关键词： Aseptic meningitis   cerebrospinal fluid   cell culture   Real time PCR   non-polio EV  

摘要： Human enteroviruses (EV) cause a wide spectrum of both common and uncommon illnesses among all age groups. Enterically transmitted. The objective of this study was to identify non- poliovirus EV as a cause of viral aseptic meningitis (VAM) by two methods (cell culture and Real time PCR). From October 2010 to August 2011 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from 85 patients Embaba fever hospital admitted with symptoms of aseptic meningitis of any age and both sexes. The 85 CSF samples were inoculated into RD (human rhabdomyosarcoma) cell line in three blind passages to amplify isolates producing EV-like CPE. A total of 14 (16.5%) out of 85 CSF samples showed EV-like CPE. By Real time PCR 11 out of the 14 culture positive samples and 5 out of the 14 source of virus isolation original CSF were non polio EV positive. The frequency of non-polio EV meningitis hospital admissions was in the summer season (50%), spring (25%), late autumn (16.6%) and least frequency in winter (8.4%). non-polio EV meningitis was detected in 6 out of 41 male patients (14.5%) and in 6 out of 44 female patients (13.5%). Also non-polio EV meningitis was detected in all ages with marked increase of incidence in young children (41.6%) and old age (50%) and less in adult (8.4%).. In conclusion Our data showed that the non-polioviruses EV was associated with the majority of VAM during 2010 – 2011 at the Embaba fever hospital which serves Embaba, Shoubra Elkheema, Qualyba and neighbors localities in Egypt. Rapid detection of non-polio EV meningitis is essential for making decisions about patient management and treatment.

关键词： Primary immunodeficiency   Common variable immune deficiency   CVID   Vaccine derived polio virus   VDPV  

摘要： Background: The Global Polio Eradication Initiative, established in 1988, has made substantial progress toward achieving this target, with only 3 countries never having eliminated wild poliovirus. Persons with primary immune deficiency disorders (PIDD) exposed to OPV are at increased risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) and of prolonged excretion of Sabin polioviruses. However, the risk for prolonged excretion is not known. Therefore, we studied the prevalence of PIDD with long-term poliovirus excretion in Sri Lanka, a middle income country currently using OPV. Methods: We stimulated the referral of patients under the age of 35 years, with clinical features suggestive of immune deficiency to the single immunology clinic in the country, where these patients were investigated for the presence of PIDD. Stool samples from patients with PIDD were cultured for the presence of poliovirus (PV). Poliovirus isolates were tested for intratypic differentiation (ITD). The VP1 region of all poliovirus isolates was sequenced. Results: Of 942 patients investigated, 51(5.4%) were diagnosed with PIDD. Five (10.2%) patients excreted poliovirus. A patient with X linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) excreted a mixture of all three Sabin like (SL) poliovirus serotypes. One patient with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) excreted SL type 2, and another with SCID excreted SL type 3. One patient with SCID excreted a P2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV 2), and another with common variable immune deficiency (CVID) excreted a VDPV 3. The 3 patients with SCID died before scheduled collection of subsequent samples one month later, while the patient with XLA had cleared the virus in stool sample collected after 3 and 11 months. The CVID patient with VDPV 3 excreted for 7 months, and has developed a 23 nucleotide divergence in VP1 (similar to 900 nucleotides) from the parental Sabin virus. Conclusions: In our study, several patients with SCID, XLA and CVID excreted poliovirus

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   非脊灰肠道病毒   疫苗高变异株  

摘要： 目的评价重庆市2008-2011年急性驰缓性麻痹(AFP)病例监测运转情况。方法按照《脊灰病毒检验手册》操作规程进行病毒分离与鉴定,由国家脊灰实验室用PCR-RFLP法和ELISA法对分离到的脊灰病毒株进行型内鉴定。结果从307例AFP病例粪便标本中分离到脊灰病毒(PV)10株,分离率为3.26%,其中脊灰Ⅱ型5株,Ⅲ型3株,PV混合2株,Ⅱ型为我市的主要型别占50.00%,其次是Ⅲ型、PV混合型分别占30.00%、20.00%。所有PV经国家脊灰实验室进行型内鉴定,有9株为疫苗相关株,另外有1株Ⅱ型有6个核苷酸序列变异,鉴定为疫苗高变异株。分离非脊灰肠道病毒(NPEV)26株,分离率为8.47%。结论重庆市2008-2011年急性驰缓性麻痹病例中未发现脊灰野病毒,维持了无脊灰状态。在实现无脊灰目标后,仍应加强AFP病例的病毒学监测工作,以确保最终实现全球消灭脊灰的目标。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗糖丸   一次性注射器   冷冻保存   贮存条件   婴幼儿  

