关键词： Adult   Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis   Child   Humans   Immunity, Cellular   Injections, Intradermal   Middle Aged   Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated/administration & dosage   Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated/immunology  

摘要： Immune response to intradermal inoculation of a fractional dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) was measured in 8 adults and 10 children who were previously immune. A striking 4-fold to 1024-fold antibody booster response to all 3 poliovirus serotypes was found in 15 subjects and a similar response to 2 poliovirus serotypes occurred in the other 3 children. Induration and erythema of 3 mm diameter or above, indicative of a cell-mediated immune response, was seen in 12 subjects. Intradermal inoculation of IPV may be a useful technique for secondary immunisation programmes against polio and its use for primary immunisation merits investigation.

摘要： Infection of cells with poliovirus results in a rapid inhibition of host RNA and protein synthesis. Concordant with this shutoff, the p220 subunit of the cap-binding protein complex is cleaved, probably indirectly, by the poliovirus proteinase p2A (2A(pro)). To elucidate the mechanism of action of 2A(pro) in inhibiting protein synthesis in vivo, we studied the effect of transient expression of 2A(pro) in COS-1 monkey kidney cells. In cells transfected with a 2A(pro) expression plasmid, p220 was cleaved and the 2A(pro) mRNA was reduced 30-fold compared to an identical plasmid containing a translation termination codon within the 2A(pro) coding region. The reduced expression from the 2A(pro) vector results from a 4-fold reduction in DNA replication and 22-fold reduction in transcription by RNA polymerase II from the adenovirus major late promoter/SV40 enhancer utilized in this vector. In contrast, no decrease in transcription of the adenovirus virus-associated I RNA gene by RNA polymerase III was observed. The effect of 2A(pro) expression on cap-dependent mRNA translation was studied by producing a dicistronic beta-globin mRNA harboring the encephalomyocarditis virus leader and 2A(pro) coding region within the 3' end of the mRNA to mediate cap-independent translation of 2A(pro). Expression of this mRNA was also reduced 25-fold compared to an identical plasmid harboring a termination codon within the 2A(pro) coding region. Translation of the beta-globin marker gene from this mRNA was reduced 3-fold when corrected for mRNA level. These results suggest that p220 cleavage itself is not sufficient for complete inhibition of host translation and that an important effect of 2A(pro) expression on host protein synthesis is a reduction in RNA polymerase II transcription and to a lesser extent, DNA replication. This reduction could be a primary effect of 2A(pro), or a secondary effect caused by the inhibition of translation.

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎疫苗   免疫状况   脊灰炎   阳性预测值   流行率   筛检   阴性预测值   疫苗接种   中和试验   试验结果  

摘要： 预测值(predictive value)是指在筛检及诊断试验中,结果阳性而真正属于病例的概率称为阳性预测值;而试验结果阴性而确未患病的概率为阴性预测值。预测值取决于该试验的敏感度、特异度及被筛检疾病的流行率。本译文是作者在加沙地区用中和试验和ELISA检测当地婴幼儿在接种脊灰炎疫苗前后血清免疫应答的结果,对开展计免工作有参考价值。

关键词： 小儿肺炎   八年   死亡资料   自我监测   一九   县二   脊髓灰质炎疫苗   百白破疫苗   静呼吸   麻疹疫苗  

摘要： 肺炎是全世界小儿死亡最常见的病因,每十四秒就有一个孩子死于肺炎。在我国农村一岁以内小儿肺炎死亡仍占首位。因此,把小儿肺炎监测和预防知识交给群众,进行家庭自我监测和预防十分重要。据我县二十四个乡镇一九八八年至一九八九年婴儿肺炎死亡资料分析,宣传肺炎家庭监测和预防后的一九八九年婴儿肺炎家中及就诊途中死亡明显下降,一九八九年比一九八八年下降了百分之七十五。

关键词： Science   Humanities and Social Sciences   multidisciplinary  

摘要： Despite protests from the US pharmaceuticals industry, government regulators are preparing to relax standards for the testing of polio vaccines to allow competition in the $100 million US market.

