关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   粘连蛋白   肿瘤免疫   CD155   生物学特性   受体   灵长类  

摘要： CD155最早在1989年被Mendelsohn CL等学者发现并报道[1],它特定于灵长类谱系,在脊髓灰质炎病毒复制的第一步中充当其受体,被称为脊髓灰质炎病毒受体(poliovirus receptor,PVR);同时它作为粘连蛋白Nectin/Nectin样(nectin like,Necl)分子家族的一员,也被称为Necl-5[2]。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   疫苗   应用现状   研究进展  

摘要： 使用脊髓灰质炎口服减毒活疫苗(oral poliomyelitis vaccine,OPV)和灭活疫苗(inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine,IPV)的全球疫苗接种计划显著降低了脊髓灰质炎(简称脊灰)的发病率,世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)已宣布根除Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型脊灰野病毒。但在根除脊灰的最后阶段和之后的无脊灰世界中,这些疫苗或其生产构成了重大风险。鉴于此,国内外学者针对新型安全有效的脊灰疫苗进行了研究。本文对脊灰疫苗的应用现状及研究进展作一综述,旨在为研发新型疫苗及接种策略提供参考。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   新型冠状病毒肺炎   疫苗接种  

摘要： 自1988年世界卫生大会发起“全球消灭脊髓灰质炎行动”倡议以来,全球脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)防控工作已取得重要进展。但是疫苗相关麻痹型脊灰病例和疫苗衍生脊灰病毒相关病例的发生成为后脊灰时代的重要挑战。新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情给全球各国带来了严重的疾病负担和经济负担,但在全球共同抗击COVID-19的背景下亦不能忽视脊灰等常规疫苗可预防传染病的防控工作。本文以上海市发生的Ⅲ型VDPV循环事件为例,阐释COVID-19疫情防控下如何做好常规预防接种工作,严防疫苗可预防传染病的暴发流行。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒受体   CD155   胃癌   预后  

摘要： 目的探讨脊髓灰质炎病毒受体(PVR)对胃癌患者预后的价值。方法采用生物信息学方法分析PVR mRNA在胃癌组织及癌旁正常组织中的表达及其与预后的关系。回顾性分析73例接受手术治疗的胃癌患者的临床病理资料。采用免疫组化方法检测胃癌组织及癌旁正常组织中PVR的表达水平,分析其与胃癌患者临床病理特征的关系。结果胃癌组织中PVR mRNA的表达水平高于癌旁正常组织(P<0.05)。PVR的表达与胃癌患者的临床预后有关,PVR的表达越高,胃癌患者的总生存率(P=0.011)和无病生存率(P=0.032)越低。免疫组化染色结果显示,PVR在胃癌组织中高表达,主要表达于细胞质,而在正常胃组织中不表达或低表达。PVR的高表达与肿瘤大小(P=0.001)和术后3年复发(P=0.013)相关。结论 PVR在胃癌组织中过度表达,PVR高表达的胃癌患者预后较差。PVR水平对胃癌患者的预后评估具有重要价值。

关键词： Gyrotron   95 GHz waves   Coronavirus   Disinfection   Sterilization   Viral inactivation  

摘要： The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has raised the need of versatile means for virus decontamination. Millimeter waves are used in biochemical research in dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (DNP/NMR) spectroscopy. However, their efficiency in object decontamination for viruses has not been tested yet. Here we report the high efficiency of 95 GHz waves in killing both coronavirus 229E and poliovirus. An exposure of 2 s to 95 GHz waves reduced the titer of these viruses by 99.98% and 99.375%, respectively, and formed holes in the envelope of 229E virions as detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The ability of 95 GHz waves to reduce the coronavirus titer to a range of limited infective dose of SARS-CoV-2 for humans and animal models along with precise focusing capabilities for these waves suggest 95 GHz waves as an effective way to decontaminate objects.

关键词： Oral polio vaccine   Supplementary immunization activities   Immunization coverage  

摘要： Background: Polio eradication campaigns are intended to complement routine immunization. Studies addressing factors associated with campaign coverage are warranted to identify children missed by campaigns. Methods: Bandim Health Project runs demographic surveillance with registration of routine immunization and campaign participation data in urban Guinea-Bissau. We assessed coverage and factors associated with receiving campaign polio vaccines in children aged 0-35 months in two polio eradication campaigns conducted in 2017 and 2018 using univariate and multivariate regression models. Results: Campaign coverage reached 84% in 2017 and 88% in 2018. We found lower coverage among children of young and not formally educated mothers in univariate analyses;Children <9 months and Fula children had lower campaign coverage in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Conclusions: To increase campaign coverage in urban Guinea-Bissau attention may be directed at informing young mothers, mothers of young children, mothers without formal education, and the Fula ethnic group about campaigns. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// ***/licenses/by/4.0/).

