关键词： Antibodies   Bacterial   Antibodies   Viral   Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine   Dose-Response Relationship   Immunologic   Female   Hepatitis B Vaccines   Humans   Immunization Schedule   Immunization   Secondary   Infant   Male   Poliovirus Vaccine   Inactivated   Prospective Studies   Safety   Vaccines   Combined   Vaccines   Conjugate  

摘要： Primary immunization at 3, 4.5, and 6 months and boosting between 15 and 27 months of age with combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B-inactivated poliovirus (DTPa-HBV-IPV) vaccine was compared with separate administration of DTPa-HBV and IPV to healthy children (trials DTPa-HBV-IPV-019/033). Antibody titres were measured before and 1 month after primary and booster courses. Solicited local and general symptoms were recorded using diary cards. One month after primary vaccination, all children in both groups developed antibody titres above the assay cut-off for all vaccine components. Significantly higher anti-diphtheria, anti-pertactin (PRN) and anti-polio GMTs were measured following DTPa-HBV-IPV than DTPa-HBV plus IPV. Prior to boosting similar seroprotection/seropositivity rates were recorded in both groups. After boosting all children had seroprotective levels of diphtheria, tetanus, polio and HBV. Criteria for pertussis vaccine response were fulfilled in most children. Significantly higher anti-PRN GMTs were measured following DTPa-HBV-IPV than DTPa-HBV plus IPV. There was no difference between groups in the incidence or intensity of local and general symptoms after primary or booster vaccination, except for fever which was more frequent after the booster dose in the combined vaccine group. Both vaccine regimens were well tolerated and immunogenic, however the combined administration has the advantage of being administered as a single injection.

关键词： SV40 polio vaccine   non-Hodgkin's lymphoma   lymphocytic leukemia  

摘要： (B)etween 1955 and 1963, an estimated number of 150 million people in various parts of the world, including Norway, received poliomyelitis vaccine possibly contaminated with infectious simian virus 40 (SV40). Human studies have investigated the hypothesised association between SV40 and various cancers, but the results have so far been contradicting. The aim of the present study was to examine Norwegian cancer incidence data to assess a possible association between birth cohorts assumed to have been subjected to the vaccine and the incidence rate of lymphoproliferative disorders (excluding Hodgkin's lymphoma), further subdivided into non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), lymphocytic leukemia and plasma cell neoplasms. Between 1953 and 1997, the incidence rate of lymphoproliferative diseases combined increased about 3-fold in both males and females. Subgroup analysis showed that this increase was largely attributable to NHL. Age-period-cohort modelling of the subgroups, as well as of all groups combined, showed that the cohort effect was more prominent than the period effect. However, the variations in incidence patterns across the birth cohorts did not fit with the trends that would be expected if a SV40 contaminated vaccine did play a causative role. Thus, our data do not support the hypothesis of an association between the vaccine and any subgroup of lymphoproliferative diseases. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   冷冻干燥   保护剂  

摘要： 目的筛选脊髓灰质炎病毒冻干保护剂。方法将不同配方的冻干保护剂与脊髓灰质炎病毒(SabinⅠ型、SabinⅡ型及中Ⅲ2型)混合,进行冻干,并检测冻干前后病毒感染性滴度及冻干后的热稳定性。结果经检测发现,第Ⅷ组配方(海藻糖8%、人白蛋白1%、山梨醇5%、明胶0·5%和甘氨酸1%)在脊髓灰质炎病毒的冻干过程中保护作用较好。冻干前后感染性滴度下降在0·5LgCCID50/ml以内,且热稳定性好,37℃放置1周后SabinⅠ型、SabinⅡ型及中Ⅲ2型病毒的感染性滴度平均下降分别为0·2、0·3和0·4LgCCID50/ml,而相应对照组的感染性滴度平均下降分别为1·1、1·1和1·3LgCCID50/ml,二者差异有显著意义(P<0·05)。结论含有海藻糖、人白蛋白、山梨醇、明胶和甘氨酸的保护剂对脊髓灰质炎病毒冻干具有良好的保护效果。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒Ⅱ型Sabin株   单克隆抗体   D抗原  

摘要： 目的应用杂交瘤技术制备抗脊髓灰质炎病毒Ⅱ型Sabin株D抗原的单克隆抗体。方法用脊髓灰质炎病毒Ⅱ型Sabin株D抗原免疫雌性Balbc小鼠,取其致敏脾脏淋巴细胞与SP20小鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合。间接ELISA法筛选阳性克隆,制备腹水。检测McAb效价、抗体亚类和杂交瘤细胞核型。结果获得4株阳性杂瘤细胞株,选择一株制备腹水,ELISA效价为1∶2.4×106,中和试验效价1∶1.3×104,蛋白浓度为27.2mgmL。McAb与Ⅱ型Sabin株C抗原(ⅡC)、Ⅰ型Sabin株及Ⅲ型Phizer株D抗原(ⅠD、ⅢD)不发生交叉反应,具有高度特异性。结论成功的制备了针对脊髓灰质炎病毒Ⅱ型Sabin株D抗原的McAb,为进一步研究IPV效力检测奠定了基础。

