关键词： Child   Crime   Humans   Immunization Programs   India   Poisoning   Poisoning   Poliomyelitis/prevention & control   Poliomyelitis/prevention & control   Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated/standards   Vaccination/adverse effects  

关键词： 病毒污染   脊髓灰质炎病毒   传染性   污染食品   奇病   口蹄疫病毒   继发性污染   甲肝病毒   生食   蔬菜  

摘要： 近年来,因病毒污染食品造成一些病毒性疾病暴发流行的事件时有发生。如1988年上海市发生的传染性甲型肝炎流行就是因食用被甲肝病毒污染的毛蚶所引起。此次疾病的流行不仅给国家造成重大的经济损失。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   分子流行病学  

摘要： １９８９～１９９４年中国发生的脊髓灰质炎流行，疫情开始集中于华东、中南地区，后期趋于南部沿海一带。对近百份来自１８个省、市、自治区脊灰病毒流行期间标本的分子生物学特征分析，发现流行主要由脊灰病毒Ⅰ型野毒株引起，未发现Ⅱ型野毒株，但１９９３年在新疆分离到１株Ⅲ型野毒株。Ⅰ型野毒株中共存在４个基因型病毒，其中ＣＨＮＰ１－Ｒ９１型病毒为这几年流行中新产生的重组病毒，在ＶＰ１／２Ａ区含有一段疫苗株序列，另一段野毒株序列很可能来自ＣＨＮＰ１－ＪＸ８９型病毒。这两个基因型病毒分布在全国大部份地区。病毒核酸的亲缘关系研究还证明，９２～９４年流行在南方沿海一带的脊髓灰质炎，主要由９１年产生的重组病毒引起。此研究揭示了各地区、各基因型病毒与疫情之间的流行病学关系及传播模式。

关键词： 甲型肝炎   儿童   发病率   脊髓灰质炎疫苗  

摘要： 在七○年代,哈尔滨市卫生防疫站邱斌书曾报导在人群中一次口服小儿麻痹糖丸活疫苗(简称糖丸疫苗)能在一个较短的时期内降低甲型病毒性肝炎(简称甲肝)的发病率,进而又将糖丸疫苗用于甲肝疫点中密切接触者的预防亦取得了较满意效果。本研究旨在进一步证实口服糖丸活疫苗对儿童甲肝的预防作用,为干扰素的基础理论研究及防疫实践提供科学依据。

关键词： POLIOVIRUS   ANTIVIRAL   PYRIDAZINAMINE   THERMOSTABILIZATION  

摘要： Polioviruses type 1 (Mahoney) and type 3 (Sabin) were treated with the antiviral pyridazinamine R78206 by first binding the compound to the virus and then removing unbound compound by dialysis. As a result of this treatment, both poliovirus strains were protected against thermal inactivation at 46 degrees C. The R78206 treatment did not cause inactivation except with the Sabin 3 strain at high R78206 concentrations.

关键词： DIPHTHERIA   TETANUS   PERTUSSIS   HEPATITIS B VACCINE   IMMUNIZATION REACTOGENICITY   SIMULTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION  

摘要： The reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the administration of recombinant vaccine against hepatitis B simultaneously (but at separate sites) with diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis (DTP) and oral polio vaccines were examined Six hundred and twenty-six children (group I) were given hepatitis B vaccine at 0, 2 and 6 months of age, the other vaccines were administered at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. A control group of 731 children (group II) received only DTP and oral polio vaccines. The results showed that 93% of the infants in group I had anti-HBs titres above the protective level (greater than or equal to 10 mlU ml(-1)) after vaccination. There were no differences in the immune responses for DTP and polio between the two study groups. The vaccine efficacy against poliomyelitis was 96% for serotype I, 100% for serotype If and 97-98% for serotype III. Of the infants in both groups, 97% had antibodies against B. pertussis;all children were positive for tetanus and diphtheria. There were no differences in the incidences of general reactions between groups. Local swelling and redness were reported following 4.2 and 4.4%, respectively, of all injections of hepatitis B vaccine. These reactions were reported following 31 and 33%, respectively, of all doses of DTP vaccine. It can be concluded that the simultaneous administration of hepatitis B vaccine with the DTP and polio vaccines is well-tolerated hepatitis B vaccine remained highly immunogenic and did not interfere with the immune response to the other antigens.