关键词： 急性弛缓性麻痹   脊髓灰质炎病毒   病原学监测   鉴定   河南省  

摘要： 目的分析2020年河南省疑似急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)监测病例中实验室确诊感染脊髓灰质炎病毒(PV)的病毒型别,为维持"无脊灰野病毒(WPV)状态"制定科学的防控策略提供理论依据。方法按照《全国急性迟缓性麻痹(AFP)病例监测方案》的要求,对AFP标本进行病毒分离及序列核苷酸变异鉴定分析。结果共检测498例疑似AFP病例,其中3例(0.60%)分离出6株PV,其中Ⅰ型PV 2株,与脊灰疫苗株(Sabin株)相比,核苷酸VP1区发生变异的数量均为1;Ⅰ+Ⅲ型PV 4株,最大变异数分别为2、2、3和3。8例(1.61%)病例分离出非脊灰肠道病毒(NPEV),其中5例发生在11-12月份。结论2020年河南省分离出的PV均为Sabin相似株,毒株型别以Ⅰ+Ⅲ型为主,VP1区核苷酸序列以低变异为主,未发现WPV、疫苗衍生脊灰病毒及疫苗高变异脊灰病毒。PV及NPEV感染均以下半年为主。

关键词： 中华人民共和国药典   病毒疫苗   标准   黄热疫苗   狂犬病疫苗   脊髓灰质炎疫苗   通则  

摘要： 本文介绍了《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版三部中病毒性疫苗制品相关的增修订情况,主要内容包括品种收载情况及新增品种概述、增修订品种及通则情况以及共性增修订内容等。对增修订的特点及原因进行分析,并提出了对下一步工作的建议,便于相关从业人员更好地理解和执行《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   脊髓灰质炎疫苗   认知情况   问卷调查  

摘要： 目的了解云南省6岁以下婴幼儿家长对脊髓灰质炎(poliomyelitis,简称脊灰)及其疫苗接种认知现状,探讨消灭脊灰科普教育的有效方法。方法采用方便抽样方法选取云南省内24个社区卫生服务中心儿童疫苗接种点,对6岁以下婴幼儿家长进行问卷调查。结果发放问卷600份,回收有效问卷553份。接种医生为婴幼儿家长获取疫苗知识的主要来源(70.5%);在选择疫苗时,接种医生的建议是最大的影响因素(68.2%)。亲子关系、文化程度、家庭收入及家庭主要成员职业是否与医学相关等特征不同的儿童家长,选择疫苗时的影响因素不同。不同特征的婴幼儿家长对4方面的脊灰及其疫苗知识的回答正确率不同。是否会选择接种自费IPV,不同特征婴幼儿家长的选择有显著差异。选择自费IPV时,不同亲子关系、家庭月收入特征的家长在优先考虑因素差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论婴幼儿家长对脊灰及其疫苗接种认知情况存在差异,应根据家长情况及其需求,采取有针对性的科普教育方式,以提高家长对脊灰及其疫苗知识的认知,有助于我国维持无脊灰状态。

关键词： Poliovirus   Virus inactivation   Nucleic acid extraction   Containment  

摘要： The efforts of the Global Poliovirus Eradication Initiative (GPEI) have brought about the near elimination of poliovirus worldwide. The World Health Organization has issued guidelines for the safe handling and containment of infectious materials (IM) and potentially infectious materials (PIM) following poliovirus eradication. Inactivation of poliovirus in IM and PIM is needed to prevent inadvertent re-introduction of polioviruses posteradication. In this study, we investigated the use of guanidine thiocyanate-based nucleic acid extraction buffers from commercially available nucleic acid extraction kits to inactivate poliovirus in cell culture isolates and stool suspensions, two common types of poliovirus IM and PIM, respectively. Incubation with selected nucleic acid extraction buffers or extraction buffers supplemented with ethanol reduced the infectivity of hightiter wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), wild poliovirus type 3 (WPV3), Sabin 1 (SL1), and Sabin 3 (SL3) cell culture isolates below the limit of detection in CCID50 assays. Stool suspensions containing WPV1, WPV3, SL1, SL2, or SL3 were also inactivated by the extraction buffers tested. Blind passage of WPV1-spiked stool suspensions confirmed complete inactivation of WPV1 after incubation with extraction buffers. Moreover, treatment with a buffer consisting of 4 M guanidine thiocyanate with 30 % ethanol inactivated a high-titer WPV1 culture isolate and a WPV1-spiked stool suspension. Taken together, these results show that guanidine thiocyanate-based nucleic acid extraction buffers are an effective means of inactivating poliovirus IM and PIM, and thus will be instrumental in ensuring containment compliance and preventing potential re-emergence of contained polioviruses.