关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   疫苗   成功率  

摘要： 脊髓灰质炎疫苗服苗后成功率调查张朝霞２１４４００江苏省江阴市卫生防疫站脊髓灰质炎是一种严重危害儿童健康的传染病，此病传播快，致残率高，给社会和家庭带来无法弥补的损失。自６０年代中期推广使用脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗以来，使脊髓灰质炎的全国平均发病率由服苗前...

关键词： poliovirus   intratypic differentiation   heteroduplex mobility assay  

摘要： A heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) was developed for intratypic differentiation between poliovirus isolates. The assay is based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a 480 base pair fragment which encodes a variable segment of VP1, followed by denaturation and reannealing of the resulting single strands with those from reference Sabin targets. Mismatches between wild-type and Sabin vaccine templates result in the formation of detectable heteroduplexes of reduced electrophoretic mobility. Poliovirus strains confirmed previously as wild-type or vaccine-like by PCR and sequencing were all correctly identified using the HMA. Mixtures of both wild-type and vaccine-like strains in a single isolate could also be detected using this technique. The results of this study demonstrate that heteroduplex analysis is a simple, rapid, and sensitive means for differentiating between vaccine-like and wild-type poliovirus isolates.

关键词： HIV 1   Polymerase chain reaction   DNA   Oral poliovirus vaccines   AIDS   SAIDS vaccines   RNA  

摘要： Although there is no evidence for transmission of mammalian retroviruses to humans via vaccine immunization, the allegations of contamination of oral poliovirus vaccines with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 or a hypothetical progenitor virus from monkeys has created controversy and dispute regarding the origin of AIDS in humans. Twelve monovalent lots of live, attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine types 1, 2, and 3, which were released for use by a North American manufacturer between 1976-1989, were tested for the presence of HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), HIV/SIV were not detected in these monovalent poliovirus vaccine lots with the reverse transcriptase assay, a general detection assay, and highly sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction assays.

关键词： poliovirus replication factor   translation   Xenopus oocytes  

摘要： We described a novel system to study poliovirus replication in Xenopus oocytes. Poliovirus RNA microinjected into Xenopus oocytes initiates a complete cycle of viral replication, yielding a high level of infectious viruses, Two distinct HeLa cell activities are required, one involved in initiation of translation and the other in RNA synthesis. The translation factor is a large cytoplasmic protein or complex, which is specifically used for initiation of poliovirus translation, The replication factor is required at early stages of RNA synthesis. Formation of infectious poliovirus is highly temperature dependent, At temperatures below 27 degrees C, capsid assembly appears to be impaired. The oocyte system described here could be useful in identifying and characterizing viral and cellular factors involved in virus replication.

关键词： enteric adenovirus   poliovirus   coliphage MS-2   coliphage PRD-1   disinfection   inactivation   UV irradiation   water  

摘要： The inactivation of enteric adenoviruses 40 and 41 by ultraviolet (UV) radiation was investigated and compared with poliovirus type 1 (strain LSc-2ab) and coliphages MS-2 and PRD-1. Purified stocks of the viruses were exposed to collimated ultraviolet radiation in a stirred reactor for a total dose of up to 140 mW s/cm(2). The doses of UV to achieve a 90% inactivation of adenovirus 40, adenovirus 41, coliphages MS-2 and PRD-1 and poliovirus type 1 were 30, 23.6, 14, 8.7 and 4.1 mW s/cm(2), respectively. Adenovirus 40 was significantly more resistant than coliphage MS-2 to UV irradiation (P < 0.01). Adenovirus 41 appeared slightly more sensitive than adenovirus 40, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The resistance of PRD-1 was less than MS-2 (P < 0.01), but greater than poliovirus type 1 (P < 0.01). Adenoviruses 40 and 41 were more resistant than Bacillus subtilis spores, often suggested as an indicator of UV light performance. The double-stranded DNA adenoviruses appear-to be the most resistant of all potentially water-borne enteric viruses to UV light disinfection. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd

关键词： Listeria monocytogenes   poliovirus   rotavirus   coinfection  

摘要： A mixed infection with either rotavirus or poliovirus and Listeria monocytogenes was analysed in Caco-2 cells, a tumour-derived cell line, highly susceptible to these pathogens. The multiplication of these pathogens, whose usual site of entry and/or replication is the intestine, was also followed by electron microscopy. Results obtained showed an increase of L. monocytogenes internalisation in cells infected with rotavirus, whereas the preinfection with poliovirus had only a slight interfering effect on bacterial entry. Analysis of L. monocytogenes multiplication in virus-infected cells revealed that rotavirus also promoted bacterial replication, which poliovirus hampered replication. Concerning the effect of Caco-2 cell invasion by L. monocytogenes on viral replication, we observed an increase in rotavirus antigen synthesis but no significant effect on poliovirus yield under our experimental conditions.

