关键词：
Science
Humanities and Social Sciences
multidisciplinary
摘要：
DURING the past 30 years the structural analysis of many viruses has allowed them to be grouped according to their physico-chemical properties, thus providing a framework of classification which is valuable in taxonomy1. The techniques that have been developed during the same period for the characterization and sequencing of nucleic acids and proteins, coupled with the dissection of viruses into biologically active fragments, now allow detailed chemical analysis of these relationships and have made it possible to define biologically active sites such as those involved in virus neutralization. These advances have led to the possibility of developing vaccines based on small synthetic peptides, and a step in this direction is reported for poliovirus in this issue of *** of their relatively simple structure, the picornaviruses have proved particularly amenable to this approach. The members of this family of viruses, which includes such examples as the agents causing poliomyelitis, foot-and-mouth disease, the common cold and hepatitis A, are composed of one molecule of single-stranded RNA and 60 copies of each of four proteins. Early work on foot-and-mouth disease virus had shown that the major immunizing site(s) was located on only one of the capsid proteins, VP13-6. More recent evidence shows that the immunodominant site on other picornaviruses, such as Mengo virus6, Coxsackie B3 virus7 and poliovirus8-10, is also confined to a single protein, although Wimmer's group has indicated that other sites are present on other capsid proteins of *** even more precise location of the immunizing site(s) of foot-and-mouth disease virus has been established from work by Strohmaier12, Bittle13, Pfaff 14and their colleagues. The position of VP1 on the genome of the virus had been determined by Sangar et al.15 and the sequence of the RNA coding for it was known from molecular cloning experiments 16. This allowed Strohmaier's group to identify the positions on V
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