关键词： 乙型肝炎疫苗   疫苗候选株   百日咳毒素   轮状病毒疫苗   生物制品   脊髓灰质炎病毒   小儿麻痹病毒   肠道病毒   脑膜炎球菌   免疫缺陷症   破伤风类毒素   国外医学   分类索引  

关键词： 冷链运转   质量   冷藏包   疫苗   菌苗   接种点  

摘要： 为了解脊髓灰质炎活疫苗在冷链运转过程中的质量,评价冷链系统效果,我们于1988年7月,在疫苗的保存、运输直至现场接种过程中,分别在市、乡、接种点及运输途中分层抽样,每层随机抽取同一批号的疫苗10粒。抽取的样品置于-20℃冰箱暂存,进行疫苗质量测定。

关键词： 轮状病毒疫苗   脊髓灰质炎   小儿麻痹   肠道病毒感染   恒河猴   猕猴  

摘要： 如果将轮状病毒疫苗纳入儿童期常规免疫接种计划,并且在不干扰对其他疫苗〔主要是口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗(OPV)〕的免疫应答的情况下,可使儿童有效地接种该疫苗.本文报道了同时服用恒河猴轮状病毒疫苗(RRV)和OPV的结果.

关键词： 艾滋病疫苗   黑猩猩   国际会议   照射处理   脊髓灰质炎疫苗   免疫反应   预防感染   化学物质   实验性   科学研究所  

摘要： 圣地亚哥Salk生物科学研究所的Jonas Salk在第五届艾滋病(AIDS)国际会议上介绍了艾滋病疫苗。此疫苗虽为早期初步的,但令人鼓舞,感染HIV的黑猩猩和人的试验结果,不同于绝大多数实验性AIDS疫苗。过去的疫苗是用小量HIV触发一种保护性免疫反应,Salk的疫苗含有经化学物质和照射处理的完整灭活AIDS病毒。Salk用同样方法在50年代制造了第一种面向市场的抗脊髓灰质炎疫苗。其它试验性AIDS疫苗利用HIV病毒外壳的蛋白质来刺激免疫,经化学照射处理的Salk疫苗分解这种外壳。这种疫苗看来还可消除来自黑猩猩的HIV,提示它不仅可以预防感染,

关键词： Poliovirus   Genome   Capsid   Insertion mutants   Oligopeptide   cDNA mutagenesis   Genetic stability   Attenuated vaccines  

摘要： The genetic stability of poliovirus mutants which carry a foreign oligopeptide on the surface of their capsid was studied (1) upon mutant isolation, (2) after serially diluted passages in cell cultures, and (3) in persistently infected cultures which have been recently developed. Viruses having a 3-codon insertion within the VP1 capsid protein-encoding region appeared to be extremely stable, except in the specific case of persistent infection. Viruses having a 6-codon insertion were slightly less stable. Point mutations and one recombination event were observed as soon as viruses were recovered and studied following plasmid transfection. Additional point mutations appeared within the insertion after 12 serially diluted passages in monkey kidney cells. Under all test conditions, the foreign insertion was never deleted from the virus genome.

关键词： 血清学监测   脊髓灰质炎   糖丸疫苗   推广使用   儿童   六十年代   疑似病例   脊灰   监测方法   计划免疫门诊  

摘要： 自六十年代推广使用脊髓灰质炎(以下简称脊灰)糖丸疫苗以来,不少县(市)、区已连续几年至十几年无病例发生。但近几年,一些县(市)、区单位仍有散在疑似病例发生。我们从1986年连续3年进行了计免门诊脊灰糖丸疫苗回滴和0岁组儿童血清学监测工作。 1 监测方法 1.1 血清学监测 1.1.1 对象对我市辖县(市)。

