关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   小儿麻痹   肠道病毒感染   疫苗   菌苗   OPV   免疫学   基础医学  

摘要： 口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗(OPV)与轮状病毒疫苗联合免疫,使对轮状病毒疫苗的血清阳转率降低,这多半是由OPV病毒株在肠道产生了非特异性干扰所致。1961～1963年,智利在发生1型脊髓灰质炎流行后,由腹泻导致的死亡率明显降低。巴西对4岁以下儿童未中断过免疫接种,其病毒性腹泻所致的死亡率呈下降趋势。由此推断,OPV除了作为预防制剂的作用外,似乎还能降低病毒性腹泻的发病率和死亡率。但是非洲、亚洲及拉丁美洲的其他地区的情况则与智利和巴西不同。脊髓灰质炎病

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   脑室   小儿麻痹   肠道病毒感染   小儿麻痹病毒   肠道病毒   腹腔分流   疫苗   菌苗   OPV  

摘要： 应用活的减毒口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗(OPV)相关的神经系并发症并不多见。麻痹性脊髓灰质炎更为罕见。本文作者报道2例脑室腹腔分流婴儿因口服OPV而致无菌性脑膜炎、并从脑脊液(CSF)中分离出脊髓灰质炎病毒。从猕猴,HeP-2及人体肺成纤维细胞系作病毒分离。病毒分离采用中和法。病例1 胎龄29周早产儿,因并发脑室出血而作脑室腹腔分流。5月龄时首次口服OPV。2周后出现激惹、腹胀。腹泻和抽搐。腋温35.8℃,(升至38.5℃),呼吸54次/分。白细胞(WBC)24.6×

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   细胞   亲本   全基因   小儿麻痹病毒   肠道病毒   cDNA   病毒颗粒  

摘要： 将病毒全基因重新转化成活病毒,是病毒基因工程表达的一项基础性工作.已有实验证实,脊髓灰质炎病毒在体外将全基因导入敏感细胞后,可产生性质同亲本病毒相同的完整体.本文报道用带脊髓灰质炎病毒Ⅰ型Mahoney株cDNA质粒转化HeLa细胞后,产生完整病毒颗粒的研究结果.试验采用DEAE—Dextran介导方法,将环状质粒pSV202(带Mahoney全基因)导入HeLa细胞中,5d后细胞发生肿胀,变圆,折光性增强,产生典型细胞病理效应(CPE),所释放出的病毒颗粒经电镜检查,具有典型脊髓灰

关键词： 抗原位点   蚀斑   脊髓灰质炎病毒   小儿麻痹病毒   肠道病毒  

摘要： 脊髓灰质炎病毒有PV-1、PV-2和PV-33种血清型。每型病毒都有4个不同的中和抗原位点:N-AgⅠ、N-AgⅡ、N-AgⅢA和N-AgⅢB。本文介绍一株新的杂交病毒的产生及其抗原性和生物学特性。按Murray等建立的诱变膜技术建立杂交病毒。用转录杂交DNA的RNA感染Hela细胞导致细胞病变并产生活的杂交病毒,命名为W 1/2-1B-NII 2/2/2。把PV-1（M）中的VP;157～176位上的氨基酸序列分成3个片段,每一片段分别与PV-2（L）的相应序列进行交换,杂交病毒含完整的PV-2（L）的N-AgⅡ序列,即命名为NII 2/2/2。将杂交病毒接种家兔,NII 2/2/2可表达Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型的抗原决定簇。此杂交病毒与野生型病毒相比较,其生长效应减弱,在一步生长周期中所产生的感染NII 2/2/2只有PV-1（M）产生量的10～30%。蚀斑分析表明杂交病毒

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   GBS   小儿麻痹   肠道病毒感染   OPV   疫苗   菌苗   格林   综合征   综合病症  

