关键词： 免疫原性   毒力   豚鼠   毒性   荷兰猪   arildone   福尔马林   防腐剂   肠道病毒   脊髓灰质炎病毒   小儿麻痹病毒  

摘要： 为避免脊髓灰质炎活疫苗引起的麻痹型脊髓灰质炎,免疫缺陷或接受免疫抑制剂治疗的儿童最好使用灭活疫苗。作者研究了抗病毒剂arildone(4-6-2-氯-4-甲氧苯酚己基-3,5-庚二酮)在福尔马林处理过程中,对Sabin株和毒力株D抗原的稳定作用和对Sabin株免疫原性的增强作用。作者采用凝胶扩散试验和等密度离心法测定Sabin株和有毒株的D抗原含量。用豚鼠测定灭活病毒的免疫原性效力,结果以抗原消失限定值(AELV)表示。将Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型脊髓灰质炎病毒Sabin株以及毒力株(I型Mahoney和Brunhilde株,Ⅱ型MEF-1和LB株,

关键词： 碱性磷酸酶   IgG   快速诊断   细胞化学染色法   病毒感染   单纯疤疹病毒   脊髓灰质炎病毒   小儿麻痹病毒   肠道病毒   病毒抗原   腺病毒  

摘要： 本文研究用碱性磷酸酶免疫细胞化学染色法快速诊断细胞培养中的病毒。抗原经相应的抗体处理,加碱性磷酸酶标记的抗血清进行孵育,在重氮盐坚牢蓝存在下,经萘酚盐处理,酶的部位呈蓝色沉淀,即酶标染色。本法在病毒感染检测中很有价值,可用于快速诊断。

关键词： 疫苗毒株   周围   肠道病毒   海水   野毒株   脊髓灰质炎   小儿麻痹  

摘要： 近几年来,在西班牙巴塞罗纳进行了沿海城市污水排放对海水污染程度的研究。病毒是海水的一个潜在污染物,水病毒可对人类健康构成威胁。肠道病毒在水中的存活时间比细菌长,故对粪便细菌常规检查不足以评价病毒污染。一项观察大规模接种脊髓灰质炎疫苗对周围海水中出现疫苗病毒株的影响的研究结果表明,人口稠密的巴塞罗纳城北郊区(巴达罗纳)海滨水域中分离出的病毒株发生性质改变,与野毒株(11%)或其他肠道病毒(22%)相比,疫苗毒株的相对比例(67%)增高。这种改变应予以重视。与其他

关键词： 免疫接种   抗体应答   排毒   咽拭子标本   粪便标本   显示类   儿童免疫   病毒分离   三价   抗体滴度  

摘要： <正> 为了阻止脊髓灰质炎的爆发流行,1985年2～3月芬兰组织了一次全国性的三价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗(OPV)的免疫接种运动。本次研究的健康儿童组,已于1984年11月接种过一剂脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(IPV)。作者报道了这部分儿童排毒和抗体应答情况及两者之间的关系。 138份粪便标本中有88份分离出1种或1种以上的脊髓灰质炎病毒株。Ⅲ型病毒除2株外,皆显示类Sabin株抗原特征。106份咽拭子标本中只有1份病毒分离试验阳性。该阳性儿童在4个月前脊髓灰质炎流行期间也

关键词： Animals   Base Sequence   Cell Line   Codon   Gene Amplification   Genetic Techniques   Genetic Vectors   Haplorhini   Mutation   Poliovirus/genetics   RNA, Transfer/genetics   Suppression, Genetic   Temperature   Transfection  

摘要： We describe a general protocol for controlled gene amplification, which allows conditional expression of high levels of amber suppressor activity in monkey kidney cells, and we demonstrate its use in the genetic analysis of animal viruses by the generation and propagation of the first nonsense mutant of poliovirus. A human amber suppressor tRNASer gene linked to the SV40 origin of replication and a second DNA carrying a temperature-sensitive SV40 large T antigen gene were cotransfected into monkey cells. Cell lines having stably integrated the DNAs were isolated. Shifting the cells from the nonpermissive temperature to a lower permissive temperature caused the amplification of the suppressor tRNA gene, which resulted in suppression efficiencies at amber codons of 50%-70%, as measured by suppression of an amber codon in the E coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. A mutant of poliovirus, in which a serine codon in the replicase gene was converted to an amber codon, was efficiently propagated on the suppressor-positive cell lines. The mutant virus reverted to wild-type by a single base change to a serine codon at a frequency of approximately 2.5 .times. 10-6, surprisingly low for a RNA genome.

