关键词： 污水处理工艺   柯萨奇病毒   去除效果   城市污水   脊髓灰质炎病毒   污水回用   生活污水   去除率   城市水资源   污水处理设备  

摘要： 城市水资源的紧缺,迫使人们不得不将城市污水经处理后重复利用于工业及生活杂用。由于污水中含有大量致病微生物,而污水从产出到回收利用,其时间间隔又较短(约一天)。因此,在回用污水过程中,必须密切注意由水病毒引发疾病流行的可能性。

关键词： Science   Humanities and Social Sciences   multidisciplinary  

关键词： Science   Humanities and Social Sciences   multidisciplinary  

摘要： At a recent meeting, three research groups reported the successful construction of viable intertypic chimaeras (hybrids) of poliovirus. These studies which have important implications for the design of novel vaccines for polio and related viruses are discussed.

关键词： IgA deficiency   oral poliovirus vaccination   mucosal antibodies   serum antibodies   compensation  

摘要： A nationwide vaccination campaign with oral poliovirus vaccine was organized in Finland in 1985 in order to cease an outbreak of poliomyelitis. We followed eight IgA-deficient individuals and nine controls for poliovirus excretion in feces and for antibody responses in serum and saliva. Five weeks after oral poliovirus vaccination all eight IgA-deficient individuals were still excreting polioviruses, in contrast to one of nine controls. The concentration of polioviruses, as estimated by a semiquantitative immunofluorescent assay, was generally higher and the test was significantly more often positive in the samples from the IgA-deficient individuals. Although serum levels of antibodies to poliovirus type 3 were lower in IgA-deficient individuals before vaccination, both measurements showed that the two groups had similar antibody levels 4 weeks after vaccination. IgA-deficient individuals lacked salivary IgA antibodies to poliovirus types 1 and 3 but had increased levels of IgM antipolio antibodies, which were shown to carry secretory component. We conclude that the mucosal IgM antibodies of IgA-deficient individuals eliminate polioviruses less efficiently than do the IgA antibodies of normal individuals.

关键词： Poliovirus vaccine   Rotavirus vaccine   Interference  

摘要： A vaccination trial, performed on 86 3-month-old infants, has shown that the ability of the RIT 4237 live attenuated rotavirus strain to induce seroconversion is dramatically reduced when administered with live poliovirus vaccine. In a subsequent trial performed on 93 infants the attempt to overcome the poliovirus interference by administering two doses of associated vaccines was unsuccessful. No interference by the RIT 4237 strain on live attenuated polioviruses was observed.

关键词： Aluminum   Virus   Poliovirus   Inactivation   Disinfection   Water treatment  

摘要： Metallic aluminum has been studied for possible use in conjunction with or as an alternative to conventional soluble disinfectants as applied to drinking and wastewater. Acid-washed aluminum was incubated with [35S]methionine-labeled poliovirus type 1 (LSc) and the counts per min (cpm)/plaque-forming units (pfu) ratio was determined. After 2 h, only 0.013% of the cpm remained in solution, indicating viral adsorption onto the surface of the aluminum. After 76 h, 93% of the cpm returned to solution, while infectivity dropped from 2.2 .times. 107 pfu/ml to undetectable levels. This suggests that infectious viruses were absorbed onto the aluminum surface and released from the surface of the aluminum as non-infectious particles. Analysis by electron microscopy, cesium chloride gradient and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates that either dissociation or destruction of the viral capsid proteins occurs during incubation with aluminum, which results in viral inactivation.

摘要： A subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor-4F (eIF-4F) which is a component of the protein complex which binds to the methylated cap structure at the 5′ end of most cellular mRNAs, is proteolytically cleaved in poliovirus-infected cells resulting in the shutoff of cellular protein synthesis. Poliovirus mRNA is selectively translated in infected cells, in part, because translation of the uncapped viral mRNA does not require an intact cap binding protein complex. Wild-type poliovirus also inhibits the translation of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) mRNAs in coinfected cells, however, it has been unclear whether similar mechanisms are employed by poliovirus to interfere with cellular and VSV protein synthesis. Degradation of eIF-4F appears to be an indirect function of the poliovirus-encoded protease 2A. A poliovirus mutant in 2A failed to mediate eIF-4F cleavage and selectively terminate translation of capped cellular mRNAs. Unlike wild-type poliovirus, 2A-1 does not interfere with VSV-specified protein synthesis. These results indicate that the same viral protein, 2A protease, is required not only to effectively terminate host protein synthesis, but also to interfere with expression of a heterologous virus, VSV. In addition, 2A-1 specifies a function, heretofore undescribed for poliovirus, which interferes with VSV-induced shutoff of protein synthesis.

关键词： AIDS   脊髓灰质炎   小儿麻痹   肠道病毒感染   疫苗   菌苗  

摘要： 美国南加利福尼亚大学的Pitts等进行的一项小型临床研究表明,脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗可消除AIDS症状。他们对8例AIDS患者每周注射3次疫苗,连用1年,AIDS症状完全消失。他们已就该疫苗用于治疗AIDS申请美国专利。显然,脊髓灰质炎疫苗所含的蛋白片段与T肽相似或相同,而T肽来源于AIDS病毒包膜蛋白gp120。据认为,T肽通过与AIDS病毒竞争CD4受体部位,可阻止病毒感染T细胞。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   冈比亚   小儿麻痹   肠道病毒感染   疫苗接种   轮状病毒疫苗   血清学  

摘要： 尽管口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗是成功的,但对口服与肌肉注射疫苗的相对价值仍有争议。有人报道,在发展中国家口服疫苗常不能诱导血清抗体形成。尽管冈比亚的接种率很高,1986年仍发生了一次麻痹型Ⅰ型脊髓灰质炎的爆发流行。在一项口服轮状病毒疫苗随机对照试验中,作者获得了在流行前口服或肌肉注射过3剂脊髓灰质炎疫苗的280名冈比亚婴儿的血清学资料。将这些儿童随机分为3组:口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗(Sabin疫苗)和轮状病毒疫苗组;口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗和安慰剂组;肌肉注射脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(Salk疫苗)和口服轮状病毒疫苗组。三组均在2、3和4月龄时进行免疫,

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎活疫苗糖丸   中和抗体   阳转率  

摘要： 对36名婴幼儿应用三价脊髓灰质炎活疫苗糖丸,1次/mo,连续3次,完成基础免疫1mo 后,三型血清中和抗体分别为:Ⅰ型1:532.10,Ⅱ型1:90.51,Ⅲ型322.54;三型阳转率分别为:Ⅰ型95.45%,Ⅱ型与Ⅲ型均为100%,证实免疲效果十分可靠。