摘要： 格林—巴利综合征(GBS)是一种急性多发性神经根神经炎,其发病机理至今尚未完全阐明。通常认为是由呼吸道或消化道感染、巨细胞病毒、E—B病毒等非特异性感染引起的变态反应所致。口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗(OPV)引起GBS尚未见报道。作者研究了从1981年1月1日至1986年12月31日6年间芬兰尤斯玛(Uusimaa)省的所有GBS患者。1984年8月和1985年1月间在芬兰发生了一场呈爆发性的脊髓灰质炎10例。在爆发期间,脊髓灰质炎病毒3号从大约15%的健康人试验分离出来。这

关键词： Animals   Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology   Antiviral Agents   Baculoviridae/genetics   Cell Line   Cell Membrane/metabolism   Centrifugation, Density Gradient   DNA/genetics   Genetic Vectors   Hela Cells   Humans   Insects   Mutation   Neutralization Tests   Neutralization Tests   Poliovirus/genetics   Poliovirus/physiology   Receptors, Virus/genetics   Receptors, Virus/physiology   Recombinant Proteins/physiology   Transfection   Virus Replication  

摘要： Poliovirus mutants resistant to neutralization with soluble cellular receptor were isolated. Replication of soluble receptor-resistant (srr) mutants was blocked by a monoclonal antibody directed against the HeLa cell receptor for poliovirus, indicating that the mutants use this receptor to enter cells. The srr mutants showed reduced binding to HeLa cells and cell membranes. However, the reduced binding phenotype did not have a major impact on viral replication, as judged by plaque size and one-step growth curves. These results suggest that the use of soluble receptors as antiviral agents could lead to the selection of neutralization-resistant mutants that are able to bind cell surface receptors, replicate, and cause disease.

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   疫苗   稳定性  

摘要： 本文阐述了影响口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗(OPV)和脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(IPV)稳定性的若干因素,包括病毒的血清型、稳定剂、pH值、疫苗分装容器以及防腐剂等.

关键词： 轮状病毒感染   早期快速诊断   斑点试验   细胞培养物   双抗体夹心法   转印   无交叉反应   粪便标本   脊髓灰质炎病毒   假阳性  

摘要： 免疫斑点试验(immunodot test,IDT)是Hawkes等于1982年在Western转印方法的基础上建立的一种新免疫学技术。本文将IDT用于检测细胞培养物和粪便中轮状病毒(RV)抗原,并与ELISA和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)作了比较研究。

摘要： Serum neutralizing, nasopharyngeal neutralizing, and IgA antibodies were determined in 123 infants immunized with one of four schedules containing live oral vaccine (OPV), inactivated vaccine (IPV), or combinations of the two trivalent poliovirus vaccines: OPV-OPV-OPV, IPV-IPV-IPV, IPV-OPV-OPV, or IPV-IPV-OPV. Nearly 100% of individuals formed serum neutralizing antibodies. The highest geometric mean titer (GMT) of antibody to polioviruses 1, 2, and 3 occurred in groups IPV-IPV-OPV, IPV-OPV-OPV, and IPV-IPV-IPV, respectively. Local neutralizing and IgA antibody responses were detected in 41%-88% and 75%-100%, respectively. Peak GMT of nasopharyngeal antibodies differed minimally between immunization groups. The data suggest that incorporation of at least one dose of IPV at the start of the immunization schedule tends to increase systemic as well as local antibody production.

摘要： After cultured cells are infected with poliovirus, cellular mRNA fails to bind to ribosomes, and synthesis of the majority of cellular proteins ceases. The defective step has been localized to the cap-dependent activity of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F. Inactivation of this factor correlates with the cleavage of its largest subunit, p220, into characteristic products observed in infected cells. This cleavage is mediated by the poliovirus protease 2Apro. Previous work suggests that 2Apro does not catalyze the reaction directly, suggesting that one or more cellular proteins is required for the degradation of p220. To identify such a protein, we have developed an assay in which cleavage of a p220 substrate in the presence of poliovirus 2Apro is dependent upon the addition of HeLa cell proteins. By using this assay, we show that another factor, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, is required for 2Apro-dependent cleavage of p220.