关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   免疫程序   一剂   小儿麻痹   肠道病毒感染   脊灰疫苗   OPV  

摘要： 我国政府承诺1995年消灭由“野毒株”引起的脊髓灰质炎(简称脊灰)麻痹型病例。消灭脊灰的根本措施是采用特异性的预防手段,服用脊灰疫苗(OPV),因而采用正确的免疫程序是消灭脊灰的关键。国际上推荐的基础免疫程序叫做“三剂OPV”,即婴儿出生第6周时,开始使用第一剂口服脊灰疫苗(OPV)。在第10周和第14周再分别服用OPV,OPV。国内是从婴儿出生第二月龄服第一剂OPV,第三月龄、第四月龄分别服第二剂、第三剂OPV,每剂间隔至少4周。以上两种免疫程序对控制脊灰发病起到良好的作用,然而这只是问题的一个方面,而另一个方面也应看到,有些婴儿尚未到免疫月龄就已发病,在实现消灭脊灰的目标中,这个问题不能不引起人们的关注。 全程服用脊灰疫苗的儿童仍然感染发病,这部分病例的出现给我们带来新的挑战,对我国按期消灭脊灰构成威胁。按年

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   强化免疫   计划免疫   小儿麻痹   肠道病毒感染   脊灰   脊灰疫苗   接种率   应用策略  

摘要： 脊髓灰质炎疫苗的应用策略中国预防医学科学院，全国计划免疫技术指导中心（北京１０００５０）张兴录，王克安在实施消灭脊髓灰质炎（下称脊灰）规划中，研究脊灰疫苗的应用策略非常重要．世界卫生组织（ＷＨＯ）提出的全球实现消灭脊髓灰质炎战略目标的４项策略：（１）...

关键词： Animals   Base Sequence   Brain   Capsid   Capsid Proteins   China   DNA   Viral   Genome   Viral   Humans   Mice   Mice   Transgenic   Molecular Sequence Data   Point Mutation   Poliomyelitis   Poliovirus   Poliovirus Vaccine   Oral   Polymorphism   Restriction Fragment Length   Research Support   Non-U.S. Gov't   Vaccines   Attenuated   Virulence  

摘要： We examined four type 1 polioviruses isolated from the stools of patients with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in China. All of these isolates were shown to be Sabin derived viruses by restriction fragment length polymorphism assay after polymerase chain reaction and by sequencing of the viral genome encoding the viral coat protein, VP1. However, the same analysis of the 3D coding region suggested that two of the four isolates had the sequence of wild type poliovirus in the tested region. Furthermore there were also point mutations in the 5' non-coding region. One was a single base change from U to C at nucleotide position 525, and the other three were from G to A at position 480. All the four strains were more neurovirulent than Sabin type 1 virus in transgenic mice with human poliovirus receptor gene. The data showed that the nucleotide positions of type 1 poliovirus which were identified to be in favor of the high neurovirulence were indeed changed during natural transmission, and suggested that the point mutation alone or a recombination of the vaccine type with wild type genome results in an acquisition of neurovirulence.

关键词： 疫苗   灰质   菌苗   病毒颗粒   感染性  

摘要： 当口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗贮存在高于冰箱温度的环境中时易于失效。在热带国家,如果冷链不好,该疫苗的失效速度更快,因而造成不良后果。Sokhey等发现口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗贮存在22℃和36℃的环境中,三周后疫苗株的感染性分别下降1.5log和3.1log。显然,有必要寻求一些能保留病毒感染性的方法。

关键词： 抗体滴度   血清标本   脊髓灰质炎病毒   小儿麻痹病毒   肠道病毒   待测血清  

摘要： 间接免疫荧光抗体技术(IFA)自1950年建立以来,在各方面得到了广泛的应用。为了解决其在测定脊髓灰质炎病毒抗体中的应用前景,选取了100份血清标本用于IFA研究,并与常规的中和试验(NT)作了比较。NT法所用病毒,细胞、待测血清标本与IFA相同。血清标本来源于经脊髓灰质炎病毒三价减毒活疫苗(OPV)免疫3次后的7岁以下儿童。试验前血清经56℃

