关键词： 脊髓灰质炎疫苗   铁肺   小儿麻痹症   时代   浮雕   自主呼吸   祭司   病人   埃及   传染病  

摘要： 作为一种在人类历史上已经流行了数千年的传染病,脊髓灰质炎(小儿麻痹症)曾给人类社会造成极大恐慌。不到5岁的孩子,会突然发烧、呕吐,接着脊髓神经麻痹导致肢体瘫痪,严重的会出现呼吸肌肉麻痹,不能自主呼吸,最终死亡。一块至少有3500历史的埃及浮雕上,似乎提供了最早记录——浮雕上的年轻祭司的一条腿萎缩了。

关键词： 重点海水浴场   肠道病毒   轮状病毒   星状病毒   脊髓灰质炎病毒  

摘要： 海水浴场作为重要的娱乐场所,其水质卫生状况对保障公众健康极其重要。对全国重点海水浴场中轮状病毒、星状病毒和脊髓灰质炎病毒进行了调查,因为这3种病毒是引发腹泻性胃肠炎的重要病原。2007年8月选定全国10个重点海水浴场,于游泳区设定2个站位,无菌采集表层海水,用Millipore的病毒浓缩包进行海水中病毒的浓缩,用RT-PCR进行三种病毒的监测。调查结果显示:轮状病毒阳性检出率达40%(8/20)、星状病毒的为35%(7/20)、脊髓灰质炎病毒的为35%(7/20);在这十大重点海水浴场中,除北海一处无病毒检出外,其余均有不同程度的病毒阳性检出,表明我国的重点海水浴场水质已经遭受肠道病毒不同程度的污染。建议相关部门应该加强海水浴场的卫生管理,避免公众因在海水浴场娱乐导致疾病。

关键词： poliovirus revertants   vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP)   monovalent poliovirus vaccine  

摘要： Hungarian children were immunized with monovalent oral poliovaccine (mOPV) delivered at 6-week intervals in the order Sabin 1, Sabin 3, Sabin 2, from 1959 until 1992. During that period, 90 cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) were reported, 52 of which were associated with Sabin 3-related virus (76% of VAPP cases with virologic data). Because of renewed interest in type 3 mOPV (mOPV3), molecular methods were used to reanalyze 18 of the Sabin 3-related isolates from 15 VAPP patients, confirming the original identification. All isolates had the U472C 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) substitution associated with reversion to neurovirulence, and from zero to seven nucleotide substitutions in the virus protein 1 (VP1) region. No evidence was found for prolonged mOPV3 replication in the VAPP patients or for spread of Sabin 3-related viruses beyond close vaccinee contacts. The VAPP diseases were prevented by a single dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine from 1992 to 2006 in Hungary, as proved by continuous surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis.

关键词： PICORNAVIRUSES   POLIOVIRUS   RNA viruses   REPRODUCTION   NUCLEOTIDE sequence   GENOMES  

摘要： A 3' poly(A) tail is a common feature of picornavirus RNA genomes and the RNA genomes of many other positive-strand RNA viruses. We examined the manner in which the homopolymeric poly(A) and poly(U) portions of poliovirus (PV) positive- and negative-strand RNAs were used as reciprocal templates during RNA replication. Poly(A) sequences at the 3' end of viral positive- strand RNA were transcribed into VPg-linked poly(U) products at the 5' end of negative-strand RNA during PV RNA replication. Subsequently, VPg-linked poly(U) sequences at the 5' ends of negative-strand RNA templates were transcribed into poly(A) sequences at the 3' ends of positive- strand RNAs. The homopolymeric poly(A) and poly(U) portions of PV RNA products of replication were heterogeneous in length and frequently longer than the corresponding homopolymeric sequences of the respective viral RNA templates. The data support a model of PV RNA replication wherein reiterative transcription of homopolymeric templates ensures the synthesis of long 3' poly(A) tails on progeny RNA genomes.

关键词： Pre-plasma cells   Plasmablast   IgA   Mucosal  

摘要： Systemic immunization can elicit a significant response of IgG producing activated B cell subsets in human blood, part of which is not toward the vaccine. However, the effect of vaccination on IgA antibody secreting B cell subsets has had limited investigation. We immunized healthy, adult volunteers with a tetanus/diphtheria vaccine and observed a significant burst of IgA-secreting pre-plasma cells (PPC). Isolated PPC produced IgG, but not IgA antibody to tetanus antigen, and produced IgA and IgG antibody specific for poliovirus and herpes simplex virus. Thus, a vaccine that generates a systemic recall response to tetanus also induces blood PPC secreting IgA and IgG antibody relevant to mucosal protection. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Poliovirus   2A(pro)   5 '-3 ' end interaction   PCBP   5 ' cloverleaf   3 ' poly(A) tail   RNA translation  

摘要： In this study, we showed that the 5'CL-PCBP complex, 3' poly(A) tail and viral protein 2A(pro) are all required for optimal translation of PV RNA. The 2A(pro)-mediated Stimulation of translation was observed in the presence or absence of both the 5'CL and the 3' poly(A) tail. Using protein-RNA tethering, we established that the 5'CL-PCBP complex is required for optimal viral RNA translation and identified the KH3 domain of PCBP2 as the functional region. We also showed that the 5'CL-PCBP complex and the 3' poly(A) tail stimulate translation independent of each other. In addition to the independent function of each element, the 5'CL and the 31 poly(A) tail function synergistically to Stimulate and prolong translation. These results are consistent with a model in which the 5'CL-PCBP complex interacts with the 3' poly(A)-PABP complex to form a 5'-3' circular complex that facilitates ribosome reloading and stimulates PV RNA translation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   RT-PCR   食品   参照分子  

摘要： 目的:建立食品中脊髓灰质炎病毒的RT-PCR检测体系。方法:在脊髓灰质炎病毒基因组2A区保守序列设计引物,建立同时适于3种血清型脊髓灰质炎病毒的检测方法,并对人工接种病毒的贝类(生蚝、文蛤)、蔬果(草莓、樱桃和生菜)和水样等实际样品进行检测。结果:基于构建的分别适于3种血清型脊髓灰质炎病毒检测的参照分子,确定所建立方法的检测下限可达50拷贝参照分子DNA。针对各种食品基质建立的脊髓灰质炎病毒富集、RNA提取和RT-PCR方法检测3种血清型病毒可达10RT-PCR单位(RTU)。结论:建立的RT-PCR检测体系可用于食品中脊髓灰质炎病毒的检测。

关键词： 急性弛缓性麻痹   手足口病   非脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒  

摘要： 目的探讨手足口病致急性弛缓性麻痹的临床特点。方法对15例手足口病伴急性弛缓性麻痹患儿进行临床观察,行头颅和脊髓磁共振检查及脑脊液、心肌酶检测。结果手足口病所致急性弛缓性麻痹多见于2岁以下儿童,麻痹前期可有皮疹,多呈单峰热,约86.67%的患者合并中枢神经系统受累(脑炎、脑膜炎、脑膜脑炎)。患儿瘫痪1周后,患肢运动功能开始恢复,住院期间可见到明显改善,轻症者1～2个月后恢复。结论手足口病合并中枢神经系统病变(86.67%),如脑炎、脑膜炎、脑膜脑炎等,较脊髓灰质炎更为常见。皮疹、心肌损害比例高于脊髓灰质炎,可能由于非脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒侵犯范围更广(包括皮肤、黏膜)有关。大部分手足口病患儿恢复早,预后好于脊髓灰质炎,可能是由于病理上组织炎症重于神经毒性所致。