关键词： Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck   Biomarkers   Programmed death-ligand   Poliovirus receptor  

摘要： Purpose We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of multiple immune cell markers including programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and poliovirus receptor (PVR) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using archival tumor tissues Methods Patients diagnosed with HNSCC who have undergone surgical resection in 2005-2012 were included. Correlations between PVR and PD-L1 expression and patient characteristics were analyzed by analysis of variance. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to estimate survival. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results In total, 375 primary tumor tissues were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. High PVR expression was associated with a poor prognosis in terms of overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), and tumors with high PVR expression were associated with a short OS. PD-L1 tumor expression did not have a prognostic impact on survival. Univariate analysis revealed that OS and RFS were affected by age and p16 and PVR expression;multivariate analysis revealed that age and p16 and PVR expression were the most important determinants of RFS. Conclusion PVR overexpression is a poor prognostic factor in patients with HNSCC and co-targeting PVR and PD-L1 may be a promising therapeutic option that needs further investigation.

关键词： 急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)   脊髓灰质炎病毒(PV)   病原学监测   疫苗转换  

摘要： 自2016年5月1日起,我国与全球另外154个国家和地区同步实施脊髓灰质炎(以下简称"脊灰")疫苗免疫策略转换,停用三价口服脊灰减毒活疫苗,改用二价口服脊灰减毒活疫苗。为探讨脊灰疫苗转换对福建省急性弛缓性麻痹(Acute flaccid paralysis,AFP)病例监测结果产生的变化,本研究收集2012-2018年福建省AFP病例的流行病学及实验室监测数据,对脊灰疫苗转换前后AFP病例的监测结果进行描述性分析,采集AFP病例及其接触者粪便标本,并使用RD细胞和L20B细胞进行病毒分离;对L20B阳性分离物进行脊灰病毒(Poliovirus,PV)的型内鉴别(Intratypic differentiation,ITD),对PV衣壳蛋白VP1编码区核苷酸序列测定和分析。使用SPSS 21.0软件对数据进行统计检验,比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果显示,2012-2018年福建省累计报告AFP病例1776例,根据AFP病例分类流程确诊的AFP病例1283例,排除的非AFP病例493例,疫苗转换前后报告发病率平均为2.83/10万和2.71/10万。实验室共检测3123份粪便标本(包括AFP病例、非AFP病例及接触者),其中合格标本采集率为92.42%,7日及时送检率为97.85%,14日内病毒分离完成率接近100%,疫苗转换前后PV平均分离率分别为1.91%(38/1986)、1.58%(18/1137),非脊灰肠道病毒平均分离率分别为10.22%(203/1986)、5.45%(62/1137)。2016年5月1日之前分离出Ⅰ型PV 6株,Ⅱ型PV 13株,Ⅲ型PV 19株;2016年5月1日之后分离出Ⅰ型PV 6株,Ⅲ型PV 12株。本研究结果提示,脊灰疫苗转换前后福建省AFP监测系统运转正常,始终保持较高的敏感性和及时性。2012-2018年福建省分离出的PV均为脊灰疫苗株,毒株血清型别以Ⅲ型为主,VP1编码区核苷酸以低变异为主,未发现疫苗衍生脊灰病毒及脊灰野病毒,疫苗转换后再未检出II型PV,提示II型脊灰疫苗株病毒可能已被阻断。

关键词： 无细胞百白破b型流感嗜血杆菌联合疫苗   脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗   二价口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗   同时接种   不良反应  

摘要： 目的评价儿童无细胞百白破b型流感嗜血杆菌联合疫苗(DTaP-Hib)基础免疫与脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)疫苗同时接种的不良反应。方法在北京市通州区3个接种门诊招募3-12月龄儿童,观察DTaP-Hib单独接种、与脊灰灭活疫苗(IPV)同时接种、与二价口服脊灰减毒活疫苗(bOPV)同时接种后0-14d不良反应,比较不良反应发生率。结果儿童DTaP-Hib基础免疫单独接种、与IPV同时接种、与bOPV同时接种的不良反应发生率分别为5.89‰(49/8321)、6.18‰(9/1457)、4.86‰(16/3293)(χ^(2)=0.52,P=0.770),其中局部反应分别为3.97‰、4.12‰、3.34‰,全身反应分别为1.92‰、2.06‰、1.52‰;1级不良反应发生率分别为4.33‰、4.12‰、3.04‰,2级不良反应发生率分别为1.20‰、1.37‰、1.52‰,3级不良反应发生率分别为0.36‰、0.69‰、0.30‰,无4级不良反应发生。结论儿童DTaP-Hib基础免疫单独和与脊灰疫苗同时接种的不良反应发生率均在可接受范围内;同时接种未增加不良反应的发生风险和严重程度。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   输入   传播   风险评估   河南省  

