关键词： 口腔溃疡   脊髓灰质炎   疗效观察   疫苗治疗   植物神经功能紊乱   口腔黏膜疾病   减毒   胃肠功能障碍  

摘要： 口腔溃疡是一种常见的口腔黏膜疾病,其病因复杂,目前多认为与遗传、自身免疫、变态反应、体内铜锌比例失调、缺铁、微循环障碍、内分泌失调、植物神经功能紊乱、胃肠功能障碍、局部创伤与感染等多种因素有关,具有自限性,但其确切病因及发病机制至今仍不明确,属于祖国医学的＂口疮＂疾病范畴。目前临床尚无特效治疗药物和方法,常规治疗效果多不理想,

关键词： RNA-dependent RNA polymerase   RdRP   Inhibitor   Poliovirus   HTS   RNA  

摘要： Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) enzymes are essential for the replication of positive-strand RNA viruses and established targets for the development of selective antiviral therapeutics. In this work we have carried out a high-throughput screen of 154,267 compounds to identify poliovirus polymerase inhibitors using a fluorescence based RNA elongation assay. Screening and subsequent validation experiments using kinetic methods and RNA product analysis resulted in the identification of seven inhibitors that affect the RNA binding, initiation, or elongation activity of the polymerase. X-ray crystallography data show clear density for five of the compounds in the active site of the poliovirus polymerase elongation complex. The inhibitors occupy the NTP binding site by stacking on the priming nucleotide and interacting with the templating base, yet competition studies show fairly weak IC(50) values in the low mu M range. A comparison with nucleotide bound structures suggests that weak binding is likely due to the lack of a triphosphate group on the inhibitors. Consequently, the inhibitors are primarily effective at blocking polymerase initiation and do not effectively compete with NTP binding during processive elongation. These findings are discussed in the context of the polymerase elongation complex structure and allosteric control of the viral RdRP catalytic cycle. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine   Pneumococcal vaccination   Infants  

摘要： Two randomized trials of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) relative to PCV7 evaluated the immune responses of coadministered antigens comprising Infanrix (R) hexa/Infanrixe (R)-IPV + Hib (diphtheria, tetanus, 3-component acellular pertussis, hepatitis B, inactivated poliovirus, and Haemophilus influenzae type b). After the 3-dose infant series, immunogenic noninferiority was demonstrated for all concomitantly administered antigens between the PCV13 and PCV7 groups. All antigens elicited good booster responses after the toddler dose except pertussis toxoid;however, 99.6% subjects achieved pertussis toxoid protective antibody level >= 5 EU/mL in both groups. These results support the concomitant administration of PCV13 and Infanrix hexa/Infanrix-IPV + Hib as part of routine immunization schedules. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Polio vaccine   Monovalent type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine   Immunogenicity   Controlled trial   Birth dose  

摘要： Background: To provide the polio eradication initiative with more immunogenic oral poliovirus vaccines (OPVs), we evaluated newly developed monovalent type 1 OPV (mOPV1) among infants in India. Methods: Two double-blind randomized controlled clinical trials compared two mOPV1s (mOPV1 A and mOPV1 B) versus trivalent OPV (tOPV X) given at birth (trial I), or assessed two products of higher-potency mOPV1 (mOPV1 C and mOPV1 D) versus regular-potency mOPV1 (mOPV1 B) or tOPV Y given at birth and at 30 days (trial II). Results: In trial I, 597 newborns were enrolled, 66 withdrawn or excluded, leaving 531 (88.9%) subjects for analysis. Seroconversion to poliovirus type 1 was 10.4% for mOPV1 A, 15.6% for mOPV1 B and 10.2% for tOPV X. In trial II, 718 newborns were enrolled, 135 withdrawn or excluded, leaving 583 (81.2%) subjects for analysis. Seroconversion to poliovirus type 1 following a birth dose was 15.1%, 19.7%, 18.0% and 10.6%, following the 30-day dose 87.1%, 89.2%, 84.4%, or 55.9%, and cumulative for both doses 90.4%, 90.3%, 89.5% and 61.9% for mOPV1s B, C, and D and tOPV V. respectively. Conclusions: In both studies, seronconversion rates were unexpectedly low to poliovirus type 1 after mOPV1 or tOPV given at birth but high for all formulations of mOPV1 given at age 30 days. The cause for low immunogenicity of OPV at birth in India is not known. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vaccine   Cold chain   Controlled temperature chain (CTC)   Vaccine vial monitor (VVM)   Polio   Oral polio vaccine (OPV)   Campaign   Chad   Africa   Immunization   Immunization logistics  

摘要： This study is the first systematic documentation of the potency of monovalent oral polio vaccine type 3 (mOPV3) kept at ambient temperatures during a polio immunization campaign in Chad. During the study test vials were exposed to temperatures of up to 47.1 degrees C, and kept outside of the 2-8 degrees C range for a maximum of 86.9 hours. Post-campaign laboratory testing confirmed that the test vials were still potent, and in conformity with the defined release specifications. Further, the Vaccine Vial Monitors performed as expected, giving an early warning indication of when cumulative exposure to heat reached levels that may have negatively affected the vaccine's potency. This study provides proof-of-concept evidence that certain types of OPV remain potent and thus can be kept, for limited periods of time, as well as administered at ambient temperatures. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 联合疫苗   免疫原性   安全性   基础免疫   加强免疫  

