关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   内部核糖体进入位点   RNA病毒   病毒复制   丙型肝炎病毒   毒力研究   IRES   帽子结构  

摘要： 真核生物的蛋白翻译,依赖于m RNA 5’端的帽子结构。而口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)、脊髓灰质炎病毒、人丙型肝炎病毒等一些RNA病毒,其蛋白的翻译是通过病毒自身的内部核糖体进入位点(Internal ribosomal entry site,IRES)以非帽依赖性方式完成的.

关键词： 病毒   疫苗   预防接种   脊髓灰质炎   急性弛缓性麻痹   疫苗接种异常反应  

摘要： 目的调查1例病例接种1剂次脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(inactivated poliovirus vaccine,IPV)、2剂次脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine,bOPV)与发生急性弛缓性麻痹(acute flaccid paralysis,AFP)事件之间的关联性。方法个案调查阶段,资料收集疫苗受种方、接种方以及疫苗生产企业资料。市、县两级预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEF1)调查诊断专家组提出诊断意见。结果该病例先后接种多种疫苗,其中接种第1剂次IPV时间为2017年2月22日,接种2剂次bOPV时间分别为2017年3月23日、4月23日。于2018年12月21日开始发病,出现右上肢、左下肢麻痹症状,先后在县级、省级医院就诊,主要诊断为AFP。大便标本无病毒检出。T淋巴细胞亚群检测结果正常。预防接种过程符合操作规程,疫苗质量合格。市、县两级AEFI调查诊断专家组现场体检,右上肢近端肌力、远端肌力分别为Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级,左下肢近端肌力、远端肌力分别为IV-级、IV+级,右上肢、左下肢近端肌肉均明显萎缩、肌张力低,左下肢略外旋。调查诊断意见为不属于疫苗接种异常反应。结论该病例所接种的疫苗与其发生AFP症状无关联。

关键词： Hepatitis C virus   HBsAg   Poliovirus   Poly-epitope vaccine   Dendritic cells   Flow cytometry  

摘要： Design and application of epitope-based polyvalent vaccines have recently garnered attention as an efficient alternative for conventional vaccines. We previously have reported the in silico design of HHP antigen which encompasses the immune-dominant epitopes of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis C core protein (HCVcp) and Poliovirus viral proteins (VPs). It has been shown that the HHP has desirable conformation to expose the epitopes, high antigenicity and other desired physicochemical and immunological properties. To confirm the accuracy of these predictions, the ex-vivo immunogenicity of the HHP was assessed. The HHP gene was chemically synthesized in pET28a and expressed in E. coli (BL21). The expressed protein was purified and its immunological potency was evaluated on dendritic cells (DCs) as antigen presenting cells (APCs). Functional analysis was assessed in co-cultivation of autologous T-cells with matured DCs (mDCs). T-cell activation, proliferation and cytokines secretion were evaluated using flowcytometry and ELISA methods. Our results indicated that the HHP could induce the DC maturation. The mDCs were able to trigger T-cell activation and proliferation. In silico design and ex-vivo confirmation of immunological potential could pave the way to introduce efficient immunogens for further analysis. The ability of HHP in DC maturation and T-cell activation makes it an amenable vaccine candidate for further in-vivo studies.

摘要： The polio endgame has been complicated by unintended consequences that have arisen from our strategies. Among patients with paralyzed polio, 5% to 10% may die, meaning that polio mortality is currently mostly related to vaccine-derivatives rather than wild strains. Prolonged VDPV excreters are a serious obstacle in the pathway of OPV cessation, and polio eradication will require eliminating all sources and reservoirs of polioviruses. They provided evidence that antibiotics did not directly affect poliovirus replication but that gut microbiota depletion diminished polioviruses replication. [Extracted from the article]

