关键词： 卫生人员   解放前   卫生工作   白百破疫苗   健康水平   中西医   蛋白质摄入量   脊髓灰质炎疫苗   三配套   农村改水  

摘要： 1979年世界第32届卫生大会批准的国际初级卫生保健会议宣言(即《阿拉木图宣言》)中第一条即是:“健康是一项基本人权”。在世界上真正能贯彻这一原则的国家,尤其是发展中国家是不多的。新中国建立不久,老一辈党和国家领导人高度重视人民的健康,亲手为我国卫生工作制定了“面向工农兵”、“预防为主”、“团结中西医”,“卫生工作与群众运动相结合”的四大方针。46年来,“四大方针”指引着我国卫生事业逐步兴旺昌盛,取得了举世瞩目的成就。多种急性传染病、地方病、寄生虫病的发病率大幅度地下降。 1993年全国卡介苗、白百破疫苗(白喉、百日咳、破伤风)、脊髓灰质炎疫苗、麻疹疫苗的接种率(以县为单位)达到了85％。全国居民每人每天热量、蛋白质摄入量与1959年相比,分别提高了21％和18％。1994年农村改水受益人口已占农村人口的84.8％。

关键词： Animals   Central Nervous System   Comparative Study   Hela Cells   Humans   Mice   Mice   Inbred ICR   Mice   Transgenic   Poliomyelitis   Polioviruses  

摘要： Poliomyelitis as a consequence of poliovirus infection is observed only in primates. Despite a host range restricted to primates, experimental infection of rodents with certain genetically well defined poliovirus strains produces neurological disease. The outcome of infection of mice with mouse-adapted poliovirus strains has been described previously mainly in terms of paralysis and death, and it was generally assumed that these strains produce the same disease syndromes in normal mice and in mice transgenic for the human poliovirus receptor (hPVR-tg mice). We report a comparison of the clinical course and the histopathological features of neurological disease resulting from intracerebral virus inoculation in normal mice with those of murine poliomyelitis in hPVR-tg mice. The consistent pattern of clinical deficits in poliomyelitic transgenic mice contrasted with highly variable neurologic disease that developed in mice infected with different mouse-adapted polioviruses. Histopathological analysis showed a diffuse encephalomyelitis induced by specific poliovirus serotype 2 isolates in normal mice, that affected neuronal cell populations without discrimination, whereas in hPVR-tg animals, damage was restricted to spinal motor neurons. Mouse neurovirulent strains of poliovirus type 2 differed from mouse neurovirulent poliovirus type 1 derivatives in their ability to induce CNS lesions. Our findings indicate that the characteristic clinical appearance and highly specific histopathological features of poliomyelitis are mediated by the hPVR. Our data lead us to conclude that the tissue tropism of mouse-adapted poliovirus strains in normal mice is fundamentally different from that of poliovirus in hPVR-tg mice and primates, and that this is indicative of an as yet unknown mechanism of adsorption and uptake of the virus into cells of the murine CNS.

关键词： POLIOVIRUS VACCINATION   PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS  

摘要： Background. To determine whether the effect of live attenuated oral polio viru Methods. A study of women who had been vaccinated against poliovirus during a national vaccination campaign and who had delivered by cesarean section in three obstetrical hospitals in southern Finland. One thousand seven hundred and forty-seven vaccinated women (in three study cohorts), and their 2293 nonvaccinated controls (in two reference cohorts) were analyzed. Subjects are out of 22 000 deliveries evaluated earlier. Results. Vaccinated sectioned women did not show an excess of pregnancy complications. The mean rate of cesarean sections was 18.4% in the study cohorts and 18.9% in the reference cohorts counted from the 22 000 deliveries. Conclusions. Oral live attenuated polio virus vaccine does not increase pregnancy complications and is considered a safe alternative for vaccinating pregnant women.

