关键词： 非脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒   分子生物学定型   病原谱  

摘要： 目的描述四川省2007～2008年急性弛缓性麻痹(Acute Flaccid Paralysis,AFP)病例监测中,分离到的部分非脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒(Nonpolio Enterovirus,NPEV)的型别特征,探讨AFP病例可能的病原谱。方法对四川省2007～2008年AFP病例中分离到的14株NPEV进行基因测序定型。结果测序结果经比较分析,确定肠道病毒(Enterovirus,EV)A组的柯萨奇病毒A组4、5、10型(Coxsackievirus Group A Type4、5、10,CVA4、CVA5、CVA10)和EV71型(Type71,EV71)各1株;EVB组的埃柯病毒(Enteric Cytopathogenic Human Orphan Virus,ECHO;引起细胞病变的人肠道孤儿病毒)6型(ECHO6)和30型(ECHO30)各3株,ECHO251株,CVA91株,CVB3和CVB5各1株。结论四川省2007～2008年AFP病例的病原谱可能包括多型别的NPEV。

关键词： 全球   脊髓灰质炎   疫苗   免疫接种  

摘要： 为给各成员国提供卫生政策方面的指导意见,世界卫生组织(WHO)对具有全球公共卫生影响的疾病预防的疫苗及联合疫苗问题,发布一系列定期更新的立场文件。这些文件着重关注疫苗在大规模免疫规划中的使用,归纳了各相关疾病与疫苗的基本背景信息,并就如何在全球使用这些疫苗表明了WHO的立场。[第一段]

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   小儿麻痹病毒   肠道病毒   流行性感冒疫苗   麻疹减毒活疫苗   乙型肝炎疫苗   病毒裂解疫苗   流行性乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗   中国疫苗和免疫   2010   卷第   目次   杂志  

关键词： 格林-巴利综合征   鉴别诊断   脊髓灰质炎病毒   肢体弛缓性瘫痪   小儿麻痹症   急性传染病   临床特点   肢体疼痛  

摘要： 脊髓灰质炎 脊髓灰质炎是由脊髓灰质炎病毒引起的急性传染病。临床特点为发热、咽痛、肢体疼痛,少数病例出现肢体弛缓性瘫痪。因本病多发于小儿,故称小儿麻痹症。潜伏期一般为7～14天,偶尔可较长。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎疫苗   世界卫生组织   免疫策略   意见书   疾病疫苗   卫生策略   联合疫苗   公共卫生  

摘要： 1前言世界卫生组织（WHO）有为各成员国提供卫生策略指导意见的职责,针对预防具有全球公共卫生影响疾病的疫苗及联合疫苗,发布一系列定期更新的立场文件。这些立场文件对免疫规划中使用的各相关疾病疫苗的基本背景信息进行了归纳。

关键词： .Paris France   Colbe   re-Garapin   PV infection   RYR  

摘要： We show that poliovirus (PV) infection induces an increase in cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) concentration in neuroblastoma IMR5 cells, at least partly through Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum lumen via the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) and ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels. This leads to Ca2+ accumulation in mitochondria through the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter and the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC). This increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration in PV-infected cells leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis.

关键词： Oral Poliovirus Vaccine   Phenotype   Genomics   Isolates   Determinants   Growth kinetics   Reversion   Growth curves   Neurovirulence   Mutation   Poliovirus Vaccines  

摘要： Attenuated strains of Sabin poliovirus vaccine replicate in the human gut and, in rare cases, may cause vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP). The genetic instability of Sabin strains constitutes one of the main causes of VAPP, a disease that is most frequently associated with type 3 and type 2 Sabin strains, and more rarely with type 1 Sabin strains. In the present study, the growth phenotype of eight oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) isolates (two non-recombinants and six recombinants), as well as of Sabin vaccine strains, was evaluated using two different assays, the reproductive capacity at different temperatures (Rct) test and the one-step growth curve test in Hep-2 cells at two different temperatures (37A degrees C and 40A degrees C). The growth phenotype of isolates was correlated with genomic modifications in order to identify the determinants and mechanisms of reversion towards neurovirulence. All of the recombinant OPV isolates showed a thermoresistant phenotype in the Rct test. Moreover, both recombinant Sabin-3 isolates showed significantly higher viral yield than Sabin 3 vaccine strain at 37A degrees C and 40A degrees C in the one-step growth curve test. All of the OPV isolates displayed mutations at specific sites of the viral genome, which are associated with the attenuated and temperature-sensitive phenotype of Sabin strains. The results showed that both mutations and recombination events could affect the phenotype traits of Sabin derivatives and may lead to the reversion of vaccinal strains to neurovirulent ones. The use of phenotypic markers along with the genomic analysis may shed additional light on the molecular determinants of the reversed neurovirulent phenotype of Sabin derivatives.

