关键词： Science   Humanities and Social Sciences   multidisciplinary  

摘要： POLIOMYELITIS vaccine is usually prepared from monkey kidney culture, and some batches of vaccine have contained simian virus 40 (SV40) which is known to be oncogenic for certain laboratory animals. Fraumeni et al.1 investigated the carcinogenicity of this virus in man after its inadvertent introduction into humans by mass immunization with contaminated poliomyelitis vaccine. They found that from 1955 to 1959 the leukaemia mortality rates/100,000 rose from 3.5 to 3.8 for children 5–9 yr old, and from 2.2 to 2.5 for children 10–14 yr old. They were uncertain of the significance of this rise, but were able to exclude SV40 as a cause of it in one group of 6–8 year olds. The oncogenic potential of parenterally administered poliomyelitis vaccine is examined here.

关键词： Science   Humanities and Social Sciences   multidisciplinary  

摘要： THE Sabin poliovirus 1 vaccine strain LSc, 2ab (ref. 1) multiplies readily at 37° C, but not at 40° C. In contrast, wild virus strain Brunhilde also replicates well at 40° C. Several investigators have postulated that the temperature sensitive mutant cannot synthesize viral RNA at an elevated temperature. We have investigated this problem and the temperature sensitivity of viral RNA polymerase. Meanwhile, Nichol and Tershak2 have obtained independently some of the results reported here.

关键词： Science   Humanities and Social Sciences   multidisciplinary  

摘要： SEVERAL reports have presented evidence that lysosomes may be involved in the “rapid degenerative type” of cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by certain viruses1–3. Although lysosomal enzymes are apparently able to cause cell damage4, neither the mechanism by which they are released nor their action on the cell during virus infection is understood. Amako and Dales5,6, working with the mengovirus-L cell system, speculated that a cytotoxic protein is synthesized under the regulation of the virus genome, which alters the permeability of the lysosomal membrane and allows the enzymes to leak out. We present here evidence that cell extracts from poliovirus-infected HEp-2 cells release twice the amount of (β-glucuronidase (a lysosomal enzyme) than the non-infected cell extract when exposed to isolated lysosomes at 37° C.

关键词： Infectious Disease   High Growth   Virus Isolate   Vaccine Strain   Replicative Capacity  

摘要： The rct-marker test was performed on 129 and 33 virus isolates collected after oral vaccination with the live WM3 and Sabin type 3 vaccines, respectively. The main deviation of the WM3 isolates from the behavior of the original vaccine strain appeared during the first week after vaccination. The viruses isolated later showed few significant changes. Compared with the type 1 “CHAT” isolates investigated earlier the deviations from the pattern of the vaccine towards an improved replicative capacity at higher temperatures generally were more marked with the type 3 strain. The mean rct-ratios of WM3 and CHAT isolates tested at 35° C and 39.2°C, however, did not diverge markedly. The Sabin type 3 isolates did display at least a 10-fold higher growth capacity at 39.2°C compared with the WM3 and CHAT isolates. If less than a 2 log10 difference between replicative capacity at 38.9°C or 39.2°C and 35°C is chosen as a criterion for the rct + character then 8 isolates out of 90 tested from 5 of 30 WM3 vaccinees displayed the rct + character at 38.9°C. No isolate out of 39 tested deriving from 13 WM3 vaccinees had the rct + character at 39.2°C, and 2 isolates from 1 vaccine out of 33 isolates tested from 10 Sabin type 3 vaccinees had the rct + character at 39.2° C. The corresponding figures of the CHAT strain isolates were 2 crt + isolates out of 144 tested.

关键词： Infectious Disease   Serum Concentration   Kinetic Curve   Kinetic Curf   Order Kinetic  

摘要： The character of the neutralization kinetic curves was investigated with sera obtained on different dates from animals during the course of immunization against poliovirus type 1. The kinetic curves with early serum not only failed to follow first order kinetics but were also markedly influenced by the initial virus concentration. In contrast, late serum provided first order kinetic curves, independent of the initial virus concentration. The slope of these curves was proportional to the serum concentration. The characteristics of early serum were demonstrable 15 days but not 23 days after the first injection of antigen.

关键词： Science   Humanities and Social Sciences   multidisciplinary  

摘要： THE inhibitory properties of 2-(α-hydroxybenzyl) benzimidazole (HBB) on the replication of poliovirus have been fully demonstrated1,2. O'Sullivan et al.3 also reported that 1,2-bis(2-benzimidazolyl) 1,2-ethanediol (I) has a selective inhibitory action on the multiplication of poliovirus. On the basis of these findings, we have synthesized, 1,2-bis(2-benzimidazolyl) 1,2-ethanediol derivatives and tested them for their anti-poliovirus effect.

关键词： Infectious Disease   Cerebrospinal Fluid   Poliovirus Type   Human Cerebrospinal Fluid   Poliomyelitic Patient  

摘要： Poliovirus type 3 was detected in cerebrospinal fluids of 4 children out of 61 poliomyelitic patients which excreted virus in faeces or pharyngeal maucous. The importance of attempts for isolating virus from the spinal fluid is stressed.

关键词： Infectious Disease