关键词： 消毒药(剂)   消毒   脊髓灰质炎病毒   中和剂  

摘要： 目的评价杀孢子剂、"84"消毒液、酸性苯酚盐、碱性苯酚盐对Sabin株脊髓灰质炎病毒的杀灭效果。方法采用中和剂鉴定试验鉴定消毒剂的中和剂。通过悬液定量病毒杀灭试验比较4种消毒剂对Sabin株脊髓灰质炎病毒Ⅱ型的杀灭效果。杀灭对数值>每毫升4.0 lg半数细胞培养感染量(50% cell culture infective dose,CCID50),表示达到消毒效果。结果中和剂鉴定结果表明,0.5%硫代硫酸钠可有效中和杀孢子剂和"84"消毒液的病毒杀灭作用,10%胰蛋白胨大豆肉汤培养基可有效中和酸性苯酚盐和碱性苯酚盐的病毒杀灭作用。杀孢子剂和1.0%"84"消毒液分别与病毒作用30 min,平均杀灭对数值均>4.0 lgCCID50/ml。0.5%"84"消毒液、酸性苯酚盐、碱性苯酚盐分别与病毒作用45 min,平均杀灭对数值仍<4.0 lgCCID50/ml,未达到消毒效果。结论杀孢子剂和氯含量较高的"84"消毒液对脊髓灰质炎病毒的杀灭效果远大于氯含量较低的"84"消毒液及酸性和碱性苯酚盐。

关键词： 疫苗相关脊髓灰质炎病毒   进化分析   遗传特性  

摘要： 目的分析一株疫苗相关脊髓灰质炎病毒(vaccine-related poliovirus,VRPV)云南分离株R1351/YN/CHN/2013的全基因组序列和遗传特性。方法采用RD细胞分离获得病毒,提取病毒RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增全基因组序列并测序。利用BioEdit 7.09、MEGA7.0、SimPlot3.5.1等软件对全基因序列进行分析。结果 R1351/YN/CHN/2013全基因序列由7 430个核苷酸构成,编码含2 206个氨基酸残基的多聚蛋白,5′UTR和3′UTR核苷酸长分别为742 nt和70 nt;与Sabin3疫苗株全基因核苷酸和氨基酸序列的同源性分别为99.7%和99.6%;在5′UTR的减毒位点(nt472)发生回复突变,在VP3减毒位点(nt2034)未发生改变;与Sabin3疫苗株的VP1序列比对,共发生3个碱基突变,变异率为0.33%。进化分析显示73株Ⅲ型脊髓灰质炎病毒株分为A、B和C三个分支,R1351/YN/CHN/2013属于C分支,Sabin1/2疫苗株独立形成两个分支。重组分析表明R1351/YN/CHN/2013基因组各区域并未与Sabin1/2疫苗株及其他肠道病毒发生重组。结论 R1351/YN/CHN/2013为Ⅲ型VRPV,并且在减毒位点nt472处发生了回复突变。

关键词： 二价脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗   疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒   急性弛缓性麻痹  

摘要： 目的调查内蒙古自治区1例使用二价脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)减毒活疫苗(bOPV)发生疫苗衍生脊灰病毒(VDPV)病例,评价处置效果。方法对该例急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例进行个案调查,采集病例及其密切接触者粪便标本进行脊灰病毒分离和型内鉴定;在当地开展AFP病例主动搜索、儿童脊灰疫苗接种率评价和0-4岁儿童查漏补种工作。结果该例AFP病例接种第2剂bOPV后19d发病,从粪便标本中分离到Ⅲ型脊灰病毒株,其VP1区发生11个(1.2%)核苷酸变异,鉴定为VDPV。经过采取脊灰疫苗查漏补种等控制措施后,未出现续发病例。结论该病例为Ⅲ型VDPV病例,及时采取查漏补种等措施有效地阻断了可能的VDPV循环。

关键词： 白喉-破伤风-脱细胞百日咳菌苗   脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗,灭活   疫苗,联合   免疫原性  

摘要： 目前,国内许多疫苗生产厂家都在致力于研制以白喉-破伤风-无细胞组分百日咳疫苗(diphtheria,tetanus,acelluar component pertussis vaccine,DTacP)为基础的联合疫苗,而国外不同厂家该类联合疫苗在临床试验中的免疫后抗体检测方法和保护性评判标准有较大差异。此文旨在通过比较不同DTacP-脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗的临床免疫原性结果,包括血清保护率/血清阳转率和不同方法测定的抗体几何平均滴度,为临床试验方案设计提供依据和思路。

