关键词： RNA   HeLa cells   Chimeras   Viruses   Transfection   Genomes   Open reading frames   Phenotypes   Polyproteins  

摘要： Chimeric genomes of poliovirus (PV) have been constructed in which the cognate internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) element was replaced by genetic elements of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Replacement of PV IRES with nt 9-332 of the genotype Ib HCV genome, a sequence comprising all but the first eight residues of the 5' nontranslated region (5'NTR) of HCV, resulted in a lethal phenotype. Addition of 366 nt of the HCV core-encoding sequence downstream of the HCV 5'NTR yielded a viable PV/HCV chimera, which expressed a stable, small-plaque phenotype, This chimeric genome encoded a truncated HCV core protein that was fused to the N terminus of the PV polyprotein via an engineered cleavage site for PV proteinase 3C(pro), Manipulation of the HCV core-encoding sequence of this viable chimera by deletion and frameshift yielded results suggesting that the 5'-proximal sequences of the HCV open reading frame were essential for viability of the chimera and that the N-terminal basic region of the HCV core protein is required for efficient replication of the chimeric virus, These data suggest that the bona fide HCV IRES includes genetic information mapping to the 5'NTR and sequences of the HCV open reading frame, PV chimeras replicating under translational control of genetic elements of HCV can serve to study HCV IRES function in vivo and to search for anti-HCV chemotherapeutic agents.

关键词： 接种疫苗   儿童   计划免疫   脊髓灰质炎活疫苗   三联疫苗   脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗   乙肝疫苗   麻疹疫苗   乙型肝炎   百白破  

摘要： 我院对所有儿童实行计划免疫,以预防和控制百日咳、白喉、破伤风、结核、麻疹、脊髓灰质炎、乙型肝炎等疾病的发生。1989至1994年我们对30名12月龄的幼儿,按计划免疫程序进行了卡介苗、脊髓灰质炎活疫苗、百白破三联疫苗、麻疹疫苗、乙肝疫苗的基础免疫,13例发生副反应,发生率为43％,现将护理体会报告如下。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   后遗症   流行病学  

摘要： 脊髓灰质炎后综合征（Ｐｏｓｔｐｏｌｉｏ　Ｓｙｕｄｒｏｍｅ　ＰＰＳ）──临沂地区流行病学调查研究报告石宗义，王吉波，修先伦，张守亮，阎景铎，宁志杰指导随着八五规划的顺利完成，脊髓灰质炎在我国已得到了有效的控制。广大小儿麻痹后遗症患者已经进行了康复治疗。...

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   脊髓灰质炎病毒   聚合酶链反应  

摘要： 用三对型特异引物（１Ｐ，２Ｐ，３Ｐ），对实验室标准病毒株及临床分离病毒株进行快速ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ，能够特异性地分别扩增同型脊髓灰质炎病毒（ＰＶ）的疫苗病毒株、野病毒株和抗原变异株，并能进行分型鉴定。快速ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ除了具有高度特异性和敏感性的特点外，由于不需进行病毒的组织培养、纯化及ＲＮＡ提取等繁琐操作，因此又具有更为快速和经济的优点。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   综合征   流行病学  

关键词： Rotavirus Infections   Rotavirus Vaccines   Vaccination   Viral Vaccines   轮状病毒感染   接种   病毒疫苗   Prophylactic vaccination   Rotavirus Vaccines   Rotavirus Infections   Oral Poliovirus Vaccine   Rotavirus   Viral Vaccines   rhesus rotavirus-based quadrivalent vaccine  

摘要： Interference between oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and monovalent (RRV-S1) and tetravalent (RRV-TV) rhesus-human rotavirus vaccines was evaluated, Serum antibody responses to OPV and rotavirus vaccines and efficacy of rotavirus vaccines were compared among control and vaccine groups stratified by number of concurrent OPV and rotavirus vaccinations received, Neutralizing antibody titers to poliovirus type 1 tended to rise more steeply in placebo than RRV-TV recipients, but there were no significant differences in seroprevalence or in geometric mean titers (GMTs) of antibodies to types 1, 2, or 3 among groups. Concurrent OPV resulted in lower IgA GMTs to rotavirus in RRV-S1 but not RRV-TV recipients. Rotavirus gastroenteritis rates among rotavirus vaccinees did not differ by number of concurrent OPV doses received, but the sample sizes were too small to rule out any effect. These results suggest OPV and rhesus-human rotavirus vaccines may be given at the same visit in the United States.

