关键词： IPV   Adjuvant   Oil-in-water  

摘要： The use of inactivated poliovirus vaccines (IPV) will be required to achieve, world-wide eradication of polio. The current expense of IPV is however prohibitive for, some countries, and therefore efforts to decrease the costs of the vaccine are a high, priority. Our results show that the addition of oil-in-water emulsion adjuvants to an, inactivated trivalent poliovirus vaccine are dose-sparing and are capable of enhancing, neutralizing antibody titers in the rat potency model. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pulmonary Edema   Neurologic Symptom   Skin Rash   Mild Symptom   EV71 Infection  

摘要： Institut Pasteur International Network Annual Scientific Meeting Hong Kong 22-23 November 2010 Author details 1-Unit of Immune Regulation, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, PR ChinaEMPTY Supplemental Information:

关键词： Poliovirus   Transposon-mediated insertion mutagenesis   Viral protein tags   Protein structure   Enterovirus evolution  

摘要： Insertion of nucleotide sequences encoding "tags" that can be expressed in specific viral proteins during an infection is a useful strategy for purifying viral proteins and their functional complexes from infected cells and/or for visualizing the dynamics of their subcellular location over time. To identify regions in the poliovirus polyprotein that could potentially accommodate insertion of tags, transposon-mediated insertion mutagenesis was applied to the entire nonstructural protein-coding region of the poliovirus genome, followed by selection of genomes capable of generating infectious, viable viruses. This procedure allowed us to identify at least one site in each viral nonstructural protein, except protein 2C, in which a minimum of five amino acids could be inserted. The distribution of these sites is analyzed from the perspective of their protein structural context and from the perspective of virus evolution. Published by Elsevier Inc.

关键词： 急性弛缓性麻痹   脊髓灰质炎病毒   非脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒   脊灰疫苗相关株  

摘要： 目的分析海南省2005—2009年急性弛缓性麻痹（AcuteFlaccidParalysis，FP）病例及其密切接触者病原学监测结果，为维持无脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）状态提供病原学依据。方法按照世界卫生组织（WHO）规定的方法，用RDa和L20B细胞对AFP病例及其密切接触者的粪便进行病毒分离和鉴定。结果2005～2009年从AFP病例及其密切接触者966份粪便标本中分离到33株脊髓灰质炎病毒（PV）毒株，非脊灰肠道病毒（NPEV）196株；33株PV毒株中PVI型8株、PVⅡ型6株、PVⅢ型5株、PV混合型（Pmix）13株、PV＋NPEV混合株1株。所有PV毒株经中国疾病预防控制中心国家脊灰实验室进行型内鉴定，均为脊灰疫苗相关株。结论海南省2005～2009年AFP病例及其密切接触者中未发现脊灰疫苗衍生毒株（VDPV），且脊灰实验室监测系统各项监测指标都达到WHO的标准，表明海南省AFP病例的病原学监测敏感、高效。

关键词： 急性弛缓性麻痹病例   脊髓灰质炎病毒   肠道病毒  

摘要： 中国已进入无脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)证实阶段,做好急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例的病原学检测非常重要。内蒙古自治区于1992年开始AFP病例监测工作,1994年检出最后1例脊灰野病毒病例,现已连续16年元脊灰野病毒病例。为进一步总结经验,继续做好脊灰监测工作,本文分析了内蒙古自治区2000—2009年脊灰病原学监测结果,现报告如下。[第一段]

关键词： MESSENGER RNA   POLIOVIRUS   CARRIER proteins   VIRAL proteinases   CYTOPLASMIC granules  

摘要： Metazoan cells form cytoplasmic mRNA granules such as stress granules (SG) and processing bodies (P bodies) that are proposed to be sites of aggregated, translationally silenced mRNAs and mRNA degradation. Poliovirus (PV) is a plus-strand RNA virus containing a genome that is a functional mRNA;thus, we investigated if PV antagonizes the processes that lead to formation of these structures. We have previously shown that PV infection inhibits the ability of cells to form stress granules by cleaving RasGAP-SH3-binding protein (G3BP). Here, we show that P bodies are also disrupted during PV infection in cells by 4 h postinfection. The disruption of P bodies is more rapid and more complete than disruption of stress granules. The kinetics of P body disruption correlated with production of viral proteinases and required substantial viral gene product expression. The organizing mechanism that forms P body foci in cells is unknown;however, potential scaffolding, aggregating, or other regulatory proteins found in P bodies were investigated for degradation. Two factors involved in 5'-end mRNA decapping and degradation, Xrn1 and Dcp1a, and the 3' deadenylase complex component Pan3 underwent accelerated degradation during infection, and Dcp1a may be a direct substrate of PV 3C proteinase. Several other key factors proposed to be essential for P body formation, GW182, Edc3, and Edc4, were unaffected by poliovirus infection. Since deadenylation has been reported to be required for P body formation, viral inhibition of deadenylation, through Pan3 degradation, is a potential mechanism of P body disruption.

