关键词： ATTENUATION   TYPE-3 POLIOVIRUS   POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION   RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS  

摘要： Production of live attenuated oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) requires rigorous neurovirulence safety testing of each vaccine lot, currently carried out in monkeys. It has been reported that a change from 472-U to 472-C in the type 3 OPV RNA is associated with an increased histologic lesion score produced upon intraspinal inoculation of the mutant virus in monkeys. We have developed a method, based on polymerase chain reaction, for measuring the relative abundance of these mutant sequences directly in vaccine preparations and used this method to evaluate the proportion of 472-C in 40 different lots of type 3 OPV. Six vaccine lots that had failed the intraspinal monkey neurovirulence test contained a higher proportion of 472-C than all other lots that had passed this test. OPV type 3 virus containing 472-C was rapidly selected during serial passages in African green monkey kidney cells that are used for manufacturing of the vaccine. We have also found that the wild-type poliovirus type 3 strain Leon/37, from which the vaccine strain was originally derived, contained a mixture of 472-U and 472-C sequences. No other mutations in OPv type 3 RNA have been detected by similar assays at position 2034, also associated with attenuation, or at several other positions reported to be altered in some vaccine preparations. Our results suggest that molecular diagnostics may provide a supplement or a potential alternative to animal testing of live attenuated vaccines.

关键词： RNA-F-SPECIFIC COLIPHAGES   POLIOVIRUS 1   ADSORPTION MECHANISMS   MICROBIAL ACTIVITY   ACIDS/ALKALIS   ISOELECTRIC POINT   MODEL VIRUSES  

摘要： The adsorption mechanism of RNA-F-specific coliphages, Q-beta, and poliovirus 1 in the activated sludge process was studied experimentally. The mechanisms of Q-beta and poliovirus associated with microbial flocs were attributable to the pH change in the system which was caused by either microbial activity during glucose uptake or the added acids/alkalis. The adsorption mechanisms of them seemed to be similar, and the only difference was the pI level of each other. In addition, Q-beta was found to be more tolerant of environmental stress than was the case for poliovirus because of Q-beta being stable for a week in a batch activated sludge reactor. By contrast, poliovirus was reduced about 0.8 log in three days in the identical reactor.

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   瑞典   小儿麻痹   肠道病毒感染   北欧   菌苗   疫苗   加强剂量  

摘要： 早在60年代,瑞典已对6岁儿童进行脊髓灰质炎疫苗加强免疫,但加强免疫的必要性与最适年龄还没有作过科学的评价,Bottiger对此作了长期研究。瑞典施行的脊髓灰质炎免疫方案,是使用脊髓灰质炎死疫苗(IPV或KPV)在16～29月龄内完成3次免疫。第3次为首次(早期)加强免疫,到6岁时再作第2次加强免疫。而在其他发达和发展中国家是从2～5月龄

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   小儿麻痹   肠道病毒感染   疫苗   菌苗   DTP-P   注射器   气泡  

摘要： 为了减少DTP-脊髓灰质炎疫苗(DTP-P)接种过程中常见的局部和全身反应,进行了各种方法的研究。某种反应被认为系明矾吸附疫苗不慎在皮下组织内沉淀所致。作者在既往研究中认为,18月龄儿童使用2.5cm针头注射DTP-P疫苗于大腿前外侧引起的局部红肿较1.6cm针头显著减少。另外,在接种DTP-P的同时及其后4小时使用扑热息痛,发热及其他全身反应也明显降低。Sako等建议注射前调换针头,Sauer及Tucker推荐在针头从肌肉内抽出之前将一个

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   小儿麻痹   肠道病毒感染   疫苗   菌苗   新生儿   儿童   Vero   细胞  

摘要： 脊髓灰质炎仍是发展中国家的一个公共卫生问题。30多年来,原代非洲绿猴肾细胞一直用于生产安全有效的口服脊髓灰质炎活疫苗(OPV),然而,合适的猴越来越难以得到,因为它们常被未知病毒感染。Vero细胞系是由非洲绿猴肾细胞建立的,具有多数传代细胞系(CCL)的有利特征,它符合目前世界卫生组织和美国食品和药物管理局关于

关键词： ENTEROVIRUS   POLIOVIRUS   RNA   WATER FILTRATION   HYBRIDIZATION   CDNA GENE PROBE   RIBOPROBE  

摘要： Poliovirus RNA was directly isolated by filtering water samples seeded with poliovirus through Sterivex-GS, 0.22-mu-m filter units (Millipore) and extracting the RNA directly out of the filter. The isolated RNA was then detected by hybridization with appropriate gene probes.

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   所有   小儿麻痹   肠道病毒感染   HIV   T4   疫苗   菌苗   细胞数  

摘要： 作者从Tel Aviv医疗中心的HIV免疫学诊所的门诊病人中挑选了20名男性同性恋者,其中3人是HIV血清阴性,其余17人为HIV血清阳性(年龄从19～50岁,平均为30岁。)所有受试者均皮下注射1.0ml脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(IPV)。于注射疫苗前和注射疫苗后4个星期采血以测定血清中的抗体水平。将前后采集的血清配成对同时做4倍稀释培养20小时进行脊髓灰质炎中和抗体试验。应用leu4、leu3、leu2的单克隆抗体对淋巴细胞进行评估,并通过血细胞计数进行分析。用植物血凝素(PHA)、美洲商陆

关键词： 埃可病毒   血清学检查   未定型   减毒活疫苗   灰质   柯萨奇病毒   病毒分离  

摘要： 自60年代以来,随着我国普遍开展脊髓灰质炎(灰质炎)减毒活疫苗糖丸的应用后,灰质炎的发病率明显下降,而其它病毒引起的类灰质炎样瘫痪相对增多。本文收集我院1984～1987年临床诊断灰质炎,通过大便病毒分离和血清学检查,证实为非灰质炎病毒所致瘫痪者10例。一般资料男6例,女4例。1～5岁8例,5岁以上2例。发病季节1～2月4例,8月3例,10～12月3例。城市2例,区乡8例。本组均无灰质炎明显接触史。服Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型灰质炎减毒活疫苗糖丸2例,服Ⅰ型4例,服Ⅱ型1例,服Ⅱ、Ⅲ型1例,未服灰质炎糖丸2例。

关键词： 编者   病毒性疾病   病毒病   传染病   艾滋病病毒   人类免疫缺陷病病毒   脊髓灰质炎病毒   小儿麻痹病毒   肠道病毒  

摘要： 病毒学研究无疑促进了整个生物学的进展,从这个意义上说,病毒学是一门基础学科。但是,病毒学研究的另一个或许更为重要的目标是控制病毒性疾病,这从四五十年代对脊髓灰质炎病毒和八十年代对艾滋病病毒的大量研究工作中可以得到证明。本学报刊登的大多数文章偏重于基础(包括应用基础)研究,但从1986年起,我们接受了许多编委的意见开辟了

关键词： ELISA   抗体滴度   IgG  

摘要： 我们试用ELISA,检测脊髓灰质炎(Polio)疫苗免疫后2～3年幼儿的Polio-IgG抗体,并与