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   病毒   水病毒浓缩  

摘要： 本文用三种浓缩方法对人工污染标本进行了病毒回收率的比较试验,三种方法结果基本相同(47—49％)。在被检脊髓灰质炎Ⅰ型病毒蒸馏水标本中加1％NaCl可提高滤膜法对水中病毒的回收率;在含脊髓灰质炎病毒的河水、污水标本中加1％NaCl及AlCl_3(河水为0.0005mol/L、污水为0.001mol/L),离心沉淀过程中,我们惊奇地发现病毒全在沉渣中,结果表明用该方法病毒回收率竟提高了一倍(92—99％)。

关键词： 肠道病毒   食品卫生管理   病毒学监测   脊髓灰质炎病毒   卫生防疫站   蚀斑   使人   样品名称   参考方法   分离毒株  

摘要： 肠道病毒污染食物是引起肠道病的主要病原之一。多种肠道病毒只需一个蚀斑单位的剂量即可使人感染。据报导,近年来国外对食品进行病毒学监测证明从不同的食物中可分离到许多病毒。而国内这方面报导很少。为保护人民身体健康。为食品卫生管理部门提供科学依据,我们于夏秋季节采取了绵阳市内十种能直接入口的食品(饮料、卤肉、水果、西红柿、黄瓜、酱油、冰糕、凉粉、蛋糕)进行肠道病毒分离,现将结果报告如下。

关键词： 效果检测   脊灰炎   血清学监测   采集血样   活疫苗   免疫成功率   中和抗体   糖丸疫苗   抗体阳性率   易感人群  

摘要： 为提高易感人群对脊灰炎病毒的抵抗力,进一步降低发病率,我省从1988年冬起在全省范围内对7岁以下儿童进行了一次性的三价脊灰炎口服活疫苗(TOPV)普服。为了解此次普服的效果,我们于1989年8、9月在茂名市于普服前后分别采集血样进行血清学检测。现将结果报告如下: 材料与方法 ***:由中国医学科学院医学生物学研究所生产,批号是89—81—3和88—101—3,经回苗滴定,服前效价分别是6.51ogTCID50/粒和6.11ogTCID50/粒,均符合现行规程要求。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   疫苗   免疫学  

摘要： 在江苏武进县农村对2～6月龄未服过脊髓灰质炎疫苗易感儿中，比较液体Ⅰ型，糖丸Ⅰ型和三价糖丸疫苗免疫应答。3种疫苗3次免疫后，抗体阳转率均达到95～100%，无统计学显著性差异，抗体几何平均滴度以液体Ⅰ型最高，液体Ⅰ型与糖丸Ⅰ型、Ⅰ型糖丸与三价糖丸无显著性差异，但三价糖丸与液体Ⅰ型相比有显著性差异。鉴于2～4月龄婴幼儿服用糖丸十分不便，且不易保证服苗效果，建议生产厂家克服困难创造条件尽快将脊灰糖丸剂型改为液体剂型。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   疫苗   免疫学  

摘要： 本文报告了对脊髓灰质炎疫苗现行免疫程序的改进观察血清学结果。对已服完3次疫苗的18～24月龄儿童加服一次疫苗，可获得良好的免疫应答。血清中和抗体阳转率Ⅰ型由85%提高到96%，Ⅱ型由84%提高到100%，Ⅲ型由91%提高到100%，3个型的抗体GMT都有大幅度增长。18～24月龄加服一次疫苗对消除服完3次疫苗儿童发病将起到十分重要作用。在当前全国消灭脊髓灰质炎工作中推荐各地对已服完3次疫苗18～24月龄的儿童集中普服。新生儿出生后服苗，80%可从肠道排毒，对日后3次常规服苗阳转率似有提高作用。