关键词： 除害处理   卫生害虫   德国小蠊   痢疾杆菌   螫蝇   动物产品   白腹皮蠹   进口废纸   脊髓灰质炎病毒   口蹄疫病  

关键词： 疫苗接种   卡介苗(BCG)   百白破联合疫苗   脊髓灰质炎疫苗   免疫接种程序   计划免疫   免疫对象   身体条件   口服疫苗   灭活疫苗  

摘要： 我国对某些疫苗实行计划免疫,计划免疫对象为适龄婴儿和儿童,身体条件允许的适龄者皆应接受接种,如百白破联合疫苗(DPT)、卡介苗(BCG)、脊髓灰质炎疫苗(OPV-口服疫苗、IPV-灭活疫苗)、麻疹疫苗、乙肝疫苗等;其他疫苗为自愿免疫[1].只有严格按照免疫接种程序进行接种,才能充分发挥疫苗的免疫效果,才能有效控制针对传染病的流行,减少预防接种不良反应的发生.本文就疫苗接种中的注意事项、特殊人群的接种以及接种过程中出现问题的处理等进行简要叙述.

关键词： 严重急性呼吸综合征   脊髓灰质炎病毒   基因  

摘要： 目的随访监测确诊SARS患者,研究SARS-CoV、新型呼肠病毒和脊髓灰质炎病毒在患者体内的存在状况及与SARS的可能相关性。方法采集8例SARS患者痊愈2年后的咽拭子、唾液(或痰液)、尿液、血清及连续3天的粪便标本,用RT-PCR的方法分别扩增SARS-CoV、呼肠病毒和脊髓灰质炎病毒;采用ELISA的方法检测患者血清中的SARS-CoV抗体和脊髓灰质炎病毒IgG抗体。结果8例患者中有4例的粪便中脊髓灰质炎病毒RNA阳性,均为Sabin1毒株,在5′端非编码区的第480nt及VP1蛋白编码区的第2795nt两个重要的减毒位点上均发生了回复突变;SARS-CoV和新型呼肠病毒均阴性。对照组标本中均未检测到上述三种病毒。3例随访患者血清中SARS-CoV抗体阳性;4例患者血清中脊髓灰质炎IgG抗体阳性。25例健康体检者的血清中SARS-CoV抗体均阴性,其中23例的血清中脊髓灰质炎病毒抗体阳性。结论SARS患者痊愈2年后的血清中特异性脊髓灰质炎病毒抗体与健康人有显著差异,其粪便标本中仍有较高的脊髓灰质炎病毒阳性率,而且病毒核酸在两个重要的减毒位点上均发生了回复突变。

关键词： 大肠杆菌F2噬菌体   脊髓灰质炎病毒   消毒剂   灭活效果  

摘要： 采用悬液定量试验,观察了次氯酸钠、二氧化氯、二溴海因等3种消毒剂对大肠杆菌F2噬菌体的灭活效果,同时与灭活脊髓灰质炎病毒的效果进行了比较。结果,含有效氯500 mg/L的次氯酸钠消毒液作用15 m in,对F2噬菌体和脊髓灰质炎病毒灭活对数值均>4.0;含二氧化氯200 mg/L和250 mg/L的消毒液作用5 m in,分别对F2噬菌体和脊髓灰质炎病毒的灭活对数值达4.0以上;含有效溴500 mg/L的消毒液作用45 m in,对F2噬菌体灭活对数值>5.0,对脊髓灰质炎病毒的灭活对数值达4.0以上。结论,在相同的试验条件下,F2噬菌体与脊髓灰质炎病毒对所选消毒剂的抵抗力接近,因此可以选择大肠杆菌F2噬菌体作为病毒消毒试验的指示微生物,可明显缩短病毒灭活效果评价周期。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   基因鉴别   RT-PCR  

摘要： 目的研究脊髓灰质炎病毒Sabin株基因鉴别的方法。方法分别进行脊髓灰质炎病毒Ⅰ、Ⅱ型Sabin株和Ⅲ型Pfizer株3个型的工作种子批病毒RT-PCR,对扩增产物进行SDS-PAGE及测序。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ型Sabin株和Ⅲ型Pfizer株3个型的工作种子批病毒分别出现了97、71和53bp的电泳带,与预期结果相符。扩增基因序列与报道的脊髓灰质炎病毒减毒株序列一致。结论RT-PCR可以用于脊髓灰质炎病毒Sabin株毒株鉴别。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎疫苗   强化免疫   评价  

摘要： 为巩固我国无脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)证实成果,保持无脊髓灰质炎状态,进一步消除免疫空白人群,提高流动人口免疫接种率和免疫服务质量,减少易感人群,保护儿童健康,根据卫生部及四川省卫生厅要求,于2002-2005年先后开展了3次全市范围的口服脊灰疫苗(OPV)强化免疫活动,现将结果报告如下.……[第一段]