关键词： POLIOVIRUS   REPLICON   IMMUNE RESPONSE   HIV-1  

摘要： Several viruses have been exploited for the development of recombinant vaccine vectors in which to express foreign proteins. Recently, we have described a system utilizing the RNA virus, poliovirus. We have constructed poliovirus genomes in which regions of the capsid have been substituted with gene fragments of the HIV gag and env genes. A complementation system has been designed to encapsidate defective genomes by providing the capsid protein in trans from a recombinant vaccinia virus (VV-P1) (Porter, Ansardi, Choi and Morrow, Virology 1993, 67, 3712-3719). Serial passage in the presence of VV-P1 resulted in the generation of stocks of these encapsidated replicons. Infection of cells with these encapsidated replicons resulted in the expression of the recombinant protein as a fusion protein with the poliovirus capsid proteins VP4 and VP1. In this study, we have utilized encapsidated replicons which express the HIV-1-gag capsid protein (p24) as well as 1.5 kb of the HIV-1 env gene. Stocks of these encapsidated replicons were obtained by 20 serial passages in the presence of VV-P1. In addition, passage of the encapsidated replicons in the presence of poliovirus type 2 Lansing resulted in the encapsidation of the replicons by the capsid proteins provided by poliovirus. The administration of the type 2 Lansing/encapsidated replicons expressing HIV-1 gag into BALB/c mice by intramuscular, intrarectal, or intragastric routes resulted in the generation of antibodies in the serum and secretions against both poliovirus and HIV-1 gag. To prove that the replicons alone are immunogenic, we administered replicons expressing either HIV-1 gag or env to transgenic mice which expressed the receptor for poliovirus type 1. Immunization of these mice by the intramuscular route resulted in the generation of serum antibodies specific for poliovirus as well as for HIV-1 antigens. The results obtained led us to the conclusion that the replicons are immunogenic when given alone or in the p

关键词： IMMUNOGLOBULIN SUPERFAMILY   SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT   GENE EXPRESSION  

摘要： Until now it was assumed that the murine poliovirus (PV) receptor homolog gene (MPH) had been identified. Alternative splicing of MPH transcripts generates two glycoproteins named MPH alpha and MPH beta which share an identical N-terminal region composed of three immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains and different C-terminal regions. Using a degenerate PCR strategy, we describe the identification of a second human PVR-related gene (PRR2), which encodes two glycoproteins, PRR2 alpha (short form) and PRR2 delta (long form). They present 69 and 73% identity with MPH alpha and MPH beta, respectively, In contrast, the human PVR protein exhibits 51% identity which is moreover restricted to the three Ig domains of the murine protein, We therefore propose that PRR2, and not PVR, is the true human homolog of MPH. In addition, Northern blot analysis showed that two mRNA isoforms of 3.0 kb (PRR2 alpha) and 4.4 kb (PRR2 delta) are ubiquitously found in various normal human tissues. In situ hybridization allowed us to map PRR2 to the 19q13.2-q13.4 bands of the human genome, in the same chromosomal region as PVR.

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   儿童   外科手术   心理健康   脊髓灰质炎病毒   麻痹症   感染率   微生物学   计算机程序编制   身体恢复  

摘要： 在过去,脊髓灰质炎儿童通常限制在家里,除了可就近上学外,他们失去了和正常孩子一起受教育的机会,直至今日,他们经常被同伴取笑,被排除在正常人活动之外。Jacob John博士,一位微生物学教授介绍了他们帮助患儿恢复身体和心理健康及通过职业引导帮助他们成人的经验。

摘要： Capsid-binding drugs that inhibit the first stage of picornaviral uncoating were used to select drug-resistant mutants of the Sabin strain of poliovirus type 3. Such mutants provide information about parts of the capsid that are important for functions blocked by the drugs, and also about pathways to drug resistance. Amino-acid substitutions allowing virus to produce progeny in the presence of drug were mapped to 13 different residues occupying three distinct locations: (I) the canyon base;(II) the lining of the drug-binding pocket;and (III) the base of the protomer. These loci might be thought of as action points for transmitting the uncoating signal from receptor, through the pocket, and to the base of the protomer. All of the mutations in a special class of drug-dependent mutants were clustered at site (III) and all were hyperlabile, i.e., uncoated spontaneously (without receptor) at growth temperature unless prevented from doing so by the presence of drug in the pocket. Thus, site (III) seems to represent a kind of thermostat which regulates the temperature at which the uncoating transition (release of VP4 to form A particles) is triggered.