关键词： 手足口病   肠道病毒71型   随访研究   急性弛缓性瘫痪  

摘要： 目的研究手足口病患儿中合并急性弛缓性瘫痪（AFP）的临床特征和影像学改变，探讨这类非脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒71型（EV71）相关性AFP的发生演变过程。方法对我院2011年5至8月收治手足口病患儿中合并AFP者进行临床观察和影像学检查及随访，进行早期强化康复治疗，评价疗效，根据早期强化康复后肌力是否恢复4级分为康复组和后遗症组，分析临床特征在两组问的差别，寻找影响预后的因素。应用SPSSl0．0统计包对组间差异进行独立样本的t检验和X。检验。结果16例AFP患儿7例最重的瘫痪肢体肌力达到0级，14例非0级瘫痪肢体合并出现踝阵挛，8例恢复满意（康复组），8例遗留后遗症（后遗症组），最初肌力是否0级（0例VS7例，X2=12．4）、最初腱反射是否消失（2例VS8例，X2=9．6），肌肉是否明显萎缩（0例VS8例，X2=16）在两组间差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．01）。起病1周内行磁共振成像（MRI）检查可见脊髓腹侧内和脑干背侧异常信号且有强化，1周后查则无强化改变，1个月后复查病灶更清晰。结论非脊髓灰质炎EV71感染所致的AFP常常同时合并上运动神经元损害，由于病初瘫痪程度和前角损害严重性的不同，完全恢复或残留后遗瘫痪。MRI的随访有助于了解AFP的病理过程。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   监测报告   急性弛缓性麻痹   脊灰野病毒   世界卫生组织   监测系统   粪便标本   标准化  

摘要： 全球消灭脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）计划按照标准化的监测系统，监测并调查〈15岁出现急性弛缓性麻痹（Acute Flaccid ***）的儿童，以保证世界卫生组织（WHO）认证的实验室及时检出粪便标本中的脊灰野病毒（Wild Poliovirus，WPV）。

关键词： types of poliovirus   neutralizing antibodies   children   Maiduguri   Nigeria  

摘要： The milestone in polio eradication program is to protect effectively children aged 05 years against the three serotypes of poliovirus. It became necessary to measure the level of neutralizing antibodies to the three poliovirus types in an endemic State in Nigeria. Neutralizing antibodies to the poliovirus types among children aged 05 years was estimated using micro neutralization assay. Of 129 children, 99 (76.8%), 95 (73.6%), and 95 (73.6%) had neutralizing antibodies with the geometric mean titer of 42.7, 31.3, and 33.2 for the poliovirus type 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Fifty-three percent of the children were protected against the three types of poliovirus. Combination of poliovirus types 1 and 2, 1 and 3, and 2 and 3 were neutralized by 62.8, 58.9, and 61.2% of the children studied, respectively. Only poliovirus type 1 induced antibody titres =1:1,024. The number of children with neutralizing antibodies after receiving three doses was significantly higher than those who received one or two doses of oral polio vaccine (P=0.05). However, those who received more than three doses of oral polio vaccine showed no significant difference in their antibody response. The existence of immunity gap poses a risk of re-emergence of the paralytic poliovirus. The existence of unimmunized and unprotected children along with high birth rate could impede the success of polio vaccination in Nigeria. Elimination of non-compliance to polio vaccine, promotion of health education and documented evidence of vaccination of each child with the parents may facilitate the success of polio eradication program in Nigeria. J. Med. Virol. 84:691696, 2012. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： INFLUENZA viruses   RESEARCH   AMMONIUM compounds   POLIOVIRUS   NOROVIRUSES   VIRAL variation  

摘要： Virucidal activity of immobilized quaternary ammonium compounds (IQACs) coated onto glass and plastic surfaces was tested against enveloped influenza A (H1N1) virus and nonenveloped poliovirus Sabin1. The IQACs tested were virucidal against the influenza virus within 2 min, but no virucidal effect against poliovirus was found in 6 h.

关键词： Cold chain   oral polio vaccine   vaccine potency- vaccine vial monitors  

摘要： Background & objectives: Stabilized live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) is used to immunize children up to the age of five years to prevent poliomyelitis. It is strongly advised that the cold-chain should be maintained until the vaccine is administered. It is assumed, that vaccine vial monitors (VVMs) are reliable at all temperatures. VVMs are tested at 37 degrees C and it is assumed that the labels reach discard point before vaccine potency drops to >0.6 log10. This study was undertaken to see if VVMs were reliable when exposed to high temperatures as can occur in field conditions in India. Methods: Vaccine vials with VVMs were incubated (10 vials for each temperature) in an incubator at different temperatures at 37, 41, 45 and 49.5 degrees C. Time-lapse photographs of the VVMs on vials were taken hourly to look for their discard-point. Results: At 37 and 41 degrees C the VVMs worked well. At 45 degrees C, vaccine potency is known to drop to the discard level within 14 h whereas the VVM discard point was reached at 16 h. At 49.5 degrees C the VVMs reached discard point at 9 h when these should have reached it at 3 h. Conclusion: Absolute reliance cannot be placed on VVM in situation where environmental temperatures are high. Caution is needed when using 'outside the cold chain' (OCC) protocols.

