关键词： 环境监测   脊髓灰质炎病毒  

摘要： 随着全球消灭脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)活动进入最后阶段,世界各地仍然面临脊灰病毒输入的风险,环境监测将为消灭脊灰监测提供技术支撑。

关键词： POLIO   POLIOVIRUS   MICROBIAL diversity   ENTEROVIRUSES   POLIOMYELITIS vaccine   JUVENILE diseases   TRANSMISSION  

摘要： The risk of importation and transmission of poliovirus strains to small susceptible groups within populations will remain until polio is eradicated globally. We investigated the circulation and biodiversity of enteroviruses in a group of children under 6 years of age with low vaccine coverage against polio. Only vaccine Sabin strains and viruses of the human enterovirus species B were isolated from the group. Evidence of inter-human circulation of Sabin strains was found.

关键词： antiviral   organotellurides   picornavirus   protease inhibitor   proteinase   tellurium  

摘要： The 3C proteinase, essential for human poliovirus (PV) replication, has unique characteristics as its three-dimensional structure resembles chymotrypsin, but its catalytic nucleophile is a cysteine SH group rather than the OH group of serine. Here, we describe the use of tellurium compounds as inhibitors of PV3C proteinase. A rapid, stoichiometric and covalent inactivation of PV3C was observed with both a chloro-telluroxetane and a bis-vinylic organotellurane. These compounds also inhibit human cathepsins B, L, S, and K with second order rate constants higher than those obtained for PV3C. Chloro-telluroxetane inhibits replication of PV in human embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma cells in the low micromolar range and below the toxic level for the host cells. Bis-vinylic organotellurane is more effective as antiviral agent but reduces the cell viability by 20% at 10 mM, a concentration almost completely inhibiting virus growth. This is the first description of inhibition of viral 3C proteinase with antiviral property by this class of compounds.

关键词： Codon Usage   Synonymous Codon   Codon Bias   Codon Usage Bias   Synonymous Codon Usage  

摘要： Background: Poliovirus, the causative agent of poliomyelitis, is a human enterovirus and a member of the family of Picornaviridae and among the most rapidly evolving viruses known. Analysis of codon usage can reveal much about the molecular evolution of the viruses. However, little information about synonymous codon usage pattern of polioviruses genome has been acquired to date. Methods: The relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) values, effective number of codon (ENC) values, nucleotide contents and dinucleotides were investigated and a comparative analysis of codon usage pattern for open reading frames (ORFs) among 48 polioviruses isolates including 31 of genotype 1, 13 of genotype 2 and 4 of genotype 3. Results: The result shows that the overall extent of codon usage bias in poliovirus samples is low (mean ENC = 53.754 > 40). The general correlation between base composition and codon usage bias suggests that mutational pressure rather than natural selection is the main factor that determines the codon usage bias in those polioviruses. Depending on the RSCU data, it was found that there was a significant variation in bias of codon usage among three genotypes. Geographic factor also has some effect on the codon usage pattern (exists in the genotype-1 of polioviruses). No significant effect in gene length or vaccine derived polioviruses (DVPVs), wild viruses and live attenuated virus was observed on the variations of synonymous codon usage in the virus genes. The relative abundance of dinucleotide (CpG) in the ORFs of polioviruses are far below expected values especially in DVPVs and attenuated virus of polioviruses genotype 1. Conclusion: The information from this study may not only have theoretical value in understanding poliovirus evolution, especially for DVPVs genotype 1, but also have potential value for the development of poliovirus vaccines.

关键词： 麻疹及脊灰疫苗   强化免疫   活动   评价  

摘要： 目的:评价曲阜市2010年麻疹及脊灰疫苗强化免疫效果,为消除麻疹和保持无脊灰状态提供依据。方法:对麻疹及脊灰疫苗强化免疫接种率、快速评估数据进行分析。结果:2010年曲阜市麻疹强化46594人次,接种率为98.53%,脊灰强化67015人次,接种率为98.39%。结论:曲阜市2010年麻疹及脊灰强化免疫效果显著,对实现2012年消除麻疹和继续保持无脊灰状态意义重大。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎疫苗   一次性注射器   袋装   预防接种门诊   包装袋   婴幼儿  

摘要： 在预防接种门诊，经常有婴幼儿及儿童需要口服脊髓灰质疫苗，而此疫苗1袋10粒包装，我科采用一次性注射器外包装袋作为容器分装脊髓灰质炎疫苗，效果满意，现介绍如下。

关键词： 吸附无细胞百白破疫苗   灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗   b型流感嗜血杆菌(结合)疫苗   联合疫苗   指南  

摘要： 百日咳、白喉、破伤风、脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）、b型流感嗜血杆菌（Haemophilus influenzae typeb，Hib）引起的感染性疾病是常见的严重危害人类健康，特别是儿童健康的传染病。预防接种是控制这五种疾病最经济、有效的措施，

关键词： Poliovirus   Seroepidemiological studies   India   Adult   Oral poliovirus vaccine   Immunity  

摘要： With the disappearance of circulating wild poliovirus and improved sanitation, protective antibody levels may wane over time following oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) administration. This study evaluated the seroprevalence of neutralising antibodies to vaccine polioviruses among young Indian women who had received at least three doses of OPV as primary immunisation. Of 60 women studied, 27 (45%) had antibody titres of <1:8 to one or more polioviruses, with the lowest levels for poliovirus types 3 and 1. These findings represent a possible immunity gap and this needs to be confirmed with further studies, which could include a challenge with vaccine virus. (C) 2010 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： viruses   polyethylenimine   microbicidal   antiviral surfaces   quaternary ammonium compounds   surface derivatization  

摘要： Coating surfaces with N-alkylated polyethylenimines (PEIs), namely branched N,N-hexyl,methyl-PEI via covalent attachment to glass or linear N, N-dodecyl, methyl-PEI by physical deposition ("painting'') onto polyethylene, enables the resultant materials to quickly and efficiently disinfect aqueous solutions of (non-enveloped) poliovirus and rotavirus. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 720-723. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： Pentavalent vaccine   China   Immunogenicity   Safety   Primary series  

摘要： The aim was to demonstrate the immunogenicity and safety of a DTaP-IPV//PRP-T combined vaccine (Pentaxim (R)) compared to individual vaccines in infants in the People's Republic of China. Infants (N=792) were randomly assigned to receive DTaP-IPV//PRP-T at 2, 3 and 4 months of age (Group A) or 3, 4 and 5 months of age (Group B), or DTaP (Wuhan Institute of Biological Products), PRP-T (Act-Hib (R)) and IPV (Imovax (R) Polio) at 3,4 and 5 months of age (Group C). Antibody titers were measured pre- and 1 month after the third vaccination;non-inferiority analyses were performed for seroprotection/seroconversion (SP/SC) rates. Safety was assessed 1 month after the primary series. SP/SC rates for the DTaP-IPV//PRP-T vaccine were high and non-inferior to the controls. Reactogenicity was low for each group and no hypotonic hyporesponsive episode or seizure was reported. In conclusion, the DTaP-IPV//PRP-T vaccine was highly immunogenic, non-inferior to the commercially available control vaccines and had a good safety profile for both primary administration schedules. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.