关键词： 支原体检测   细胞敏感性监测   脊髓灰质炎病毒   RD细胞   L20B细胞  

摘要： 目的通过对黑龙江省脊髓灰质炎病毒实验室使用的L20B和RD细胞系在2014—2018年进行连续的细胞支原体和敏感性监测,并对监测结果进行分析,保障脊髓灰质炎病毒实验室检测的准确性。方法使用巢式聚合酶链反应方法检测细胞支原体污染;使用96孔微量板滴定法在两种细胞系上对3个型别的脊髓灰质炎病毒敏感性进行检测。结果监测期间两种细胞系支原体检测均为阴性,L20B细胞对3个型别的脊髓灰质炎病毒敏感性结果分别为6.78±0.23、6.82±0.11和6.79±0.21,RD细胞分别为8.17±0.27、8.13±0.34和8.13±0.28。结果均在正常范围内波动。结论 2014—2018年黑龙江省脊髓灰质炎病毒实验室所使用的两种细胞系状态稳定,对3个型别的脊髓灰质炎病毒保持高度敏感,为脊髓灰质炎病毒的分离鉴定工作提供了可靠的保障。

关键词： Enterovirus   Inactivated polio vaccine   Poliovirus   Stool   Thailand  

摘要： Global eradication of poliovirus (PV) has previously relied on the live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). However, in order to eliminate the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis, the use of OPV will soon be discontinued. Thailand has introduced inactivated polio vaccine since December 2015 and replaced trivalent with bivalent OPV since April 2016. To provide crucial surveillance data during this polio vaccine transition period, poliovirus shedding in stool was performed. A total of 7446 stool samples between 2010 and September 2018 were tested for poliovirus using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Approximately 0.44% (33/7446) of the samples tested were positive for PV. All positive specimens had more than 99% homology with the Sabin vaccine strain, based on complete VP1 nucleotide sequences. Although trivalent OPV use has been discontinued in Thailand since April 2016, PV type 2 could be detected in stool samples collected in May 2016 but has not been found afterwards. The use of bivalent OPV was able to reduce PV type 2 shedding in stools and could contribute to the reduction of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in Thai children. © 2019, Indian Virological Society.

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎疫苗   接种后   免疫原性   脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗   脊髓灰质炎野病毒   出生队列   发病风险   VAPP  

摘要： 日本1961年普及脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(oral poliovaccine,OPV)接种后,1980年以来已经没有脊髓灰质炎野病毒病例的报告。但OPV接种不可避免地会引起疫苗相关的麻瘦型脊髓灰质炎病例(vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis,VAPP)。VAPP发病风险约为4例/每百万出生队列。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   疫苗   Sabin株   Salk株   有效性   保护力  

摘要： WHO的全球脊髓灰质炎(以下简称为脊灰)倡议行动(Global Polio Eradication Initiative,GPEI)小组在2013~2018年脊髓灰质炎根除及尾声计划中,提出了在2018年实现全球无脊灰的目标,中国就此要求提出了新的脊灰疫苗免疫策略。脊灰疫苗在生产过程中进行质量控制的关键是进行D抗原含量的检测。本文综述了脊灰疫苗有效性检测方法及其效力评价,并对目前国内外的脊灰疫苗市场前景进行展望。

关键词： Adherent cells   Virus infection   Model   Oxygen uptake rate  

摘要： The production of poliovirus vaccines in adherent Vero cells in batch bioreactors usually consists of a two-step upstream process: (1) Vero cell cultivation on microcarriers and (2) poliovirus proliferation. In this study we developed a mathematical model to describe this two-step process. We introduced the calculation of the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and a correction of measurement for the sampling effect in order to ensure the high quality data sets. Besides the data of the OUR, we selected glucose concentration, Vero cell concentration and the virus titer for daily in process control to evaluate the progress of the process. With the selected data sets, the described model can accurately describe poliovirus production by Vero cells. Several other regular in process control samples (e.g. lactate concentration, ammonia concentration, and amino acids concentration) were excluded from the model, simplifying the process control analysis and minimizing labor.

关键词： Primary immune deficiency (PID)   Type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV2)   Stools   Oropharyngeal mucosa   Contact isolation   Droplet isolation  

摘要： This is the first report of persistent oropharyngeal mucosal infection with type 2 poliovirus (iVDPV2) in a primary immune deficient patient (PID) after wild type 2 poliovirus eradication. The iVDPV2 also established persistence in the gut. iVDPV2 at both loci evolved independently. Persistent oral infections present a potential risk for oral-oral as well as fecal-oral poliovirus transmission during transition to a poliovirus 2-free world. (c) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.