关键词： 凝血因子浓缩剂   冻干   灭活   脊髓灰质炎病毒   小儿麻痹病毒   肠道病毒  

摘要： 作者与Rubinstein就高热处理冻干凝血因子浓缩剂的问题进行了讨论。Rubinstein不同意作者提出的100℃小时处理仅能灭活2.3log脊髓灰质炎病毒的观点,Rubinstein认为,最近的资料清楚地表明100℃仅7.5分钟处理就能灭活>5log的病毒。事实上,加热处理的时间和热动力学是关键,浸在沸水中的瓶装冻干物的温度升高比放在烘箱中更为迅速,这直接影响病毒灭活的效果。高温对病毒灭活显然有效,制造商应积极寻求最优方法,包括序贯高温干热法,如80℃30小时继而100℃30～60分钟。十多年来所采用的500×10;U,80℃/72小时干热处理因子Ⅷ,以及两年多来所采用约150×10;U,100℃/30分钟处理因子Ⅶ的记录中没有抗因子Ⅷ抑制物升高的报道。

关键词： 剂量   用药量   脊髓灰质炎病毒   小儿麻痹病毒   肠道病毒   三价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗   血清  

摘要： 三价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗(TOPV)接种的剂量间隔是影响成功免疫的诸多变量之一,为了全球消灭脊髓灰质炎,有必要研究剂量间隔对TOPV免疫应答的影响.将108名6～10周龄婴儿随机分为两组:第1组55名,于2、3和4月龄各接种1

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   原因分析   小儿麻痹   肠道病毒感染   儿童   计划免疫   疫苗   菌苗   农村  

摘要： 农村儿童脊髓灰质炎疫苗漏服的原因分析戚宏云（甘肃省和政县卫生防疫站，和政县，７３１２００）为进一步搞好贫困地区计划免疫工作，１９９３年我们对农村４岁以下儿童口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（ＯＰＶ）漏服情况及原因做了调查。随机选取３个乡的５个行政村为调查点，以４岁...

关键词： 细胞培养   病毒株   脊髓灰质炎病毒   Vero   培养(生物)   小儿麻痹病毒   肠道病毒   Sabin3   OPV  

摘要： 为分析目前广泛使用的3型脊髓灰质炎病毒减毒活疫苗(OPV)株的基因突变趋势,作者使用了一种灵敏的检测方法:即利用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和限制性内切酶裂解分析突变(MAPREC)的方法。分析对象为多个批号的商品Sabin3型活疫苗,分别来自原代病毒株(SO)和RNA蚀斑纯化的病毒株(RSO)。细胞基质分别是原代非洲绿猴肾(AGMK)细胞和Vero细胞。当这些毒株在细胞中传10代后,利用上述方法可检出14个新的突变,其中9个可在一种以上培养条件下出现,另5个只在一种培养条件下出现。3956核苷酸位点上的A→G、5788位点上的T→C和6979位点上的T→C突变仅见于

关键词： Animals   Capsid   Capsid Proteins   Cell Line   Cell Membrane   Cercopithecus aethiops   Hela Cells   Humans   Poliovirus   Research Support   Non-U.S. Gov't   Trypsin   Tumor Cells   Cultured   Vero Cells   Virion   Virus Replication  

摘要： A large proportion of host cell-bound virions of poliovirus type 1 strain Mahoney (PV1/M) is known to elute to the culture medium during incubation at 37 degrees C, and only a fraction of the virions remaining cell-associated will successfully uncoat and contribute to the new replication cycle. We found that while the proportion of inoculum type 3 poliovirus strain Saukett (PV3/S) bound to GMK cells was of the same order as that of PV1/M, the bound PV3/S virions uncoated much less efficiently, as judged by velocity sedimentation analysis of virion disintegration. Rather, the majority of the cell-associated PV3/S viruses remained apparently unaffected for several hours within an unidentified intracellular compartment. Incubation of PV3/S with intestinal trypsin is known to result in selective cleavage of the capsid protein VP1 and striking antigenic changes. Trypsin treatment of stock PV3/S preparations did not affect the infectivity titre or modify single-cycle progeny virus yields significantly. However, the fate of the cell-bound inoculum virus was profoundly altered. Trypsin-treated PV3/S virions (PV3/S-Try) attached to GMK cells less tightly than the untreated PV3/S virus or PV1/M, and a relatively larger proportion of the cell-bound virus eluted to the medium during subsequent incubation at 36 degrees C. However, the fraction of virions remaining cell-associated rapidly disintegrated suggesting efficient uncoating. In accordance with these observations, one step growth curves of PV3/S-Try in all cell lines tested showed lowered eclipse phase titres compared to those obtained with the untreated PV3/S inocula. Similar effects were also demonstrated for type 3 poliovirus strain Sabin while trypsin-sensitive strains of the other two serotypes of poliovirus remained unaffected in this sense. The putative biological significance of the altered sorting of cell-bound PV3/S-Try virions is not known. It might be related to the observations that sensitivity of type 3 poli