关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   基因   小儿麻痹病毒   肠道病毒   人工合成   RNA  

摘要： 《亚洲医学杂志》第24卷第12期(1981年)医学新闻栏报道:美国马州理工学院(MIT)的一个研究小组使用人工合成基因,在世界上首次合成了具有高传染性的脊髓灰质炎病毒。这一成功可望为生产新型的疫苗开辟途径。上述消息是在1981年11月13日的《纽约时报》中公布的。这是巴尔蒂莫尔(David Bal-

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗   神经毒力   毒力试验  

摘要： [Marsden SA et al:J Biol Stand8(4):303,1980(英文)] 猴体神经毒力试验对脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗来说,仍然是一项重要的检定项目。Ⅲ型Sabin株脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗使用历史表明,它的猴体神经毒力随病毒株在细胞培养中传代水平而增高。为了确定Sabin株Ⅰ、

关键词： 絮凝技术   阳离子   正离子   脊髓灰质炎病毒   小儿麻痹病毒   肠道病毒   玻璃纤维   人造无机纤维   环氧树脂   万能胶   环氧化物   滤器  

摘要： 过滤吸附-洗脱法是使用滤器浓缩水中低浓度病毒的最普通的方法,这种方法可检测大体积的水。但是,得到洗脱液的体积仍比较大,需要进行第二次浓缩。为此,本文评价了用来检测接种于自来水和河水中2型脊髓灰质炎病毒的两种玻璃纤维滤器和一种纤维素滤器以及用作第二次浓缩的有机絮凝技术,目的在

关键词： Virion   Proteases   Infectivity   Solutes   Poliovirus   Detergents   Urea   MODIFICATION   HeLa Cells   Capsids   Temperature   Inactivation   Synergism   Vital Signs   Pathogenicity  

摘要： Inactivation of poliovirus at subfreezing temperature in the presence of unusually low concentrations of urea (.ltoreq. 0.5 M) was investigated. Serotypes 1 and 2 are very sensitive;type 3 is resistant. Inactivation cannot be attributed to concentration of solutes since temperature must be reduced below -***. C for loss of infectivity. Characteristics of the inactivated virion are similar to those of virions in the early stages of uncoating in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, i.e., loss of infectivity, sensitivity to proteases and detergents, change in isoelectric point, retention of intact genome and, in some instances, loss of VP4. The molecular basis for inactivation is considered to be dissociation of H2O bound to capsid proteins, thereby causing irreversible denaturation of native tertiary structure. The results are discussed in terms of their relevance to the early stages of uncoating in vivo.

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   病毒株   小儿麻痹   肠道病毒感染   野病毒   疫苗   菌苗   分子变异  

摘要： [Nottay BK et al:Virology.108(2):405,1981(英文)] 作者用寡核苷酸图谱法和PAGE对临床上分离的脊髓灰质炎Ⅰ型病毒株从基因组水平及基因产物(病毒核酸及病毒蛋白)的水平上,分析研究了其分子变异的情况。

关键词： 计划免疫   预防接种   接种率   漏种   菌苗   麻疹活疫苗   初种   小儿麻痹病毒   中和抗体   免疫接种   防疫   疫苗   脊髓灰质炎病毒   疫苗接种   白喉类毒素  

摘要： 前言计划免疫早已开始了,种痘消灭天花就是一个明显的例子。扩大计划免疫是本世纪70年代正式提出来的,它是全民保健中的一个重要组成部分,受到全世界、特别是发展中国家的重视和欢迎。扩大计划免疫的目标是明确的,在本世

关键词： Antibodies, Viral   Antigen-Antibody Reactions   Cross Reactions   Hela Cells   Humans   Membrane Proteins/immunology   Peptide Fragments/immunology   Poliovirus/genetics   Protein Precursors/immunology   Viral Proteins/immunology   Virus Replication  

摘要： A synthetic heptapeptide corresponding to the C-terminal sequence of the poliovirus genome protein (VPg) was linked to bovine serum albumin and used to raise antibodies in rabbits. These antibodies precipitate not only VPg but also at least 2 more virus-specific polypeptides. The smaller polypeptide, P3-9 (12,000 daltons), was mapped by Edman degradation and by fragmentation with CNBr and determined to be the N-terminal cleavage product of polypeptide P3-1b, a precursor to the RNA polymerase. P3-9 contains the sequence of the basic protein VPg (22 amino acids) at its C terminus. P3-9 also contains a hydrophobic region of 22 amino acids preceding VPg, suggesting that P3-9 may be membrane-associated. This was confirmed by fractionation of infected human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells in the presence or absence of detergent. P3-9 may be the donor of VPg to RNA chains in the membrane-bound RNA replication complex.

关键词： Poliovirus/genetics   Poliovirus/immunology   RNA Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism   RNA Replicase/immunology   RNA Replicase/metabolism   RNA, Viral/immunology   Viral Proteins/immunology   Viral Proteins/physiology   Viral Structural Proteins   Virion/physiology   Virus Replication  

摘要： Anti-VPg antibodies inhibited host-factor-dependent RNA synthesis by the poliovirus replicase but not oligo(U)-primed synthesis, implicating VPg in the de novo initiation of replicase products. Complexes of VPg-related polypeptide and newly made RNA could be immunoprecipitated by anti-VPg antibody from the host-factor-stimulated products of the replicase reaction. The complexes appeared to be covalently linked and involved 50-150 nucleotide chains of RNA that were RNAase-T1-resistant and could be largely poly(U).

关键词： 疫苗   儿童   抗体滴度   发病率   菌苗   百日咳菌苗   小儿麻痹病毒   肠道病毒   脊髓灰质炎病毒   毒株   密切接触者   续发病例   病毒性肝炎   非甲非乙型肝炎   乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白   急性出血性结膜炎  

摘要： 呼吸道传染病流行性感冒1980～1981年流感在世界各地的流行是比较轻的。甲型流感H1N1及H3N2毒株及乙型流感毒株同时存在。甲（H3N2）型流感主要在欧洲及南半球流行,甲（H1N1）型流感在中东地区流行,而乙型流感主要在北美及苏格兰等地流行。甲型流感病毒的变异仍处于抗原飘移阶段。如甲（H3N2）型病毒由原来代表性毒株甲/得克萨斯/1/77

关键词： Amino Acid Sequence   Antibodies, Viral   Antigens, Viral   Cross Reactions   Epitopes   Peptide Fragments/immunology   Poliovirus   Protein Precursors/immunology   Viral Core Proteins   Viral Proteins/chemical synthesis   Viral Proteins/immunology  

摘要： The genome-linked protein (VPg) of poliovirus was chemically synthesized, coupled to bovine serum albumin carrier and injected into rabbits. An antibody response was elicited not only by the full-length synthetic VPg peptide but also by a synthetic 14-amino-acid carboxy-terminal peptide. All antisera reacted with virus-specific proteins form [human cervical carcinoma] HeLa cells infected with poliovirus. Three of these proteins were previously implicated as precursors of VPg. No free cytoplasmic VPg could be detected and the antibodies did not react with radiolabeled proteins from uninfected cells.