摘要： During Phase I of this study 39 males, 20-43 years of age with a history of previous polio immunization, were screened for antibody to poliovirus. 49% (19/39) had no detectable neutralizing antibody to at least 1 of the 3 poliovirus types at ≥ 1:8 and 31% (12/39) were negative at ≥ 1;4. 12 subjects seropositive at ≥ 1;4 received either 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 ml of a highly potent inactivated poliovaccine manufactured from Sabin-strain attenuated poliovirus with D antigen content of 40:25:70 units/ml for types 1, 2 and 3 poliovirus respectively. Approximately 6 months later, 9 subjects previously identified as seronegative to at least 1 type of poliovirus despite a history of adequate polio vaccination, entered Phase II of this study. These subjects received 0.5 ml of the Sabin-strain IPV and had antibody determinations at 2, 4, 7 and 30 days post vaccination. In the first trial this vaccine was safe and highly immunogenic (see Table). All seronegative Phase II subjects also responded to the vaccine. The immune status of these individuals with waning antibody continues to be of concern, particularly in view of the recent outbreak of polio in Finland.

关键词： 儿童免疫   疫苗生产   免疫成功率   疫苗质量   传染病流行   百白破混合制剂   脊髓灰质炎疫苗   供应渠道   冻干卡介苗   麻疹疫苗  

摘要： 计划免疫的首要任务之一就是要使安全有效的疫苗适时地应用于易感人群。如欲使易感人群达到较高的接种率和免疫成功率,疫苗所针对的传染病流行就可能被控制。要提高接种率需适时地满足供应疫苗。

关键词： Purification   Substrate Specificity   Viral Proteins   Poliovirus   virus infectivity   Protamines   Proteins   PHOSPHONATION   Protein Kinases   Kinase   Divalent Cations  

摘要： Highly purified virulent poliovirus preparations harbour an endogenous protein kinase. Enzyme activity increases significantly upon purification of infectious virus particles from infected HeLa cells. Enzyme activity is stimulated by divalent cations. The substrate specificity and the degree of stimulation of the kinase are dependent on the nature of the divalent cations included in the assay. The preferred substrates for this kinase are the viral capsid proteins. Exogenously added proteins such as .alpha.-casein, phosvitin and protamine are also phosphorylated by the kinase. Moreover, these proteins enhance the phosphorylation of viral proteins. In the presence of Mg++ VP 2 and VP 0 are highly phosphorylated, while in the presence of Zn++ only VP 2 and VP 4, but not VP 0 or exogenous proteins are phosphorylated. Polivirus associated protein kinase exhibits optimal activity at pH 7.9 in the presence of 10 mM Mg++. The Km for ATP is shown to be 40 .mu.M. By testing different nucleotides as phophate donors a specificity of the phosphorylation reaction for ATP is demonstrated. Phosphoamino acid analysis of hydrolysates of the substrates phosphorylated in the presence of Mg++ by thin layer electrochromatography and HPLC yielded phosphoserine and phosphothreonine from viral capsid proteins while hydrolysates of protamine yield only phosphoserine. Destabilization of the viral capsid, e.g. by preincubation at ***. C for 20 minutes results in a stimulation of kinase activity. Moreover, phosphorylation of the poliovirus capsid proteins itself results in destabilization of the viral capsid. These findings suggest that phosphorylation of the viral coat proteins triggers or enhances the uncoating of poliovirus leading to the release of viral RNA.

关键词： 肠道病毒   林业   黑龙江省   脊髓灰质炎病毒   小儿麻痹病毒   病毒分离   哈尔滨市第一医院   哈尔滨市儿童医院  

摘要： 污水中的病毒,来自人体的粪便借水排入污水中。病毒在污水中不增殖,多数在自然情况下不活化,但在适宜的环境中保持感染性,并可长期在污水中生存,为人类病毒性疾患的潜在威胁。为了探索医院污水在肠道病毒疾病传播中流行病学意义,我们自1982—1984年期间采集医院污水进行肠道病毒直接分离。