type 3 strains consisting of Leon wild strain, WFX and Lederle Fox with 50% elution at 0.02-0.03 mol. phosphate. Strains belonging to this latter group behave chromatographically inhomogeneous. Chromatography on aluminiumhydroxide with³²P-labelled virus seems to be a very convenient method to characterize poliovirus by differences in surface structures. © 1964 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS   ANTIVIRAL AGENTS   EXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDY   ISONICOTINIC ACID   POLIOVIRUS   RABBITS   SULFONIC ACIDS   VACCINIA VIRUS   VIRUS CULTIVATION  

关键词： Phenol   Infectious Disease   Large Reduction   Ribonucleic Acid   Uninfected Cell  

摘要： Using insoluble facilitators of infection with RNA, the addition of infective RNA preparations, obtained with phenol by either the extractive or monophasic method, from poliovirus of one antigenic type to inocula containing infective RNA from poliovirus of another antigenic type resulted in a large reduction in the number of plaques produced by the latter. Such "interference" was reciprocal. RNA preparations obtained from control uninfected cells were comparatively weak "interferers";and when extractions with phenol were used in obtaining such control RNA preparations, their capacity to interfere was very low. Under the same conditions, interference with intact polioviruses by poliovirus RNA preparations was small or zero. The amount of interference was markedly dependent on the order of addition of the two RNA preparations to the facilitator. Treatment of poliovirus RNA preparations with ribonuclease reduced their interfering capacity. © 1964 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Infectious Disease  

关键词： Vaccine Virus   Genetic Stability   Diploid Cell   Dextran Sulfate   Diploid Fibroblast  

摘要： The characteristics of CHAT attenuated poliovirus grown in the WI-26 strain of human diploid fibroblasts were compared with the virus strains isolated from the feces of children who had received this vaccine. Only type 1 strains were found. Only 1 out of 32 of these strains isolated 1-5 weeks after vaccination showed a partial increase in capacity to replicate at 40° (rct/40 intermediate). Eight of 158 fecal isolates showed some increase in replication at 39° (rct/39 intermediate). Testing with strain-specific antiserum prepared by immunizing rabbits with CHAT virus disclosed loss of antigenic identity in isolates from 4 out of 5 children after 4 weeks but not after 1 week of intestinal multiplication of the vaccine. A bovine serum that specifically inhibited plaque formation with the CHAT virus, yet did not affect any of 26 other type 1 strains - either attenuated or virulent - proved to be a genetically stable marker of the virus. Thirty-two of 33 fecal isolates were identified as the CHAT strain with this inhibitor. Dextran sulfate did not inhibit plaque formation with the CHAT virus in contrast to its inhibitory effect on LSc2ab virus. The nonsensitive character of CHAT to dextran sulfate was unchanged in the 11 strains of CHAT virus derived by a single human passage of the vaccine. The mean titer of CHAT virus measured in primary human tissue culture was log₁₀ 2.09 PFU less than the titer as measured in primary MKTC. Despite preparation of the vaccine in HDCS instead of in MKTC this property of CHAT, designated the H marker, was retained. Our findings point to a high degree of genetic stability of the CHAT vaccine cultivated in HDCS. © 1964 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Infectious Disease   Trypsin   Major Peak   Chymotrypsin   Ribonucleic Acid  

摘要： A procedure for titrating the capacity of poliovirus RNA preparations to interfere with plaque initiation by another poliovirus RNA was developed. Treatment of extractive poliovirus RNA preparations with deoxyribonuclease, trypsin, or chymotrypsin did not affect their interfering capacity;the previously reported decrease in interfering capacity effected by ribonuclease was confirmed and further studied. Comparisons of profiles of infectivity and interfering capacity in fractions from hydromagnesite columns revealed that, for 3x extractive infective Brunhilde RNA preparations, the major peak of interfering capacity nearly coincided with the major peak of infectivity. © 1964 Springer-Verlag.