摘要： 目的评估河南省2021年脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)野病毒及疫苗衍生脊灰病毒输入传播的风险。方法监测河南省各地区人群免疫水平、急性弛缓性麻痹病例,对输入风险进行评分,根据综合评分结果进行风险等级划分。综合评分越高,输入传播风险越高。结果输入传播的高风险(≥20分)、中风险(8~19分)、低风险(<8分)地区分别为6、14和8个。结论河南省存在脊灰野病毒和疫苗衍生脊灰病毒输入传播的风险,对不同风险等级的地区应采取针对性措施以维持无脊灰状态。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   病毒分离   序列测定   病原学  

摘要： 目的分析内蒙古自治区2015—2019年脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)病毒分离和鉴定情况,为内蒙古自治区防控脊灰提供依据。方法将2015—2019年内蒙古自治区各盟市送检的急性弛缓性麻痹(acute flaccid paralysis,AFP)病例、AFP病例密切接触者的粪便标本进行病毒分离,对阳性分离物进行脊髓灰质炎病毒(poliovirus,PV)型内鉴定,并上送中国疾病预防控制中心进行复核及病毒衣壳蛋白VP1区序列测定及分析。结果共从743份粪便标本中分离出PV 18株,分离率为2.42%;其中,Ⅰ型4株(0.54%),Ⅲ型11株(1.48%),Ⅰ+Ⅲ型1株(0.13%),Ⅱ+Ⅲ型2株(0.27%)。非脊灰肠道病毒(non-poliomyelitis enteroviruses,NPEV)8株,分离率为1.08%(8/743);无脊灰野病毒(wild poliovirus,WPV)。序列测定后判定1株为Ⅲ型疫苗衍生脊灰病毒(vaccine-derived poliovirus,VDPV)。结论内蒙古自治区2015—2019年继续维持无脊灰状态;自2016年5月后未发现Ⅱ型PV;检测出1株Ⅲ型VDPV并成功完成调查处置,未造成VDPV传播与扩散。

关键词： 肠道病毒   脊髓灰质炎病毒   非脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒   生活污水   监测  

摘要： 目的了解广州市生活污水肠道病毒(Enterovirus,EV)型别。方法2015-2017年每月采集广州市某污水处理厂生活污水样本,采用阴离子膜吸附-超声波振荡法对样本进行病毒富集,接种于RD、L20B和HEp-2细胞进行EV分离,通过RT-PCR和VP1编码区核苷酸序列测定进行型别鉴定,分析脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)病毒(Poliovirus,PV)和非脊灰肠道病毒(Non-polio enterovirus,NPEV)分离阳性率和型别构成。结果在144份生活污水样本中,PV和NPEV分离阳性率分别为69.44%(100份)和79.86%(115份)。共分离到233株PV疫苗相关株,其中PV1、PV2和PV3血清型分别占20.60%(48株)、12.45%(29株)和66.95%(156株);发现3株PV1和1株PV3脊灰疫苗高变异株以及1株II型疫苗衍生脊灰病毒(Vaccine-derived poliovirus,VDPV);2015年、2016年和2017年PV2疫苗相关株分别为25株、4株和0株。共分离到339株NPEV,其中埃可病毒(Echovirus,E)、柯萨奇病毒B组(Coxsackievirus group B,CVB)、柯萨奇病毒A组(Coxsackievirus group A,CVA)、未分型毒株分别占59.59%、34.22%、0.29%、5.90%;E、CVB和CVA分别鉴定出10种、5种和1种基因型,优势基因型为E6(85株)、E11(65株)和CVB3(55株)。结论2015-2017年广州市生活污水EV检出率较高,PV2疫苗相关株显著减少。仍需持续开展外环境EV监测以评估脊灰或NPEV相关疾病的风险。