关键词： Acanthospermum australe   antiviral activity   herpesvirus   poliovirus   cytotoxicity  

摘要： Context: The Asteraceae family has been of interest to researchers due to the presence of polyphenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids, which demonstrated antiviral activity. Objective: The hydroethanol extract of the aerial parts of Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) Kuntze (Asteraceae) and its fractions, were evaluated in vitro for their potential cytotoxic and antiviral activity against bovine herpesvirus and human poliovirus. Materials and methods: The sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay were used to evaluate the capacity of the hydroethanol extract and fractions to inhibit the lytic activity of herpes and poliovirus in infected cell cultures and their influence on the viability of uninfected cell cultures. Results and discussion: A progressive increase in the antiviral effect against herpesvirus was observed in the course of the purification process of the extract. The hydroethanol extract had a 50% antiviral effective concentration (EC50) at 70 mu g/mL and 36 mu g/mL for herpes and poliovirus, respectively, and it exhibited no cytotoxicity. The fractions F3 (dichloromethane) and F4 (dichloromethane: ethyl acetate (1: 1 v/v)) both showed EC50 at 6.25 mu g/mL against herpesvirus, and these fractions showed cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) at 12.7 and 11.7 mu g/mL, respectively. These fractions had no effect against poliovirus in the concentrations tested. From the bioactive F3, a diterpene lactone (acanthoaustralide-1-O-acetate) was isolated at a concentration of 0.5% and from F4 two flavonoids (quercetin and chrysosplenol D) were isolated at concentrations of 0.14 and 0.24%, respectively. Conclusion: The present study reports for the first time the antiviral activity of extracts and fractions from A. australe aerial parts.

关键词： RNA synthesis   POLIOVIRUS   ELECTRON microscopy   CELL membranes   CONFORMATIONAL analysis   MIRIDAE  

摘要： After recognizing and binding to its host cell, poliovirus (like other nonenveloped viruses) faces the challenge of translocating its genome across a cellular membrane and into the cytoplasm. To avoid entanglement with the capsid, the RNA must exit via a single site on the virion surface. However, the mechanism by which a single site is selected (from among 60 equivalents) is unknown;and until now, even its location on the virion surface has been controversial. To help to elucidate the mechanism of infection, we have used single-particle cryoelectron microscopy and tomography to reconstruct conformationally altered intermediates that are formed by the poliovirion at various stages of the poliovirus infection process. Recently, we reported icosahedrally symmetric structures for two forms of the end-state 80S empty capsid particle. Surprisingly, RNA was frequently visible near the capsid;and in a subset of the virions, RNA was seen on both the inside and outside of the capsid, caught in the act of exiting. To visualize RNA exiting, we have now determined asymmetric reconstructions from that subset, using both single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomographic methods, producing independent reconstructions at similar to 50-angstrom resolution. Contrary to predictions in the literature, the footprint of RNA on the capsid surface is located close to a viral 2-fold axis, covering a slot-shaped area of reduced density that is present in both of the symmetrized 80S reconstructions and which extends by about 20 angstrom away from the 2-fold axis toward each neighboring 5-fold axis.

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎疫苗   强化免疫   Delphi法  

摘要： [目的]建立脊髓灰质炎疫苗(Oral Poliomyelitis Attenuated Live Vaccine,OPV)强化免疫筛选指标体系。[方法]采用文献分析和两轮Delphi专家咨询确立指标体系。运用协调程度、积极系数和权威系数对专家咨询的可靠性进行检验。[结果]两轮专家咨询积极系数为86.67%和83.78%,专家权威程度为0.751,专家意见的协调系数为0.539。建立了包含7个一级指标,25个二级指标组成的OPV强化免疫范围综合评价指标体系。[结论]专家咨询积极性较高,权威性、协调性较好。建立的评价指标体系可以较全面的对OPV强化免疫工作进行综合评价。

摘要： After entry into animal cells, most viruses hijack essential components involved in gene expression. This is the case of poliovirus, which abrogates cellular translation soon after virus internalization. Abrogation is achieved by cleavage of both eIF4GI and eIF4GII by the viral protease 2A. Apart from the interference of poliovirus with cellular protein synthesis, other gene expression steps such as RNA and protein trafficking between nucleus and cytoplasm are also altered. Poliovirus 2A(pro) is capable of hydrolyzing components of the nuclear pore, thus preventing an efficient antiviral response by the host cell. Here, we compare in detail poliovirus 2A(pro) with other viral proteins (from picornaviruses and unrelated families) as regard to their activity on key host factors that control gene expression. It is possible that future analyses to determine the cellular proteins targeted by 2A(pro) will uncover other cellular functions ablated by poliovirus infection. Further understanding of the cellular proteins hydrolyzed by 2A(pro) will add further insight into the molecular mechanism by which poliovirus and other viruses interact with the host cell.