摘要： Although there have been no cases of serotype 2 wild poliovirus for more than 20 years, transmission of serotype 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV2) and associated paralytic cases in several continents represent a threat to eradication. The withdrawal of the serotype 2 component of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV2) was implemented in April 2016 to stop VDPV2 emergence and secure eradication of all serotype 2 poliovirus. Globally, children born after this date have limited immunity to prevent transmission. Using a statistical model, we estimated the emergence date and source of VDPV2s detected between May 2016 and November 2019. Outbreak response campaigns with monovalent OPV2 are the only available method to induce immunity to prevent transmission. Yet our analysis shows that using monovalent OPV2 is generating more paralytic VDPV2 outbreaks with the potential for establishing endemic transmission. A novel OPV2, for which two candidates are currently in clinical trials, is urgently required, together with a contingency strategy if this vaccine does not materialize or perform as anticipated.

关键词： Inactivated polio vaccine   Sabin IPV   D-antigen   Neutralizing antibody   ELISA  

摘要： The efficacy of a Sabin-derived inactivated polio vaccine (sIPV) can be evaluated by measuring the immunogenicity and the contents of D-antigens, which induce the neutralizing antibodies. The immunogenic potency test in rats was done as a national assay in Japan. The two manufacturers of sIPV in Japan have performed both assays since development, and there is no clear discrepancy between the results obtained in the two assays. To further know the relationship between the two assays, we analyzed the effects of the heat treatment of sIPV on the D-antigenicity and the immunogenicity. We observed that the marginal D-antigen that remained after the thermal treatment was capable of inducing relatively high neutralizing antibodies in rats. This indicates that the measurement of the D-antigen contents as part of the quality control of sIPV is more sensitive and appropriate to detect denatured vaccines. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎疫苗   麻腮风联合减毒活疫苗   疫苗知识   健康传播  

摘要： 目的分析公众对脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)疫苗和麻腮风联合减毒活疫苗(麻腮风疫苗)的信息搜索,探讨疫苗知识的健康传播策略。方法通过"百度搜索"和"宝宝知道"数据平台,收集2019年4月上旬公众对脊灰疫苗和麻腮风疫苗的搜索信息,采用文本挖掘和聚类算法,分析公众关注信息的频次和排序。结果公众对脊灰疫苗内容的关注度由高到低依次为疫苗不良反应、疫苗基本信息、疫苗接种方式和接种疫苗后注意事项;对麻腮风疫苗内容的关注度依次为疫苗基本信息、不良反应和接种方式。在疫苗安全性方面,公众同时关注疫苗接种后不良反应的类型和处理方式。结论公众对疫苗的搜索信息随疫苗不同而不同,疫苗知识的健康传播策略需精准化。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   脊髓灰质炎疫苗高变异株病毒   急性弛缓性麻痹  

摘要： 目的分析河南省2018年1例分离出脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)疫苗高变异株病毒(Vaccine-hypervariable poliovirus,VHPV)的急性弛缓性麻痹(Acuteflaccidparalysis,AFP)病例的调查处置。方法对该例AFP病例进行个案调查、脊灰病毒分离和鉴定,开展排毒监测、隔离消毒、AFP病例主动搜索和接种率评估,分析传播风险。结果从该AFP病例及其两名密切接触者粪便标本中分离出脊灰病毒,均鉴定为Ⅲ型VHPV;病例无残留麻痹。当地未发现漏报AFP病例,2月龄-5岁儿童各剂次脊灰疫苗接种率>99%,对病例和接触者采取隔离消毒等措施后,未再发现VHPV。结论高水平脊灰疫苗覆盖率、高质量AFP病例监测和及时采取控制措施是阻断本起VHPV疫情传播的关键。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   疫苗研发   助理部长   富兰克林   罗斯福   接力跑   埃莉诺  

摘要： 1916年开始的一场流行传染病侵袭了美国很多地区,包括富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福的家乡海德帕克,当时他身处华盛顿,是一位年轻的海军助理部长。1921年夏,妻子埃莉诺带着5个孩子到加拿大坎波贝洛岛躲避瘟疫,当年8月,罗斯福也来到这里与他们会合。