关键词： SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM   SECONDARY EFFLUENT   SUBSURFACE DRIP DISPOSAL   POLIOVIRUS  

摘要： Treated domestic wastewater is a source of water utilized for a variety of purposes. Outdoor experiments were conducted to examine poliovirus penetration into tomato plants under subsurface drip irrigation with secondary level treated domestic wastewater. According to the results, high virus content in the applied wastewater resulted in a limited penetration into the plant via the roots. No virus contamination was found in the leaves of plants irrigated with wastewater spiked with viruses, while a limited amount of virus contamination was detected in leaves of plants irrigated with tap water enriched with poliovirus.

关键词： poliomyelitis   antigens   dna   complementary   hela cells   immune sera   oryctolagus cuniculus   reticulocytes   vaccination   vaccines   viral nonstructural proteins   virus diseases   infections   antibodies   diagnosis   poliovirus   viruses   serum   attenuation   lysate  

摘要： Sera from recent and past cases of poliomyelitis as well as from healthy subjects vaccinated with live attenuated poliovirus, all contain antibodies to poliovirus nonstructural proteins. Reactivity of these antisera with nonstructural protein antigens present in virus-infected HeLa cells or translated from cDNA transcripts in rabbit reticulocyte lysates was sometimes sensitive to denaturation of the antigens. The finding of antibodies to nonstructural proteins of poliovirus and other viruses should have applications in the development of diagnostic assays for virus infection and may have implications for future vaccine design.

关键词： Immunization Programs   Poliovirus Vaccine   Oral   Asia   Europe   Humans   Poliomyelitis  

摘要： The theme of World Health Day, April 7, 1995, is "Target 2000--A World Without Polio" (1). In conjunction with World Health Day activities, 18 geographically contiguous countries in Europe, Central and South Asia, and the Middle East are conducting coordinated National Immunization Days (NIDs)* with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) (Figure 1). The World Health Organization (WHO) has designated this effort "Operation MECACAR" (MEditerranean, CAucasus, and Central Asian Republics). This report describes the efforts of this campaign and summarizes polio surveillance data for 1994.

关键词： 健康教育   消灭脊髓灰质炎   脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗   脊髓灰质炎病毒   控制和   病例报告   强化免疫日活动   计划免疫   预防接种   小儿传染病  

关键词： ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM   POLIOVIRUS   SECRETORY PATHWAY   VIRUS-HOST INTERACTIONS  

摘要： Poliovirus RNA replication occurs on the surface of membranous vesicles that proliferate throughout the cytoplasm of the infected cell. Since at least some of these vesicles are thought to originate within the secretory pathway of the host cell, we examined the effect of poliovirus infection on protein transport through the secretory pathway. We found that transport of both plasma membrane and secretory proteins was inhibited by poliovirus infection early in the infectious cycle. Transport inhibition did not require viral RNA replication or the inhibition of host cell translation by poliovirus. The viral proteins 2B and 3A were each sufficient to inhibit transport in the absence of viral infection. The intracellular localization of a secreted protein in the presence of 3A with the endoplasmic reticulum suggested that 3A directly blocks transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus.

关键词： 广东   脊髓灰质炎   三价口服减毒活疫苗   效价   贮存温度  

摘要： １９９１年广东省脊髓灰质炎三价口服减毒活疫苗效价监测郑焕英，何由成，柯昌文，郭永文，郦其昌，林协勤为了解脊髓灰质炎三价口服减毒活疫苗（ＴＯＰＶ）在冷链运转过程中效价的变化情况，及时解决冷链工作中出现的问题，我们于１９９１年对全省各级的ＴＯＰＶ进行了抽...

关键词： 江门市   脊髓灰质炎   疫苗   效价  

摘要： 江门市脊髓灰质炎疫苗效价监测报告陈安妮，谭舜琴，梅婉媚，李宗瑞，钟瑞美指导者：卢关平１９９２～１９９３年，我们对江门市和属下的五县市、区脊髓灰质炎活疫苗糖丸（简称糖丸疫苗）的效价进行监测，报告如下：１抽样方法县级市、区糖丸疫苗抽样。对台山、平开、恩平...