关键词： Poliovirus Vaccine   Inactivated   Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome   Hepatitis B Vaccines   Homosexuality   Male   Humans   Male  

关键词： POLIOVIRUS   IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE   SEROTYPING  

摘要： Neutralization and indirect immunofluorescence were compared for the identification and serotyping of poliovirus. Indirect immunofluorescence was highly concordant with neutralization and offers a more rapid procedure for identification and characterization of poliovirus strains.

关键词： Antigens   Viral   Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay   Laboratories   Poliovirus Vaccine   Inactivated   Vaccines   Inactivated   World Health Organization  

摘要： In the first phase of a two part WHO Collaborative study, fourteen laboratories from ten countries estimated the antigenic content of six trivalent inactivated poliovirus vaccine preparations using in vitro methods. All laboratories used a candidate standard method for D antigen assay (method A) and eight contributed results from established 'in-house' methods (method B). All methods assayed D antigen in an antigen capture ELISA format. Monoclonal antibodies were used as detector reagents in method A and in some laboratories for method B. The average difference in potency estimates for duplicate preparations A and C was used to assess within assay variation. Overall this was found to be 22% and 19% for methods A and B respectively. Within laboratory variation was measured as the geometric coefficient of variation for between assay repeatability. Results for methods A and B, 28% and 26% respectively were again very similar. Variation in potency estimates between laboratories was in the range 2- to 5-fold for most samples and most laboratories irrespective of the method used. However, a maximum 24-fold difference occurred when ail results were taken into account. Method A gave significantly enhanced potency estimates for the type 3 component of preparation B, a vaccine shown to be immunogenic in humans in clinical trials, compared to method B. Method A also failed to assay the type 3 component of preparation F which was prepared by inactivation of the Sabin 3 strain of poliovirus. Further work is required to identify monoclonal antibodies, or combinations of monoclonal antibodies, suitable for universal application in D antigen assays of inactivated poliovirus vaccines. Further work is also required to improve control of the antigen-capture ELISA in some laboratories. The second phase of this WHO Collaborative Study evaluated the proficiency of in vivo potency assays. These results together with an evaluation of the correlation of immunogenicity and antigenic assay pl

关键词： 3-dimensional structure   Crystal-structure   Monoclonal-antibodies   Crystallographic refinement   Capsid polypeptide-vp1   Peptide antigen   Resolution   Binding   Vp1   Variability   Peptides   crystal structure   Resolving power   SGCG gene   Neutralization   Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments   Virion   FANCB gene   Monoclonal Antibodies   Poliovirus  

摘要： The crystal structure of the complex between the Fab fragment of C3, a neutralizing antibody for poliovirus, and a peptide corresponding to the viral epitope has been determined at 3.0 Angstrom resolution. Although this antibody was originally raised to heat inactivated (noninfectious) virus particles, it strongly neutralizes the Mahoney strain of type 1 poliovirus. Eleven peptide residues are well-defined in the electron-density map and form two type 1 beta-turns in series. At the carboxyl end, the peptide is bound snugly in the antibody-combining site and adopts a conformation that differs significantly from the structure of the corresponding residues in the virus. Structural comparisons between the peptide in the complex and the viral epitope suggests that on binding to infectious virions, this antibody may induce structural changes important for neutralization.

关键词： POLIO   INTRAMUSCULAR injections   POLIOVIRUS   CHILDREN -- Health   IMMUNIZATION   COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Prevention   PREVENTIVE medicine   ROMANIANS   POLIOMYELITIS vaccine   PARALYSIS   ADMINISTRATION of drugs   VACCINATION   PUBLIC health   RISK factors  