关键词： 疫苗   灰质   脊髓   中国   父亲   母亲   孩子  

摘要： 顾方舟教授,原籍浙江宁波。1926年6月16日生于上海。父亲顾国光,毕业于东吴大学,后在某海关任职,1931年因病在天津去世,时年36岁,留下四子一弟。父亲去世后,家庭陷入极其困难的境地。他母亲当时年仅32岁,如何养活这5个孩子？母亲周瑶琴是一位意志坚强的妇女,她拒绝了别人让她改嫁的劝告,决心学一门手艺来养活这几个孩子。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎疫苗   接种   过敏反应  

摘要： 1.病例报告患儿,男,2011年8月17日出生,根据计划免疫程序于2011年10月20日上午赴辖区社区卫生服务中心如实回答工作人员询问,该患儿已添加配方奶粉且无过敏史后,于10时05分服用脊髓灰质炎糖丸1粒。产地:北京天坛生物制品有限公司,批号:20101030,有效期:2012-10-27,随即回家。10时15分患儿哭吵不安,颜面及颈部皮肤出现大片风团块。

关键词： 小儿病毒性心肌炎   临床治疗   微小核糖核酸病毒   脊髓灰质炎病毒   呼吸道合胞病毒   护理   上呼吸道感染   病毒感染  

摘要： 小儿病毒性心肌炎（viralmyocarditis，VM）是由各种病毒感染所引起的心肌急性或慢性症状，为小儿时期较常见的心脏病^[1]。其中以引起肠道和上呼吸道感染的委员长病毒感染最多见。肠道病毒为微小核糖核酸病毒，其中柯萨奇、埃可（ECHO）、脊髓灰质炎病毒为致心肌炎的主要病毒；粘病毒如流感、副流感、呼吸道合胞病毒等引起的心肌炎也不少见；

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   脊灰疫苗高变异株   流行病学调查  

摘要： 目的阐述1例来北京市就诊的脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)疫苗病毒高变异株病例的流行病学调查与分析。方法对疫情开展病例个案调查、排毒监测、病毒传播的风险评估,参考《高危和聚集性AFP病例调查指南》要求,对病例进行消毒和隔离。结果 2010年7月,北京市从1例江西省来京就诊的急性弛缓性麻痹病例中分离到脊灰病毒,经国家脊灰实验室核苷酸序列测定为Ⅲ型脊灰疫苗病毒高变异株。患儿曾在原籍口服一剂脊灰减毒活疫苗(OPV),但接种过程不规范。结论该病例最终经专家小组分类诊断为疫苗相关麻痹型脊灰病例,通过采取相关措施,最终控制了疫情的蔓延。

关键词： VIRAL replication   POLIOVIRUS   CANCER cells   VIRULENCE (Microbiology)   TUMORS in animals   VIRAL proteins   RHINOVIRUSES   CHIMERISM   VACCINATION   KRA  

摘要： A dependence of poliovirus on an unorthodox translation initiation mode can be targeted selectively to drive viral protein synthesis and cytotoxicity in malignant cells. Transformed cells are naturally susceptible to poliovirus, due to widespread ectopic upregulation of the poliovirus receptor, Necl-5, in ectodermal/neuroectodermal cancers. Viral tumor cell killing and the host immunologic response it engenders produce potent, lasting antineoplastic effects in animal tumor models. Clinical application of this principle depends on unequivocal demonstration of safety in primate models for paralytic poliomyelitis. We conducted extensive dose-range-finding, toxicity, biodistribution, shedding, and neutralizing antibody studies of the prototype oncolytic poliovirus recombinant, PVS-RIPO, after intrathalamic inoculation in Macaca fascicularis. These studies suggest that intracerebral PVS-RIPO inoculation does not lead to viral propagation in the central nervous system (CNS), does not cause histopathological CNS lesions or neurological symptoms that can be attributed to the virus, is not associated with extraneural virus dissemination or replication and does not induce shedding of virus with stool. Intrathalamic PVS-RIPO inoculation induced neutralizing antibody responses against poliovirus serotype 1 in all animals studied.