关键词： 嵌合体   免疫原性   HIV-1   中和活性   脊髓灰质炎病毒   小儿麻痹病毒   肠道病毒   抗体   诱生  

摘要： 1型人类免疫缺陷症病毒(HIV-1)包膜蛋白(env)具有广泛的序列异质性和抗原变异性,也存在着抗原性保守位点.理想的疫苗应含有此保守位点,以便诱生能与许多病毒分离株起反应的抗体.作者选用HIV-1跨膜糖蛋白gp41(组特异性抗原决定簇),以Ⅰ型脊髓灰质炎病毒Sabin疫苗株为表达载体(pCASl),用DNA重组技术构建成脊髓灰质炎病毒/HIV-1抗原嵌合体Sl/env/3.

关键词： 硝化纤维   固相   酶免疫测定   酶联免疫吸附   粪便悬液   小儿麻痹病毒   肠道病毒   脊髓灰质炎病毒  

摘要： 酶免疫测定或放射免疫测定技术已用于临床标本中肠道病毒和柯萨奇病毒的直接测定,但对检测粪便标本中脊髓灰质炎病毒尚未找到满意的试验.作者发展了一个以硝化纤维膜作为固相,置于96孔聚苯乙烯板孔内的酶免疫测定技术,使其与配体结合能力比单纯塑料板更好,可直接检测粪便中脊髓灰质炎病毒,不需要纯化或浓缩的步骤.

摘要： We investigated fecal IgA antibody responses after oral polyvalent poliovirus vaccination. Infants were given vaccines twice with an interval of 6 weeks. Specific IgA antibodies in the feces were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and viruses were isolated in tissue cultures. We found that, after the first vaccination, antibody responses seemed to be elicited only against the serotypes of isolated viruses. After the second vaccination, however, antibodies were detected to all three serotypes with higher titers, suggesting that the first vaccination induced the immunologic memory. The IgA antibodies had virus-neutralizing activity, and existed in the feces as both intact 11S and fragmented 4S molecules. Next, children were given the third vaccination 3 or 9 years later. Fecal IgA antibody responses were found to be poorer in elder children, while they responded with high serum neutralization titers. The secretory IgA memory seemed to last much shorter than the serum IgG memory.

关键词： 粪大肠菌群   肠道病毒   噬菌体   原污水   原排水   卫生微生物学   卫生细菌学   医学微生物学   脊髓灰质炎病毒   小儿麻痹病毒   污水厂   贾第虫病   肠鞭毛虫病   粪便污染  

摘要： 国际水污染研究与控制学会于今年4月1～6日在西德Tubingen市召开“与健康有关的水微生物学讨论会”。大会由该会水微生物学专家组长、南非Pretoria大学微生物学系的Grabow教授主持。世界卫生组织的Helmer等在大会第一篇主旨报告中指出。“尽管微量化学污染在现代科学文献和传播媒介中拥有重要地位,但从全球发病人数和死亡人数来看,对健康的戏剧性打击依然是来自水和污水中的微生物性病原体”。说明水卫生微生物学在当前全世界的现实意义。会上共发表6篇主旨报告,46篇研究报告和72

关键词： 病毒受体   鼻病毒   脊髓灰质炎病毒   小儿麻痹病毒   肠道病毒  

摘要： 科学家发现引起人类疾病病毒的人细胞受体,使预防流行性脊髓灰质炎和感冒迈进了一步。研究者希望在以后的5～10年间设计出诱使病毒颗粒不能附着于细胞表面受体的药物。 流行性脊髓灰质炎病毒受体由哥伦比亚大学的Racaniello和Mendelsohn以及纽约州立大学Wimmer等人鉴定出。Miles研究中心、哈佛医学院和西德的Boehringer Ingelheim

摘要： Incubation of polioviruses with human intestinal fluid is known to result in molecular and antigenic modification of the virion surface. Studies with different inhibitors of serine proteases suggested that trypsin in the intestinal fluid is most likely responsible for the primary cleavage of VP 1. However, minor differences could be distinguished between the final cleavage products produced by purified trypsin and intestinal fluid, respectively. Other enzymes present in intestinal fluid may thus contribute to the modification of polioviruses in vivo. No evidence was obtained a favour of any biological significance of these further modifications. Another serine protease plasmin, which is generated in the body from its ubiquitous precursor plasminogen under various physiological and pathological conditions, was also shown to be able to cleave VP 1 of polioviruses and bring about the corresponding modification of antigenic site 1. This observation extends the potential pathogenetic consequences of the host enzyme-mediated proteolytic modification of polioviruses from intestinal mucosa to most other tissues.

关键词： messengers   Translation Process   CAPS   Vero Cells   Translations   Translation   Coinfection   Poliovirus   Kunjin virus   Hats   Influenza Virus  

摘要： Infection with poliovirus effectively inhibited the translation of Vero cell messengers (carrying type 1 or type 2 caps at the 5'' end) and of influenza virus messengers (type 1 caps) in co-infections. In contrast, Kunjin virus RNA (type 1 caps) and Semliki Forest virus RNA (a togavirus, with type 0 caps) continued to be translated in the presence of co-infecting poliovirus. Translation of Kunjin virus RNA was also unaffected during co-infections with either influenza virus or Semliki Forest virus. Guanidine treatment effectively blocked poliovirus replication only, but the inhibitory effect on translation of cell messengers and influenza virus messengers was still observed, indicating that this effect was not caused by competition in translation with poliovirus messengers. It was therefore concluded that the observed inhibition was most likely caused by cleavage of the p220 subunit of the cap binding protein (CBP) complex of the cell normally required for translation of capped messengers, as reported by others. However, Kunjin virus RNA could be efficiently translated apparently in the absence of a functional CPB complex, except when its secondary structure was stabilized by hypertonic salt in the culture medium.

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   小儿麻痹   肠道病毒感染   减毒   Sabin   疫苗   菌苗  

摘要： 作者分析了SabinⅢ型脊髓灰质炎疫苗P3/利昂/12a;b株及其神经毒子代P3/利昂/37株核酸序列中10个位点突变的差异并进行了比较.作者按常规方法从P3/利昂/12a;b株和P3/利昂/37株中获得cDNA克隆,用限制性核酸内切酶切割对减毒表型重要的突变位点,经琼脂凝胶电泳和酚抽提纯化后,由T4DNA连接酶连接形成重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌JA221中,重组质粒经CsCl梯度离心

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   小儿麻痹   肠道病毒感染   婴儿腹泻   婴儿消化不良   疫苗   菌苗  

摘要： 感染性腹泻在发展国家中是导致婴儿死亡的主要原因之一.轮状病毒和其他肠道病毒在腹泻中起主要作用,但目前仍没有用于免疫婴儿的疫苗.最近公布的研究数字表明,

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   小儿麻痹   肠道病毒感染   包装  

摘要： 目前,脊髓灰质炎疫苗(糖丸)为10粒袋装,分配数量往往多于使用数,使用时常常造成浪费,而且开袋后容易散失。建议有关部门在包装疫苗时最好将每粒糖丸固定在