摘要： 脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗糖丸（下称糖丸）需口服，由于其贮存条件是在-20℃以下即属于冷冻保存，所以服用时常因为刚从冷冻室取出质地较硬很难溶化，造成婴幼儿喂服困难。我科采用一次性注射器喂服糖丸，效果较好，介绍如下。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎疫苗   知识   态度   行为  

摘要： 目的了解免疫规划专业人员对脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)疫苗的知识、态度、行为,为我国调整消灭脊灰后时代维持无脊灰状态的脊灰疫苗免疫策略提供参考。方法 在31个省(自治区、直辖市,下同)333个设区的市(地区、州、盟,下同)300个县(区、市、旗,下同)疾病预防控制中心,对842名免疫规划专业人员进行了自填式问卷调查,在5个省进行了专题小组访谈。结果接受调查的免疫规划专业人员对口服脊灰减毒活疫苗和灭活脊灰病毒疫苗的认知正确率为58%,对两种疫苗序贯免疫程序认知正确率为59%,对疫苗相关麻痹型脊灰和疫苗衍生脊灰病毒的认知正确率为82%。结论免疫规划专业人员对两种疫苗的认知程度有待提高。加强对脊灰疫苗的使用指导与管理,避免影响脊灰疫苗接种率。

关键词： 小儿麻痹后遗症   脊髓灰质炎病毒   急性传染病  

摘要： 病症分析 本病是由于脊髓灰质炎病毒引起的急性传染病后遗症。一年四季均可发病，这种病常可致残，甚至危及生命。

关键词： 口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗   监测分析   抗体水平   宜昌市   健康人群   脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗   酶联免疫吸附试验   强化免疫日活动  

摘要： 宜昌市白1993年以来，在全市范围内对0—47月龄儿童在口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）常规免疫的基础上开展了七次十四轮强化免疫日活动及查漏补服活动，为了解宜昌市近年来儿童脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗接种后的免疫水平，于2010年采用酶联免疫吸附试验的方法对1—13岁3个年龄组共计507人进行脊髓灰质炎疫苗抗体水平监测。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎后综合征   诊断   电生理学  

摘要： 目的:探讨脊髓灰质炎后综合征(PPS)的临床表现及电生理结果,分析其发病机制及危险因素。方法:总结2例PPS患者的临床资料并复习相关文献。结果:2例患者均中年起病,既往有脊髓灰质炎病史,在长达30年余的稳定期后出现了新的肌无力、肌萎缩和疲劳症状,经临床及电生理检查排除其他神经肌肉疾病后诊断为PPS。结论:PPS是一种感染脊髓灰质炎后出现的缓慢进展性运动神经元综合征,目前无特效治疗方法。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗   接种率   脊髓灰质炎病毒   监测  

摘要： 目的了解云南省与缅甸接壤边境地区,人群口服脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)减毒活疫苗(OralPoliom yelitis Attenuated Live Vaccine,OPV)接种情况,监测脊灰病毒(Poliovirus,PV)流行情况,为维持无脊灰提供参考。方法 在与缅甸接壤的边境6个设区的市(州)中,随机选择保山市、德宏傣族景颇族自治州、临沧市,每个市(州)选择3个县,采用容量比例概率抽样方法 ,对适龄儿童开展OPV接种率调查,采集健康儿童粪便标本和外环境水样标本,开展PV监测。结果 3个县适龄儿童OPV常规免疫和加强免疫接种率均>95%,在健康人群和外环境中未发现脊灰野病毒和疫苗衍生脊灰病毒。结论云南省与缅甸接壤边境地区目前仍维持无脊灰状态,应继续加强脊灰监测和OPV免疫。