关键词： 抗原分析   毒株   单克隆抗体   脊髓灰质炎病毒   小儿麻痹病毒   肠道病毒  

摘要： 脊髓灰质炎病毒型内毒株间存在着一定抗原差异。过去沿用的一些脊髓灰质炎病毒型内毒株特征鉴别试验只能大致把每个型的脊髓灰质炎病毒区别为三类,即类Sabin株(SL),中间株(Ⅰ)和非类Sabin株(NSL)。这种粗略的分类有很大的局限性。所以病毒学家一直试图得到单特异性的抗血清来进行更精细的抗原分析。单克隆抗体的产生使这一愿望的实现成为可能。如能应用单克隆抗体对脊髓灰质炎病毒进行分析,进一步识别毒株间细微而重要的抗原差异,建立新的亚型划分,对脊髓灰质炎的流行病学和疫苗安全性评价,都具有重要意义。

摘要： Binding of two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (Nt-mAbs) to natural empty capsids (NEC) of poliovirus, type 1, was blocked to the extent of 83 per cent to 98 per cent by monospecific rabbit antisera directed against the structural polypeptides VP1 and VP2. Monospecific antisera against VP3 or VP4, however, did not show this blocking effect. It is therefore assumed that VP1 and VP2 are located close together at the antigenic sites for the two mAbs.

关键词： 肠道病毒感染   柯萨奇病毒   患者   脊髓   脑膜炎   临床表现   病毒病   脑   脑刺痛   脊灰病毒   埃可病毒感染   病原学   病因学  

摘要： 众所周知,脊髓灰质炎(以下简称脊灰)病毒是引起肢体麻痹的主要病因之一。自1954年 Salk 灭活疫苗及 Sabin 减毒活疫苗相继问世以来,在全世界进行了大规模的免疫,使脊灰的发病率大幅度地下降。尤其是发达国家,近10余年来几乎没有脊灰病例发生。尽管如此,脊灰仍然是全世界首要控制的疾病之一。然而,麻痹病例并非全都是由脊灰病毒引起,有一部份是由其他原因所致。此类问题以往虽有过报道,但未能引起足够的重视。因此,在麻痹症的发生率

关键词： Hela   细胞单层   细胞悬液   液氮罐   生长液   细胞培养培养基   小牛血清  

摘要： 离体细胞是培养病毒生长的重要基质。一些传代细胞对病毒敏感范围较广,被利用作病毒的分离和鉴定,其中Hela细胞是从人肿瘤组织细胞建立的,取自子宫颈癌。该传代细胞对脊髓灰质炎三型病毒、腺病毒及大多数实验室适应的Echo病毒均较敏感。选出一个既

关键词： 百日咳菌苗   脊髓灰质炎疫苗   亚历山大港   疫苗接种   地中海地区   脊健灰质炎   服务设施   常规免疫   麻疹疫苗   免疫水平  

摘要： <正> 1984年10月21～25日,在埃及亚历山大港的WHO东地中海地区办事处召开第七次扩大的免疫规划(EPI)全球顾问小组会议。以下简述小组的决定和建议。全球的现状国家免疫计划已取得显著进步。发展中国家第3剂DTP复盖率达到30%。但是缺乏免疫服务设施,发展中世界每年仍需付出预防4百万儿童死亡的费用。欲在1990年前给所有儿童提供免疫服务,必须加速免疫计划的实施。需要从国家和国际水平上采取持续

关键词： 毒株   抗原性   VAP   灰质   专家小组   疫苗株   小儿麻痹病毒   肠道病毒   脊髓灰质炎病毒   相关性  

摘要： 自从脊髓灰质炎活疫苗(OPV)问世以来,发现极少数服苗者或其接触者发生脊髓灰质炎样临床症状。从这些病人大便中分离出的脊髓灰质炎病毒,其生物学性状及抗原性均不同于野病毒,而与Sabin疫苗病毒相似,故后来将这种疾病称为疫苗相关性脊髓灰质炎(VAP)。

摘要： Naturally, acquired immunity to paralytic poliomyelitis, which is of long duration, is associated with serum antibody, immunological memory, or both. Persistence of circulating antibody is reassuring but not essential for long-term protection. Immunological memory induced by killed poliovirus vaccine is similar to that induced by infection, which is not a prerequisite for the induction of long-term immunity. Animal studies of experimental vaccines indicate that some antigenic components of poliovirus induce immunological memory without producing detectable antibody;killed poliovirus vaccine has the same effect in man. Killed vaccine containing 40, 8, and 32 D-antigen units of poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, respectively, protects all recipients in both one-dose and two-dose schedules. This means that either schedule can be chosen to fit in with local immunisation programmes and thus reduce costs and increase population coverage. © 1984.

摘要： In the period 1969-81, the CDC reported 37 cases of paralysis compatible with vaccine related poliovirus (VPV) infection in OPV recipients in the U.S.; no cases were reported in Indiana (pop. 5.5 million). From April 1982 to June 1983 we evaluated 4 children 3-24 mos of age whose neurologic abnormalities were compatible with VPV infection. All were epidemiologically unrelated residents of Indiana without symptoms suggestive of immunodeficiency. VPV infection was unsuspected prior to referral. All had OPV (1st dose in 3, 4th dose in 1) with DPT in the left anterior thigh within 30 days of symptoms, had VPV (confirmed by CDC) isolated at presentation, and had symptoms (left leg paralysis in 3, developmental regression, spasticity, and progressive fatal cerebral atrophy in 1) persisting for at least 6 mos. Immune function was normal in 2 with poliovirus type 3 infection and abnormal (hypogammaglobulinemia, combined immunodeficiency) in 2 with type 1 and type 2 infection. The incidence of observed VPV infection in Indiana OPV recipients was .058/100,000/yr, significantly greater (p = .02) than predicted. Neurologic complications among OPV recipients may: 1) Be increasing in frequency; 2) occur more frequently than estimated; 3) be incompletely reported; or 4) be more accurately detected with active surveillance.

关键词： Polioviruses.Munteacus muntjak cell line.Sister chromosome exchangs  

摘要： 脊髓灰质炎病毒的敏感细胞范围一直局限于灵长类动物细胞。用该病毒感染处理非灵长类的赤麂肺二倍体细胞(KIZ-7901),可诱导9.0—14.7%的细胞出现染色体畸变,除见有染色体或单体断裂外,还见有断片、双着丝粒、环、互换、易位和缺失等。也可引致姐妹染色单体交换率(SCE)的显著提高。脊髓灰质炎病毒感染赤麂细胞后,不产生特异的CPE,不明显影响细胞群体的增殖。应用病毒滴定、包涵体检查,间接免疫荧光试验和电镜检查,都可查见细胞内有病毒或其抗原物质存在。这提示脊髓灰质炎病毒在非灵长类的赤麂细胞内呈现非杀细胞性感染。