关键词： Poliovirus   Oral vaccine   Recombination   Serotype3   Response to vaccine   Transmissibility  

摘要： Aim of study. - Recombination is one of the major mechanisms of evolution in poliovirus. In this work, recombination was assessed in children during vaccination with OPV and among circulating vaccine strains isolated in Tunisia during the last 15 years in order to identify a possible role of recombination in the response to the vaccine or the acquisition of an increased transmissibility. Material and methods. - This study included 250 poliovirus isolates: 137 vaccine isolates, excreted by children during primary vaccination with OPV and 113 isolates obtained from acute flaccid paralytic (AFP) cases and healthy contacts. Recombination was first assessed using a double PCR-RFLP, and sequencing. Results. - Nineteen per cent of recombinant strains were identified: 20% of strains excreted by vaccinees among 18% of circulating strains. The proportion of recombinant in isolates of serotype I was very low in the two groups while the proportions of recombinants in serotypes 2 and 3 were different. In vaccinees, the frequency of recombinants in serotype3 decreased during the course of vaccination: 54% after the first dose, 32% after the second and 14% after the third dose. Conclusion. - These results suggest that recombination enhances the ability of serotype3 vaccine strains to induce an immune response. Apart from recent vaccination, it may contribute to a more effective transmissibility of vaccine strains among human population. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

关键词： Virus detection   ICC-PCR   Cell culture   Survival  

摘要： The goal of this study was to determine if a cytopathogenic effects (CPE) cell culture assay and an integrated cell culture PCR (ICC-PCR) assay would yield similar or different results when used to assess virus survival in water. Poliovirus type 1 was added to dechlorinated tapwater and stored at room temperature (22.5-24 degrees C) for a total of 50 days. Samples were assayed at defined time intervals by the most probable number (MPN) method on Buffalo green monkey kidney cells (BGM) by CPE and additionally by ICC-PCR. Monolayers that were CPE negative on first passage were passed onto fresh monolayers of cells for a second and third time if still negative. By CPE assay, second passage was observed to yield a greater titer (2,300 vs. 24,000 MPN/ml) and third passage also resulted in an increased titer. ICC-PCR proved to be a more rapid and sensitive method than conventional cell culture for determining virus inactivation rates in water. Poliovirus survived in tapwater for up to 32 days, as assessed by both third passage ICC-PCR and CPE. There was no statistical difference in the inactivation rates between the two methods. To determine the total number of infectious viruses, these findings indicate the need for performing three cell culture passages or, alternatively, ICC-PCR on first passage.

关键词： Poliomyelitis   Spinal cord   Anterior horn cells   MRI   Child  

摘要： Although acute flaccid paralysis is a manifestation observed in several neurologic and muscular disorders, vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) is an exceedingly rare etiology. In the clinical setting of acute flaccid paralysis, MRI is useful in differentiating between VAPP and other conditions. Additionally, MRI can assess the extent of lesions. However, reports on MRI findings in VAPP are scarce in the pediatric radiology literature. We report a Brazilian infant who developed VAPP 40 days after receiving the first dose of oral polio vaccine (OPV). MR images of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord showed lesions involving the anterior horn cell, with increased signal intensity on T2-weighted sequences. We would like to emphasize the importance of considering VAPP as a differential diagnosis in patients with acute flaccid paralysis and an MRI showing involvement of medulla oblongata or spinal cord, particularly in countries where OPV is extensively administered.