摘要： Background. In Romania the rate of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis is for unexplained reasons 5 to 17 times higher than in other countries. Long ago it was noted that intramuscular injections administered during the incubation period of wild-type poliovirus infection increased the risk of paralytic disease (a phenomenon known as ''provocation'' poliomyelitis). We conducted a case-control study to explore the association between intramuscular injections and vaccine-associated poliomyelitis in Romania. Methods. The patients were 31 young children in whom vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis developed from 1988 through 1992. Eighteen were vaccine recipients, and 13 had acquired the disease by contact with vaccine recipients. Each of these children was matched with up to five controls according to health center, age, and in the case of vaccine recipients, history of receipt of the live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine. Data were abstracted from medical records that documented the injections administered in the 30 days before the onset of paralysis. Results. Of the 31 children with vaccine-associated disease, 27 (87 percent) had received one or more intramuscular injections within 30 days before the onset of paralysis, as compared with 77 of the 151 controls (51 percent) (matched odds ratio, 31.2;95 percent confidence interval, 4.0 to 244.2). Nearly all the intramuscular injections were of antibiotics, and the association was strongest for the patients who received 10 or more injections (matched odds ratio for greater than or equal to 10 injections as compared with no injections, 182.1;95 percent confidence interval, 15.2 to 2186.4). The risk of paralytic disease was strongly associated with injections given after the oral poliovirus vaccine, but not with injections given before or at the same time as the vaccine (matched odds ratio, 56.7;95 percent confidence interval, 8.9 to infinity). The attributable risk in the population for intramuscular injecti

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎疫苗   效果观察   强化免疫活动   消灭   效果评价   发病率   齐齐哈尔市   总目标   计划   下降  

摘要： 为了实现1995年消灭脊髓灰质炎的总目标，在脊髓灰质炎发病率连续下降接近消灭的情况下，齐齐哈尔市自1991年起有计划地开展脊髓灰质炎疫苗的冬春季强化免疫活动，现将我市强化服苗效果评价如下。

关键词： 口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗   病毒抗体   阳性率   免疫接种   口服脊灰疫苗   出生时体重   试验组   抗体效价   研究对象   婴儿  

摘要： 加纳Tema综台医院于1990年10月至1991年7月选择452名出生时体重≥2.5kg的婴儿为研究对象将其随机分为试验组(231名)和对照组(221名),试验组婴儿按照WHO推荐的免疫接种程序分别在出生时和出生后6、10、14周各接种1剂三价口服脊灰疫苗(TOPV),对照组在出生时不接种TOPV,其它3剂接种时间与观察组相同。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   蛋白   抗原性  

摘要： 脊髓灰质炎病毒蛋白质及其抗原性研究进展信洪武，郭志刚，韩进德世界卫生组织（ＷＨＯ）要求到２０００年全球消灭脊髓灰质炎病毒（Ｐｏｌｉｏｖｉｒｕｓ，ＰＶ）野病毒株和由野病毒株引起的脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）。近年来随着分子生物学的发展，ＰＶ研究取得了很大进展。我...

关键词： 儿童计划免疫   相应传染病   陕西省   预防接种   卫生行政管理部门   人民代表大会常务委员会   脊髓灰质炎疫苗   身体健康   条例   乙型肝炎疫苗  

摘要： 《陕西省儿章计划免疫条例》已于1994年12月22日经陕西省第八届人民代表大会常务委员会第十次会议通过,现公布施行。第一条为了预防、控制和消除儿童相应传染病的发生和流行,保障儿童身体健康,根据《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》的有关规定,结合本省实际,

关键词： SCID   鼠   脊髓灰质炎   I型病毒   免疫应答  

摘要： 经测定鼠尾采血获取的血清,10只SCID鼠在所设实验室条件下饲养4个月前后均达到鼠IgG含量低于5μg/ml的合格标准,5只SCID鼠腹腔移植入2或4×10~7个人外周血淋巴细胞(hu—PBL),建立人化SCID(hu-PBLSCID)鼠,可在移植后4周和12周测到其血清中人IgG的存在,最高可达109μg/ml。以脊髓灰质炎Ⅰ型病毒(Polio—1 virus,Polio-1)作抗原免疫5只hu-PBL-SCID各5次,每鼠均能产生抗Polio-1的特异性人抗体,滴度最高达1:640,表明所建立的人化SCID鼠具备了一定的免疫应答能力。