关键词： 麻疹疫苗   脊髓灰质炎   小儿麻痹   肠道病毒感染   疫苗效力  

摘要： 波兰对本国常规使用的口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗和麻疹疫苗的热稳定性进行了研究,并与其他国家的疫苗进行比较。将脊髓灰质炎疫苗分别置于26、31、37和41℃。另外将疫苗反复经受-20℃冰冻及18℃融化后,滴度未见明显下降,仅减少log0.1半数组织培养感染量(TCID50)/ml。以保存于-20℃和4℃的疫苗作对照,室温26℃保存7～14天,疫苗滴度不变,以后每天降低log0.03～0.04。31℃保存2天,滴度不变,继而每天减少log0.06～0.07。37℃时,疫苗滴度每天降低log0.11。而在41℃,滴度

关键词： OPV   DTP   灰质   疫苗   菌苗   并发症   并发病   疾病   神经系统  

摘要： 本文报告1982年4月～1983年7月期间在印第安纳州4例接受口服灰质炎疫苗（OPV）婴儿发生与疫苗有关的神经系统并发症。各例开始都被误诊。第1例为1名以往健康的1岁男婴,于接受首剂百白破疫苗（DTP）与OPV后22天起出现发热、易激惹及左腿无力。入院体检仅发现左腿驰缓性瘫痪,感觉正常。脑脊液中W BL23/mm3,萄葡糖

关键词： 中和抗体   ELISA   壳蛋白   VP1   中和试验   脊髓灰质炎病毒   小儿麻痹病毒   肠道病毒   IgG   诱生  

摘要： 脊髓灰质炎病毒主要以两种抗原形式存在,即D抗原和C抗原。前者含病毒RNA,能诱发产生中和抗体;后者则否。加热可使病毒D抗原转变为C抗原。本实验将未经福尔马林灭活固定的脊髓灰质炎病毒浓缩和纯化,用SDS-PAGE制备其主要壳蛋白成分VP1,免疫动物,获得抗VP1血清,从中提纯IgG抗体。用ELISA和常规中和试验方法测定此IgG抗体与脊髓灰质炎病毒的免疫反应性。 在ELISA试验中,抗VP1IgG抗体与脊髓灰质炎病毒呈抗原抗体反应,IgG阳性反应的下限为1ng/ml。如果将抗VP1IgG预先与脊髓灰质炎病毒37℃孵育2h,再包被酶标板,则不再出现阳性反应,

关键词： Poliovirus   non-neurovirulent clone  

摘要： A clone of poliovirus type III (TRU-3) was derived from the Sabin-3 vaccine strain by the cDNA: RNA hybrid molecular cloning method. The virus recovered was found to be considerably less neurovirulent for primates than its progenitor Sabin III vaccine strain. Upon serial passages in humans, TRU-3 did not increase its neurovirulence (unlike the Sabin strain) and maintained the base sequence of the attenuated strain in a crticial part of the 5'' region of the genome (unlike the Sabin strain). The substitution of TRU-3 clone for Sabin type III in oral polio vaccine could eliminate the vast majority of cases of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis.

摘要： A clinical case of paralytic poliomyelitis with almost simultaneous isolation of two different types of poliovirus was investigated. A strain of poliovirus type 1 was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid and a type 3 strain of poliovirus was isolated from the patient's faeces. Both strains were characterised by two-dimensional oligonucleotide mapping. The type 1 virus was shown to be of wild type while the type 3 virus was shown to be vaccine-associated.

摘要： Poliovirus type 2 (PV-2) Lansing strain produces a fatal paralytic disease in mice after intracerebral injection, whereas poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) Mahoney strain causes disease only in primates. Atomic models derived from the three-dimensional crysal structure of the PV-1 Mahoney strain have been used to locate three antigenic sites on the surface of the virion. We report here the construction of type 1-type 2 chimaeric polioviruses in which antigenic site 1 from the PV-1 Mahoney strain was substituted by that of the PV-2 Lansing strain by nucleotide cassette exchange in a cloned PV-1 cDNA molecule. These chimaeras proved to have mosaic capsids with composite type 1 and type 2 antigenicity, and induced a neutralizing response against both PV-1 and PV-2 when injected into rabbits. Moreover, a six-aminoacid change in PV-1 antigenic site 1 was shown to be responsible for a remarkable host-range mutation in so far as one of the two type 1-type 2 chimaera was highly neurovirulent for mice.

关键词： Acetyltransferases/genetics   Animals   Cell Line   Cell-Free System   Cercopithecus aethiops   Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase   DNA Mutational Analysis   DNA, Recombinant   Poliovirus/genetics   Protein Biosynthesis   RNA Caps   RNA, Messenger/genetics  

摘要： The central portion (region P) of the 742-nucleotide noncoding 5'' end of poliovirus allows the RNA to initiate protein synthesis in the absence of the usual 5'' 7-methylguanosine capping group. Poliovirus 5'' noncoding region was fused to a reporter gene and transfected into cells. There was extensive augmentation of the expression of this gene by poliovirus-mediated inhibition of cap-dependent protein synthesis. That the construct initiated in a cap-independent manner was verified through in vitro experiments. Small lesions throughout region P blocked its initiation function, implying that a coherent functional unit, hundreds of nucleotides long, is responsible for cap-independent initiation by poliovirus RNA.

关键词： Animals   Antibodies, Viral/immunology   Antigens, Viral/physiology   Capsid/physiology   DNA Mutational Analysis   Mice   Nervous System Diseases/microbiology   Neutralization Tests   Neutralization Tests   Poliovirus/growth & development   Poliovirus/immunology   Poliovirus/pathogenicity   Virus Replication  

摘要： The mouse-adapted strain of poliovirus type 2 (Lansing) induces fatal poliomyelitis in mice after intracerebral inoculation, whereas mice inoculated with poliovirus type 1 (Mahoney) show no signs of disease. Previous work indicated that the adaptation to mouse virulence is associated with the viral capsid proteins and that mutations in neutralization antigenic site I of poliovirus reduce neurovirulence of the Lansing strain in mice. The role of antigenic site I in mouse neurovirulence was further explored by constructing an antigen hybrid virus. Six amino acids in antigenic site I of the Mahoney strain were replaced with a sequence specific for the Lansing strain by using a mutagenesis cartridge. The hybrid virus was neutralized by polyclonal antisera elicited by the type 1 and type 2 strains of poliovirus and by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed against antigenic site I of type 2 virus. The hybrid virus induced paralytic disease in mice, an observation demonstrating that a short sequence of amino acids in antigenic site I is an important determinant of poliovirus host range. Antigenic site I may be involved in attachment of poliovirus to cells of the mouse central nervous system.

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   提取   网织红细胞   溶解物