关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   疫苗   稳定性  

摘要： 本文阐述了影响口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗(OPV)和脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(IPV)稳定性的若干因素,包括病毒的血清型、稳定剂、pH值、疫苗分装容器以及防腐剂等.

关键词： 轮状病毒感染   早期快速诊断   斑点试验   细胞培养物   双抗体夹心法   转印   无交叉反应   粪便标本   脊髓灰质炎病毒   假阳性  

摘要： 免疫斑点试验(immunodot test,IDT)是Hawkes等于1982年在Western转印方法的基础上建立的一种新免疫学技术。本文将IDT用于检测细胞培养物和粪便中轮状病毒(RV)抗原,并与ELISA和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)作了比较研究。

摘要： Serum neutralizing, nasopharyngeal neutralizing, and IgA antibodies were determined in 123 infants immunized with one of four schedules containing live oral vaccine (OPV), inactivated vaccine (IPV), or combinations of the two trivalent poliovirus vaccines: OPV-OPV-OPV, IPV-IPV-IPV, IPV-OPV-OPV, or IPV-IPV-OPV. Nearly 100% of individuals formed serum neutralizing antibodies. The highest geometric mean titer (GMT) of antibody to polioviruses 1, 2, and 3 occurred in groups IPV-IPV-OPV, IPV-OPV-OPV, and IPV-IPV-IPV, respectively. Local neutralizing and IgA antibody responses were detected in 41%-88% and 75%-100%, respectively. Peak GMT of nasopharyngeal antibodies differed minimally between immunization groups. The data suggest that incorporation of at least one dose of IPV at the start of the immunization schedule tends to increase systemic as well as local antibody production.

摘要： After cultured cells are infected with poliovirus, cellular mRNA fails to bind to ribosomes, and synthesis of the majority of cellular proteins ceases. The defective step has been localized to the cap-dependent activity of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F. Inactivation of this factor correlates with the cleavage of its largest subunit, p220, into characteristic products observed in infected cells. This cleavage is mediated by the poliovirus protease 2Apro. Previous work suggests that 2Apro does not catalyze the reaction directly, suggesting that one or more cellular proteins is required for the degradation of p220. To identify such a protein, we have developed an assay in which cleavage of a p220 substrate in the presence of poliovirus 2Apro is dependent upon the addition of HeLa cell proteins. By using this assay, we show that another factor, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, is required for 2Apro-dependent cleavage of p220.

关键词： ALGINATE   ENCAPSULATION   ENTRAPMENT   VERO CELLS   POLIOVIRUS  

摘要： Obligatory anchorage dependant Vero cells were successfully grown in gelatinous-like macrocarriers made of calcium alginate. Entrapped single cells were immobilized within the polymerized alginate matrix divide to form large spherical clumps of cells. A cell density of 17 x 10(6) cells/ml of alginate with over 95% viability was obtained after 14 days in spinner flasks. When subjected of poliovirus type I infection, spherical masses of Vero cells progressively showed extensive cytopathic effect but remained entrapped in the alginate matrix of the macrocarriers. Virus was released into a cellular debris free-like supernatant and reached a peak titer of 10(8.0) TCID50/ml after 72 hours.

关键词： Antibodies   Diarrhea   Poliovirus   Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay   Oral poliovirus vaccines   Infants   Age groups   Poliomyelitis   Inactivated poliovirus vaccines  

摘要： Fifteen cases of type 1 paralytic poliomyelitis occurred in August 1988, mainly among young adults in the Jewish population of Israel, where vaccine coverage exceeds 90%. The military forces, as a precaution against further spread of the virus, vaccinated all recruits in late September. They received oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) simultaneously with prophylactic immune serum globulin (ISG) to protect against hepatitis A virus infection. Since it is generally not recommended to administer live vaccines simultaneously with ISG, the serologic response to OPV given at the same time as ISG was compared with the response when OPV was given alone;specimens were also available from a control group receiving ISG alone. No effect of ISG on the antibody response to OPV was found, and thus there appears to be no contraindication to giving OPV at the same time as injecting pooled ISG-particularly relevant for travelers to areas endemic for both diseases, who have to leave at short notice. Of recruits 18-19 years of age, 21% lacked antibodies to type 1 poliovirus, suggesting either a decline in antibody titers with age or a lack of vaccine potency during earlier years. After the booster, only 2% lacked type 1 antibody, and the geometric mean titer increased from 1:16 to 1:698.

关键词： Alternative splicing   Cellular receptor   Poliovirus   Secreted form  

摘要： Both genomic and complementary DNA clones encoding poliovirus receptors were isolated from genomic and complementary DNA libraries prepared from HeLa S3 cells, respectively. Nucleotide sequence analysis of these cloned DNAs revealed that the poliovirus receptor gene is .apprx. 20 kb long and contains seven introns in the coding region, and that at least four mRNA isoforms referring to the coding sequence are generated by alternative splicing and appear to encode four different molecules, that is, ***., ***., ***. ***.. The predicted amino acid sequences indicate that ***. and ***., corresponding to the previously described cDNA clones H20A and H20B, respectively, are integral membrane proteins while the other two molecules described here for the first time lack a putative transmembrane domain. Mouse cell transformants carrying ***. were permissive for poliovirus infection, but those carrying ***. were hardly permissive. In contrast to ***., ***. was not detected on the surface of the mouse cell transformants but was detected in the culture fluid by an immunological method using a monoclonal antibody against poliovirus receptor. Three types of splicing products for ***., ***. and ***. were detected by polymerase chain reactions using appropriate primers in poly(A)+ RNAs of the brain, leukocyte, liver, lung and placenta of humans;the choice of primers used did not permit detection of ***.. In situ hybridization using a cDNA fragment as a probe demonstrated that the PVR gene is located at the band q13.1 .fwdarw. q13.2 of human chromosome 19.

关键词： Poliomyelitis   Seroepidemiology   Neutralizing antibody  

摘要： In order to study the serological status of a population against poliomyelitis, neutralizing antibody for the three types of polioviruses were examined in 742 serum specimens from individuals aged from 1 to 70 years and over were collected during 1985. Sixty-two percent of the sera had antibodies (titre .gtoreq. 1:8) to all three polioviruses, while 5% had no poliovirus antibody at all. However the rates of seropositivity did vary with age: the 10-19 age group had the lowest frequency of antibody (38%) to the three viruses and the difference between the percentage of this group and the previous (1-10 years) and following ones (20-70 years and over) was highly significant. The results of this seroprevalence survey indicate a gap in immunity to poliomyelitis in the population examined.

关键词： 抗原分析单克隆抗体   脊髓灰质炎病毒  

摘要： 本文报告利用6个中和性单克隆抗体对广东省1985～1988年的59株PolioⅠ型病毒进行抗原分析。结果59株病毒共有5种不同的排列,其中以P_I—3、P_I—4和P_I—5排列的毒株占多数,分别为近年本省大陆地区和海南儋县脊髓灰质炎流行的流行株,它们之间的抗原性差异较大。