关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   病毒滴度   病毒滴定   感染单位   感染滴度   可信限   制造单位   三价   不大于  

摘要： 鉴于发表于第37次委员会的1986年增订(见WHO ***.760.1987,附件8, 165-166页),存在有误解的可能性,由此,该增订以下述代之。涉及页数见 WHO TRS. NO. 687,1983. 概述(原文113页)

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   减毒活疫苗   免疫效果  

摘要： 连云港市自1986年起按全国儿童免疫程序规定对月龄满2个月的婴儿进行三价脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗的免疫,为了解儿童对三价脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗的免疫应答情况,于1987年用微量板细胞中和试验检测227名八个月龄的幼儿(即全免后4个月)的脊髓灰质炎血清中和抗体滴度,以评价血清免疫学效果,现将结果报告如下。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   抗原表位   单克隆抗体  

摘要： 用间接免疫荧光与中和试验筛选出来的抗脊髓灰质炎2型与3型不同毒株的12个单克隆抗体,其中3个仅有免疫荧光活性,9个具有中和与免疫荧光活性。用免疫荧光活性的单克隆抗体进行试验,发现它们在识别特异性抗原表位方面与中和性单克隆抗体相似,显示出株特异的、几个毒株共同特异的或型特异的抗原表位。根据表位分布关系及特征,可以用来鉴别型内毒株的特征、毒株的抗原分析、抗原变异的研究以及疫苗相关病例的鉴别。所得结果与中和性单克抗隆抗体及T1-寡核苷酸指纹图谱分析一致。而免疫荧光单克隆抗体识别抗原表位的活性范围比中和性单克隆抗体更广。另外还发现某些兼有荧光与中和两活性的同一个单克隆抗体,用不同方法(IF与NT)进行试验时,与相同毒株出现不同表位反应,这点是值得引起注意需待进一步证实的重要问题。

关键词： Science   Humanities and Social Sciences   multidisciplinary  

摘要： THE Sabin type 1 vaccine strain of poliovirus is probably the safest and most successful live-attenuated vaccine virus used in humans. Its widespread use since the early 1960s has contributed significantly to the virtual eradication of poliomyelitis in developed countries. We have reported previously the construction of an intertypic antigen chimaera of poliovirus, based on the Sabin 1 strain, and proposed that this virus could be modified to express on its surface antigenic determinants from other pathogens1. We describe here the construction and characterization of a poliovirus antigen chimaera containing an epitope from the transmembrane glycoprotein (gp41) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In antibody absorption experiments, the virus chimaera inhibited neutralization of HIV-1 by antipeptide monoclonal antibodies specific for the gp41 epitope and significantly reduced the group specific neutralizing activity of HIV-1-positive human sera. Rabbit antisera raised by subcutaneous injection of the polio/HIV chimaera in adjuvant was shown to be specific for HIV-1 gp41 in peptide-binding assays and by western blotting. Moreover, the antisera neutralized a wide range of American and African HIV-1 isolates and also inhibited virus-induced cell fusion. Monoclonal antibodies against the HIV-1 derived regions of the chimaera also neutralized HIV-1. These results establish the potential of using poliovirus for the presentation of foreign antigens and suggest that Sabin 1 poliovirus/HIV chimaeras could offer an approach to the development of ah HIV vaccine.

关键词： WHO   脊灰疫苗   免疫接种   疫苗株   单价疫苗   危险性评价   基础免疫   报告资料   活疫苗   协作研究  

摘要： 为获得可能与使用口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗(OPV有关的危险性和采取措施降低这种危险性的资料。WHO于1969年组织了一项协作研究。最初五年和十年的研究结果以前已作报道,本文报告 1980～84年的结果。有13个国家为最后五年提供了关于麻痹型病例及免疫接种的资料。

关键词： Septic tank effluent   dairy animal waste slurry   mixed wastes   land disposal   human enteric viruses   viral inactivation   alternative wastewater disposal   public health   U.S.A.  