关键词： Type 2 poliovirus   Mice   Molecular pathogenesis  

摘要： Lansing strain of poliovirus type 2 (PV-2) produces a fatal paralytic disease in mice after intracerebral inoculation. To identify virus-containing nerve cells in poliovirus-infected mice, we developed a technique of in situ hybridization for viral RNA with a poliovirus-specific riboprobe. Large numbers of genomes were found in motoneurons and their processes, as well as in ghosts of neurons with or without inflammatory cells. This indicates that the death of motoneurons is due to a direct effect of viral replication. The presence of viral RNA in neuronal processes suggests an axonal dissemination of poliovirus within the central nervous system (CNS). Detection of viral genomes in small cells located in anterior and in posterior horns shows that motoneurons are not the only cells susceptible to poliovirus in the CNS. To see if PV-2/Lansing still exists in nature, PV-2 isolated from the CNS and from the gut of two human cases of paralytic poliomyelitis were characterized by determining epitope maps and phenotypic markers and by sequencing regions of the genome coding for antigenic sites and the 5'' non-coding region. Comparison of virus isolated from the intestine and from the CNS of the same subject revealed a high degree of homology, suggesting that virus isolated from the gut is representative of virus in the neuronal lesions. The isolate from a case had more homology to PV-2/Lansing, whereas the other isolate showed more homology to PV-2/Sabin. These results show that, depsite intensive vaccination with oral polio vaccine for 25 years, wild PV-2/Lansing-like viruses, pathogenic for mice, still circulate in nature and induce human paralytic cases.

摘要： Mutations were introduced by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis into the cDNA of poliovirus type 1 (Mahoney) in the region coding for the first five amino acids (myristoylation signal) of the viral capsid protein precursor P1. The cDNAs were then transcribed in vitro and the properties of the transcripts carrying the mutations studied in vitro by translation in a reticulocyte lysate or in vivo upon transfection of primate cells. Mutation of amino acid residue number 5 (Ser5 .fwdarw. Thr) did not affect the viral phenotype, whereas mutations of residues number 1 (Gly1 .fwdarw. Arg), 2 (Ala2 .fwdarw. Pro) or 5 (Ser5 .fwdarw. Pro) prevented myristoylation of P1 and were lethal. However, delayed production of virus was occasionally observed as the result of reverse mutations, which were found to restore a functional myristoylation signal as well as a wild-type virus phenotype. Thus, the myristoylation signal of the poliovirus polyprotein can accommodate Ala, Ser, Thr or Leu residues at position 2 and Ser, Thr or Ala residues at position 5. Mutations that altered myristoylation fo P1 and affected virus viability did not prevent replication of the viral RNA but severely impeded in vitro processing of P1. This suggests that myristoylation plays a role in poliovirus capsid protein assembly.

关键词： 速成单层法病毒空斑技术   脊髓灰质炎病毒   实验条件  

摘要： 速成单层法病毒空斑技术是一种新的病毒空斑技术。本文以脊髓灰质炎病毒Ⅰ型（PV Ⅰ）Mahoney株为代表,探讨速成单层法病毒空斑技术的实验条件。结果表明,选用HeLa细胞、以0.02％EDTA消化、加含20％小牛血清的营养液制成细胞悬液,用国产16孔组织培养板、每孔加细胞4×10⁵/0.4ml,置CO₂培养箱吸附贴壁60～90min,并取国产琼脂糖作覆盖物凝胶是速成单层法PV Ⅰ空斑滴定的较佳条件,这对其它病毒-细胞系统的速成单层法空斑试验也具较大的参考价值。

关键词： 疫苗株   脊髓灰质炎病毒   免疫原性   痘苗病毒   神经毒   病毒基因组   疟疾疫苗   亚单位   融合蛋白   重组疫苗  

摘要： 892272 脊髓灰质炎病毒2型的抗原位点基因移到1型外壳上产生小鼠神经毒嵌合病毒[英]/Martin,A.…//EMBO J.-1988,7(9).-2839～2847[译自DBA,1988,7 (24),88-11785]