关键词： aberrant processing   3C(pro) cleavage site   mutants   poliovirus   replication blocks   RNA recombination  

摘要： Amongst the picornaviruses, poliovirus encodes a single copy of the genome-linked protein, VPg, whereas foot-and-mouth disease virus uniquely encodes three copies of VPg. We have previously shown that a genetically engineered poliovirus genome containing two tandemly arranged VPgs is quasi-infectious (qi) that, upon genome replication, inadvertently deleted one complete VPg sequence. Using two genetically marked viral genomes with two VPg sequences, we now provide evidence that this deletion occurs via homologous recombination. The mechanism was abrogated when the second VPg was engineered such that its nucleotide sequence differed from that of the first VPg sequence by 36%, Such genomes also expressed a qi phenotype, but progeny viruses resulted from (i) random deletions yielding single VPg coding sequences of varying length lacking the Q*G cleavage site between the VPgs and (ii) mutations in the AKVQ*G cleavage sites between the VPgs at either the P-4, P-1 or P-1' position, These variants present a unique genetic system defining the cleavage signals recognized in 3C(pro)-catalyzed proteolysis, We propose a recognition event in the cis cleavages of the polyprotein P2-P3 region, and we present a hypothesis why the poliovirus genome does not tolerate two tandemly arranged VPg sequences.

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   抗体   生物素   链霉亲和素  

摘要： 应用生物素—键霉亲和素免疫组化法检测自然人群和服苗儿童63份血清中三型脊灰抗体IgG，同时与中和试验对比，阴阳性总符合率均在92％以上，抗体液度呈正相关。组化法不仅敏感性高于中和法，而且较中和法简便、快速。故适用于脊灰抗体检测。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   微生物学检验   方法技术  

摘要： 脊髓灰质炎病毒检测技术研究进展张晓春综述叶梅君审校成都市卫生防疫站（６１００２１四川成都）脊髓灰质炎病毒（Ｐｏｌｉｏｖｉｒｕｓ，ＰＶ）有三种血清型ＰＶ１、ＰＶ２、ＰＶ３。为实现ＷＨＯ２０００年全球消灭ＰＶ的目标，实验室监测担负着重要作用。近几年来，Ｐ...

关键词： Diptheria pertussis tetanus vaccines   Poliovirus vaccines   Whooping cough   Antibodies   Inactivated poliovirus vaccines   Antigens   Antibody response   Tetanus toxoid   Diphtheria toxoid  

摘要： To determine if inactivated poliovirus vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and whole-cell pertussis vaccine interferes with the immunogenicity of pertussis vaccine, we performed a randomized trial of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine combined with inactivated poliovirus vaccine given as a single injection or as two separate injections at the same visit to infants immunized at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. A total of 84 infants were enrolled in the study;44 received the single injection, and 40 received separate injections. Before immunization, there were no differences in antibody values between the two groups. After two vaccine doses, infants immunized with the single injection had significantly lower values of antibody to filamentous hemagglutinin (8.3 vs. 23.7 ELISA units;P < .001), fimbriae (266.5 vs. 771.8 ELISA units;P < 0.01), and the 69-kD membrane protein (442.2 vs. 1,352 ELISA units;P < .001). After the third dose, these differences persisted, and differences were also detected for antibody to pertussis toxin (10.0 vs. 35.5 ELISA units;P < .001) and a whole-bacteria antigen preparation (2,667 vs. 3,829 ELISA units;P < .05). We conclude that there is a diminished antibody response to the pertussis vaccine when inactivated poliovirus vaccine is combined with the diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine.