关键词： Agar   Liquid Medium   Agar Medium   Virus Particle   Solid Medium  

摘要： Strains of type 2 poliovirus, Neva (highly virulent) and Khab and Ovch (moderately virulent) differed by their characteristics of accumulation when grown in monolayer under agar. Production of the former under agar and in liquid medium did not depend on the dose of inoculum, production of the latter with small infecting doses was less under agar than in liquid medium. When gelatine was added to the agar, no reduction in the final yield of the Khab and Ovch strains was observed. A delay in accumulation of the Khab virus under agar began on the second day, reached maximum early on the third day after which it disappeared. It was more marked in acidified solid medium. In the alkaline medium there was no delay. The same relationship was observed under methylcellulose overlay.A reduction in the final yield of the Khab and Ovch strains under agar was not due to (1) direct interaction of the virus with the agar; (2) different adsorption of virus on cells from the liquid and agar media; (3) different sensitivity to virus of cells in contact for 3 days with the liquid or agar media. Ratio of infectivity of RNA to intact virus was higher in the Khab strain preparations under agar than in the Khab preparations from the liquid medium and the Neva preparations from the liquid or agar *** treatment with concentrated urea, acid buffer and sonication preparations of the Khab virus under agar gave a marked increase in the virus titer. The Khab virus grown under agar was retained in small-pore filters to a greater extent than the Neva virus grown under similar conditions. The former was also sedimented more completely at 16,000g for 60 *** is suggested that the Khab strain is present as agglomerates of virus particles in solid overlays, particularly in acid *** tests of intratypic differentiation are likely to be associated with this property of virus. Thus, differentiation between the Khab and Neva strains by sensitivity to the neutralizing effect of immune se

摘要： RICHARD *** (Children's Asthma Research Institute, Denver, Colo.): Do you have any idea how the antibody titers in your nasal fluids relate to immunoglobulin concentrations?Dr. OGRA: We are working on it at the moment. It seems that total gamma-A-immunoglobulin concentration decreases by about twofold, but it is not as constant as the drop in the specific viral *** STIEHM (UCLA Center for the Health Sciences): What is the relative contribution of the tonsillectomy and the adenoidectomy to the immune deficiency noted?Dr. OGRA: It is very hard these days to pick up children who have had isolated tonsillectomies. I do not have any information on the individual participation of tonsils and adenoids. Most of the children we studied had complete removal of tonsils as well as adenoids.

关键词： Cytopathic Effect   Metabolic Inhibitor   Infected Culture   Living Culture   Cellular Resistance  

摘要： The increased resistance to poliovirus of SV40 transformed human amnion cells compared with primary cells has been shown to involve reduced cytopathic effect (CPE), delayed and reduced production of virus, inefficiency of infectious center formation, and the failure of transformed cell monolayers to support poliovirus plaque formation. At multiplicities of exposure (plaque-forming units/ cell) less than 10, CPE was negligible in the poliovirus infected transformed cell cultures which could be maintained as living cultures yielding poliovirus up to three months. Infectious center formation at different multiplicities showed that both cell types could be infected with single infectious units, but in cultures of transformed cells, the probability of initiating infection was reduced about 25-fold. Resistance was not observed in primary amnion cultures infected with SV40 in the absence of transformation. However, cellular resistance developed as morphologic transformed cells appeared in SV40 infected cultures. Transformed cells maintained resistance when SV40 multiplication in transformed cultures was suppressed with metabolic inhibitors or eliminated by isolating virus-free clones of transformed cells in the presence of SV40 *** mechanism of the increased resistance of SV40 transformed human amnion cells to poliovirus infection involves an inefficiency in the initiation of infection. When compared to the highly susceptible untransformed primary cells, no significant differences in the adsorption, penetration or eclipse of poliovirus were demonstrated. There was no detectable interferon production in the transformed cultures either before or after poliovirus infection. Since infection with infectious poliovirus RNA bypassed resistance, it is concluded that the resistance of the SV40 transformed cells results from an inefficiency in the uncoating of poliovirus to infectious RNA.