摘要： Mixing septic tank effluent with stored animal waste for discharge to land has been proposed as an alternative on-site sewage treatment and disposal method. Potential hazards to public health include parasites, bacteria, and viruses. The inactivation of a human enteric virus (poliovirus 1) was studied in a laboratory model simulating the storage of septic tank effluent combined with dairy animal waste. D values (times for 90% reduction of titer) at 5, 15 and 25°C for inoculated poliovirus 1 were 102, 71 and 22 days in phosphate-buffered saline; 80, 72 and 19 days in septic tank effluent; and 19, 20 and 17 days for septic tank effluent mixed with dairy manure slurry. Temperature and the mixed waste treatment appear to be the dominant factors in viral inactivation in these experiments.

关键词： Oral poliovirus vaccines   Poliovirus   Inactivated poliovirus vaccines   Virions   Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay   Antibody response   Neutralizing antibodies  

摘要： By using immunoblotting, neutralization, and ELISA, the development of secretory antibody responses to poliovirus type 3 virion proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3) and to intact or trypsin-treated poliovirus type 3 was studied in the nasopharyngeal secretions in groups of infants after immunization with live attenuated poliovirus vaccine (OPV), enhanced potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV-EP), or after combined vaccination with IPV-EP followed by OPV. After three doses of vaccine, infants in all vaccine groups developed similar secretory IgA response to VP1 and VP2. The antibody response to VP3 was observed in 76.5% of subjects immunized with OPV alone and in .apprx. 60% of those immunized with IPV-EP followed by OPV. However, only 13% of those immunized with IPV-EP alone exhibited VP3-specific antibody response. Significant differences in poliovirus type 3 specific antibody activity were observed between OPV an IPV-EP immunized subjects when trypsin-treated poliovirus was used as the antigen for neutralization or for ELISA in vitro. The neutralizing antibody ativity against cleaved virus was significantly higher than against whole virus in the OPV vaccinated subjects. Both neutralizing and ELISA antibody activity against cleaved virus was significantly lower than against the whole virus in IPV-EP immunized subjects.

摘要： The three-dimensional structure of the Sabin strain of type 3 poliovirus has been determined at 2.4 .ANG. resolution. Significant structural differences with the Mahoney strain of type 1 poliovirus are confined to loops and terminal extensions of the capsid proteins, occur in all of the major antigenic sites of the virion and typically involve insertions, deletions or the replacement of prolines. Several newly identified components of the structure participate in assembly-dependent interactions which are relevant to the biologically important processes of viral assembly and uncoating. These include two sites of lipid substitution, two putative nucleotides and a beta sheet formed by the N-termini of capsid proteins VP4 and VP1. The structure provides an explanation for the temperature sensitive phenotype of the P3/Sabin strain. Amino acids that regulate temperature sensitivity in type 3 poliovirus are located in the interfaces between promoters, in the binding site for a lipid substituent and in an assembly-dependent extended beta sheet that stabilizes the association of pentamers. Several lines of evidence indicate that these structural components also control conformational transitions at various stages of the viral life cycle.

关键词： Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/epidemiology   Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/etiology   Abnormalities, Multiple/chemically induced   Adult   Disease Outbreaks   Drug Evaluation   Female   Finland   Humans   Infant, Newborn   Poliomyelitis/prevention & control   Poliomyelitis/prevention & control   Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/adverse effects   Pregnancy   Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control   Vaccination/adverse effects  

摘要： In February, 1985, mass vaccination with live oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) was started during a poliomyelitis outbreak in Finland. Pregnant women were advised to take the vaccination. Judged as the rate of reported malformations, OPV during early pregnancy had no harmful effects on fetal development.

关键词： 免疫接种率   冷链系统   脊髓灰质炎疫苗   麻疹疫苗   混合制剂   冷链装备   基础免疫   疫苗接种率   白百破三联疫苗   冷链运转  

摘要： 为实现我国卫生部提出的1988年以省为单位儿童免疫接种率达到85%,1990年以县为单位儿童免疫接种率达到85%的目标,1987年5月河北省对灵寿等12个县(区)的计划免疫接种率及其影响因素进行了调查,现将结果介绍如下。一、调查内容及方法(一)调查内容麻疹疫苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗、白百破混合制剂和卡介苗的接种率,相应四种传染病的发病率以及影响接种率的有关因素。