关键词： Polio   Vaccine   Search volume index   Google Trends   Vaccine coverage rates  

摘要： Achievement of universal eradication of paralytic poliomyelitis has remained a challenge. Despite the general decline in cases, multiple outbreaks attributed to poor vaccination still occur. Noncompliance from vaccination can be improved through education on various media platforms. In the internet age, online health-seeking behavior plays a significant role in this regard. Hence, our study investigated the association between global online search interest in polio with the number of polio cases and vaccination coverage. This infodemiological and ecological study utilized Google Trends' search volume index (SVI) for "polio" and the World Health Organization data on the number of polio cases (PC) and vaccine coverage rate (VCR) per country between 2006 and 2019. Associations between SVI for "polio" with PC and with VCR were evaluated. From the years 2006 to 2019, the global inquiry for this term was highest (i.e., SVI at 100) last October 2018. There was a direct correlation between the SVI for "polio" and PC while there was an inverse relationship between SVI and VCR per country per year. Both relationships have weak to moderate strength of associations. Based on our models, a one-unit increase in the SVI leads to a 3.8% increase in the number of polio cases. On the other hand, a one-unit increase in the SVI leads to a 0.01% decrease in the VCR. Conclusions: Dynamic changes in global SVIs for polio may reflect fluctuations in the number of polio cases and rates of vaccine coverage. Our study brings into light the largely untapped and potential use of online search behavior for polio to anticipate changes in PC and VCR in real-time.

摘要： Background: Since WHO recommended introduction of at least a single dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in routine immunisation schedules, there have been global IPV shortages. Fractional-dose IPV (fIPV) administration is one of the strategies to ensure IPV availability. We reviewed studies comparing the effects of fractional with full-dose IPV vaccination to determine when seroconversion proportions with each strategy become similar in children aged 5 years and younger. Method: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched 16 databases in July, 2019, for trials and observational studies, including ongoing studies that compare immunogenicity and adverse events of fractional-dose (0·1 mL) to full-dose (0·5 mL) IPV in healthy children aged 5 years or younger regardless of study design, number of doses, and route of administration. Screening, selection of articles, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were done in duplicate, and conflicts were resolved by discussion or arbitration by a third author. We assessed immunogenicity, the main outcome, as proportion of seroconverted participants and changes in geometric mean titres of anti-poliovirus antibodies. Timepoints were eligible for analysis if measurements were done at least 4 weeks after vaccination. Summary estimates were pooled by use of random-effects meta-analysis. Analysis was stratified by study design, type of outcome measure, type of poliovirus, and number of doses given. We assessed heterogeneity using the χ² test of homogeneity and quantified it using the I² statistic. We assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42018092647. Findings: 860 records were screened for eligibility, of which 36 potentially eligible full-text articles were assessed and 14 articles were included in the final

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   科技强国   科学救国   风雨征程   科教兴国   一封信   顾方舟   少先队员  

摘要： 建党百年,风雨征程。百年来,中华民族经历了从科学救国、科教兴国到科技强国的发展历程,无数优秀共产党员为了科学事业的发展努力奋斗,砥砺前行。他们的精神永远激励着我们。作为一名少先队员,你一定有很多科学故事想了解,有很多话想对科学家说——顾方舟爷爷:您好!我可以叫您"糖丸爷爷"吗?感谢您创造的"糖丸"让我们小朋友远离脊髓灰质炎病毒。

关键词： Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗   包材   相容性  

摘要： 目的评价Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccines,sIPV)与3种玻璃包材的相容性。方法将3批sIPV半成品分别分装至同批中性硼硅玻璃管制西林瓶(2 mL)、预灌封注射器及中性硼硅玻璃管制西林瓶(4 mL),将1批sIPV半成品分别分装至3批上述不同的包材中。分别于(37±2)℃保存14 d、(25±2)℃保存6个月、28℃保存36个月,对疫苗的外观、装量、pH、无菌试验、细菌内毒素、D抗原含量等指标进行检测。计算3种包材sIPV于不同温度下保存不同时间的D抗原回收率,并进行比较。结果3种包材分装的sIPV于不同温度下保存不同时间的各项指标检测结果均合格,且Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型D抗原回收率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论sIPV与3种不同玻璃包材均具有良好的相容性。