摘要： Videbaek and Morganti & Cresseri showed that leukaemia and some forms of cancer are familially aggregated and from this it was deduced that leukaemogens must be carcinogens in that group of malignant disorders. As poliomyelitis vaccine has been shown by Fraumeni in 1963 to have a statistical association with leukaemia in some children it must also show an association with other childhood malignancies if the above deduction is correct. Investigation of children with all forms of malignancy admitted to the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney and to the Royal Brisbane Children's Hospital between January 1958 and May 1967 showed a highly significant statistical association (x2 = 12.182, P > 0.0005) between malignant disease and immunization with Salk vaccine. It is concluded that some leukaemias and other cancers in childhood may be induced by antigenic stimulation of the lymphoreticular tissue following immunization with Salk vaccine.

关键词： Infectious Disease   Water Sample   Healthy Child   Vaccine Strain   Stool Specimen  

摘要： The monkey neurovirulence of 5 strains of type 1 and 5 strains of type 3 poliovirus isolated from stool specimens of healthy children in day nurseries, and from water samples taken from several sewage purification plants during a five-year period (1964–1968) has been examined. The neurovirulence was shown to vary between that of highly neurovirulent prototype strains (Mahoney of type 1 and Saukett of type 3) and that of oral vaccine strains. The majority of the strains examined appeared to possess an “intermediate” neurovirulence. They are considered as naturally occurring “wild” polioviruses.

关键词： Calcium   Chlorides   Inactivated poliovirus vaccine   Children   Simian virus 40   Mortality   Magnesium   Propionates   Newborns  

摘要： Soon after birth, when susceptibility to carcinogens should be enhanced, a group of children received oral polio vaccine which was later found to contain significant amounts of simian virus 40. Eight years after the incident, no cancer deaths have been observed among the vaccinated children, but continued surveillance is needed before concluding that simian virus 40 is innocuous to man.

关键词： Polyribosomes   Poliovirus   Cell lines   Inoculation   Kidney cells   Protein synthesis   Interphase   Cell aggregates  

关键词： Antibody Formation   Feces/analysis   Female   gamma-Globulins/analysis   Humans   Immunoglobulin G/analysis   Infant, Newborn   Infant, Premature   Injections   Intestines/immunology   Male   Neutralization Tests   Neutralization Tests   Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated   Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral   Virus Cultivation   Virus Cultivation  

摘要： The development of poliovirus neutralizing coproantibodies was studied in 14 newborn infants following a single immunization with either live oral trivalent or parenterally administered inactivated poliovirus vaccine. Poliovirus coproantibodies, predominantly directed against poliovirus type 2, appeared in stool specimens of all orally immunized infants within 2 to 3 weeks. Oral reimmunization of one infant 47 days after the primary dose resulted in the production of coproantibody to all three types of poliovirus. In contrast, parental immunization of five infants did not stimulate fecal antibody production. IgA was the predominant, and sometimes the only, immunoglobulin detected in fecal extracts. Although stools of newborn infants usually did not contain IgA, the infants secreted fecal IgA at the time of the appearance of polio coproantibodies. Furthermore, alimentary IgA was demonstrable in the control group of older infants, even in the absence of detectable serum IgA. Our results indicate that local intestinal antigenic stimulation is a necessary requirement for the production of polio antibodies by the secretory IgA immunoglobulin system of the alimentary tract. These findings are presented as a mechanism for the alimentary immunity to homotypic poliovirus reinfection which follows oral polio immunization of natural infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

摘要： Parallel vaccinations with the WM3 and Sabin type 3 poliovirus vaccine in a boarding school did not disclose any differences between the strains as regards their infectivity and antibody stimulating capacity. Cross-wise refeeding, however, suggested that some antigenic variations might be present. The advantage of vaccination with several antigenically varying type 3 attenuated strains appears to be worth further investigation.