摘要： 目的比较吸附无细胞百白破灭活脊髓灰质炎和b型流感嗜血杆菌（结合）联合疫苗（DTaP—IPV／／PRP～T联合疫苗）与吸附无细胞百白破联合疫苗（DTaP）、b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗（Hib结合疫苗）、注射用灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗（IPV）的免疫原性和安全性。方法受试者随机分为三组。试验组（A组和B组）分别于2、3、4月龄和3、4、5月龄接种DTaP—IPV／／PRP～T联合疫苗，对照组（C组）于3、4、5月龄分别同时接种DTaP、Hib结合疫苗和IPV；3个组均在18～20月龄时加强接种一次。检测每种抗原的抗体滴度，并分别对A、B组与C组的血清保护率／血清转换率进行非劣效性检验。记录每次接种后的安全性数据，并评价疫苗的安全性。结果***／／PRP～T联合疫苗采用2、3、4月龄或者3、4、5月龄接种程序相对于DTaP、Hib结合疫苗和IPV在基础免疫及18～20月龄的加强免疫，对每种抗原的血清保护率／血清转换率均为非劣效；接种DTaP—IPV／／PRP～T联合疫苗后安全性良好，并与对照疫苗相似。结论DTaP—IPV／／PRP～T联合疫苗对中国婴幼儿具有很高的免疫原性和良好的安全性，并与对照疫苗具有可比性。

关键词： adverse effects   poliomyelitis   poliovirus vaccine, oral  

摘要： Historical records of patients with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) in Hungary during 1961-1981 were reviewed to assess the risk of VAPP after oral polio vaccine (OPV) administration. A confirmed VAPP case was defined as a diagnosis of paralytic poliomyelitis and residual paralysis at 60 days in a patient with an epidemiologic link to the vaccine. Archived poliovirus isolates were retested using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the viral protein 1 capsid region. This review confirmed 46 of 47 cases previously reported as VAPP. Three cases originally linked to monovalent OPV (mOPV) 3 and one case linked to mOPV1 presented after administration of bivalent OPV 1 + 3 (bOPV). The adjusted VAPP risk per million doses administered was 0.18 for mOPV1 (2 cases/11.13 million doses), 2.96 for mOPV3 (32 cases/10.81 million doses), and 12.82 for bOPV (5 cases/390,000 doses). Absence of protection from immunization with inactivated poliovirus vaccine or exposure to OPV virus from routine immunization and recent injections could explain the higher relative risk of VAPP in Hungarian children. In polio-endemic areas in which mOPV3 and bOPV are needed to achieve eradication, the higher risk of VAPP would be offset by the high risk of paralysis due to wild poliovirus and higher per-dose efficacy of mOPV3 and bOPV compared with trivalent OPV.

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   疫苗   扁平疣  

摘要： 目的观察口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗联合外用干扰素软膏治疗扁平疣的临床疗效、安全性及复发率。方法选取扁平疣患者116例，随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组60例，采用脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗口服，12岁以下儿童1粒／次，12—18岁2粒／次，18岁以上3彬次，1次／周，连服3周，未治愈者停药1月后再连服3周，同时用干扰素软膏外敷皮疹，4次／d；对照组56例，单用干扰素软膏外敷皮疹4；L／d。连用3个月。结果3个月观察疗效，治疗组痊愈率61．67％，对照纽为28．57％，治疗组明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。6个月观察复发情况，治疗组中无复发，对照组复发率为18．75％，两组复发率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。服糖丸者未发现不良反应。结论口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗联合外用干扰素软膏治疗扁平疣较单独外用干扰素软膏疗效显著，复发率低，未发现不良反应。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗   接种  

摘要： 目前,在我国使用的脊髓灰质炎疫苗为糖丸剂型,相对液体疫苗生产成本低、易于全面使用。糖丸疫苗以喂服方式接种,但糖丸因冷冻而坚硬,小儿咽不下,按照中国卫生部印发的《计划免疫技术管理规程》(1998年版)第4章的规定:"月龄小的儿童,喂服糖丸疫苗时可将疫苗碾碎,放入药匙内,加少许凉开水溶解成糊状服用或将糖丸疫苗溶于5mL凉开水中,使其完全溶化口服咽下。"[1]

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎后综合征   脊髓灰质炎   诊断   电生理学  

摘要： 目的探讨脊髓灰质炎后综合征(PPS)的临床特点及诊断思路。方法总结3例PPS患者的临床资料及随访结果,并复习相关文献。结果 3例患者均中年起病,既往有脊髓灰质炎病史,在长达30余年的稳定期后出现了新的肌无力、肌萎缩及疲劳现象,经临床及电生理学检查排除了其他神经肌肉疾病而诊断为PPS,随访7年病情相对平稳。结论 PPS是一种少见的、缓慢进展的临床综合征,诊断时需要排除其他神经肌肉疾病。PPS目前无特效治疗,总体预后良好。