关键词： Humans   Poliomyelitis/epidemiology   Poliomyelitis/epidemiology   Poliomyelitis/prevention & control   Poliomyelitis/prevention & control   Poliovirus/pathogenicity   Vaccination   Virulence   World Health  

关键词： Immunization Programs   Asia   Child   Child   Preschool   Europe   Humans   Incidence   Infant   Poliomyelitis   Poliovirus Vaccine   Oral   Vaccination  

摘要： In 1995, a group of 18 geographically contiguous countries in Europe, Central and South Asia, and the Middle East cooperated in conducting coordinated National Immunization Days (NIDs) with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). The World Health Organization (WHO) had designated this effort "Operation MECACAR" (MEditerranean, CAucasus, and Central Asian Republics). Operation MECACAR was repeated in 1996 with the addition of the Russian Federation. This report describes OPV coverage achieved during the mass vaccination campaign in 1996 and summarizes the impact of the NIDs on poliomyelitis incidence during 1995, and the first 6 months of 1996.

关键词： Polioviruses   Viral Core Proteins   Recombinant Proteins   viral proteins   genome linked  

摘要： Poliovirus protein 3AB may serve as the lipophilic carrier of a, protein primer (VPg or 3B) used for the initiation of genomic viral RNA synthesis, Tn order to study the membrane-protein interactions of 3AB required for its role in poliovirus RNA replication, we have developed an in vitro a membrane association assay capable of distinguishing membrane-bound from nonmembrane-bound proteins that are cotranslated together in the presence of canine microsomal membranes. This assay utilizes equilibrium sedimentation analysis in high density sucrose gradients to measure membrane association of both wild type and mutated Terms of 3AB, Using this assay and other biochemical assays, we have identified the following properties of the 3AB-membrane interaction: (a) 3AB is able to post-translationally associate with microsomal membraues, (b) 3AB is able to associate with membranes in a manner consistent with that of an integral membrane protein, (c) 3AB contains a critical hydrophobic sequence within the carboxyl-terminal half of the protein that is required for membrane association, and (d) the introduction of charged residues into this hydrophobic sequence disrupts the 3AB membrane-protein interaction, Taken together, these studies indicate that poliovirus protein 3AB associates tightly with biological membranes de novo in a manner that would allow it to serve as a lipophilic anchor for the assembly of the poliovirus RNA replication complex.

关键词： Virus Replication   Antigens   CD44   Hela Cells   Humans   Jurkat Cells   Monocytes   Poliovirus   Research Support   Non-U.S. Gov't   Research Support   U.S. Gov't   P.H.S   Tumor Cells   Cultured  

摘要： Although pollovirus receptor is required to mediate poliovirus infection, its role in mediating the tissue specificity of pollovirus replication in natural infections remains unclear due to the presence of this receptor in nonsusceptible cells. It has been hypothesized that CD44 has a role in determining the susceptibility of cells to poliovirus. To test this hypothesis, we determined whether HepG2, a cultured cell line that lacks cell surface CD44, can support pollovirus replication. We found that PV(1) Mahoney, PV(2)W2, and PV(3)Leon strains of pollovirus can replicate in HepG2 cells. Jurkat cells, which also lack CD44, support PV replication. These results suggest that CD44 is nor required for poliovirus replication in cultured cells. To examine this question further, expression of CD44 in primary human monocytes was examined. Greater than 90% of monocytes express The pollovirus receptor but only 6% of these cells are susceptible to poliovirus infection, making ?his a good system to study blocks to pollovirus replication. 97% of primary human monocytes reacted with a monoclonal antibody against CD44 that has been shown to block poliovirus binding and replication. This finding suggests that CD44 is present on more cells that pollovirus infects, making CD44 unlikely to be the factor limiting poliovirus replication in human tissues. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.