关键词： Erythrocyte protein band-4.1-like 3   follicular growth   granulosa   poliovirus receptor   regulator of G-protein signaling-11  

摘要： Poliovirus receptor (PVR), regulator of G-protein signaling-11 (RGS11), and erythrocyte protein band-4.1-like 3 (EPB41L3) have been proposed to function in follicular maturation in mouse models. We have examined their expression in human mural (mGCs) and cumulus granulosa cells (CCs). Expression of PVR and RGS11 in mGCs decreased in medium-sized follicles compared to small follicles of IVM cycles and increased again in large follicles. Luteinization caused decreased expression of both PVR and RGS11. In vitro incubation of mGCs with progesterone-rich conditioned media decreased expression of RGS11 without affecting PVR levels. Inhibition of progesterone signaling enhanced expression of both RGS11 and PVR. Expression in CCs was examined by means of global transcriptome sequencing analysis RGS11 and EPB41L3 increased in CCs during follicular maturation while PVR levels did not change. In conclusion, during human follicular maturation there are significant changes in expression of PVR, RGS11 and EPB41L3, possibly regulated by progesterone.

关键词： Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)   Poliovirus (PV)   Amiloride   VPg   VPg uridylylation   RNA replication complex   (-) strand RNA   (+) strand RNA  

摘要： The mechanism of amiloride inhibition of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and poliovirus type 1 (PV1) RNA replication was investigated using membrane-associated RNA replication complexes. Amiloride was shown to inhibit viral RNA replication and VPgpUpU synthesis. However, the drug had no effect on polymerase elongation activity during either (-) strand or (+) strand synthesis. These findings indicated that amiloride inhibited the initiation of RNA synthesis by inhibiting VPg uridylylation. In addition, in silico binding studies showed that amiloride docks in the VPg binding site on the back of the viral RNA polymerase, 3D(pol). Since VPg binding at this site on PV1 3D(pol) was previously shown to be required for VPg uridylylation, our results suggest that amiloride inhibits VPg binding to 3D(pol). In summary, our findings are consistent with a model in which amiloride inhibits VPgpUpU synthesis and viral RNA replication by competing with VPg for binding to 3D(pol). (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： CEACAM2   PVR   Sertoli cells   phagocytosis   spermatids   spermatogenesis  

摘要： The removal of excess cytoplasm from elongated spermatids by Sertoli cells is the last essential step in spermatogenesis. It requires cell-to-cell recognition between a Sertoli cell and an elongating spermatid through protein-protein interactions. CEACAM2-L, an adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), is present at the plasma membrane covering the excess cytoplasm of elongated spermatids, and is possibly involved in the cell-to-cell recognition. In this study, we investigated the interaction between CEACAM2-L and Poliovirus receptor (PVR), which is also from the IgSF and is expressed by Sertoli cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that CEACAM2-L expressed on elongated spermatids was in close contact with PVR-positive cell processes of Sertoli cells. Immunoprecipitation experiments both in vivo and in vitro demonstrated a direct heterophilic interaction between CEACAM2-L and PVR. We show that the N-terminal Ig domain of CEACAM2-L was critical for its interaction with PVR. In addition, we found that CEACAM2-L formed heterophilic trans-tetramers with PVR in transfected COS-7 cells. From these data, we propose that Sertoli cells recognize the excess cytoplasm of elongated spermatids through the PVR-CEACAM2-L interaction in mouse testis.

关键词： POLIO   VACCINATION   INACTIVATED oil adjuvant vaccines   FECES -- Analysis   FISHER exact test   INTESTINAL mucosa   IMMUNITY   CONTROL groups (Research)  

摘要： Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is efficacious against paralytic disease, but its effect on mucosal immunity is debated. We assessed the efficacy of IPV in boosting mucosal immunity. Participants received IPV, bivalent 1 and 3 oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV), or no vaccine. A bOPV challenge was administered 4 weeks later, and excretion was assessed 3, 7, and 14 days later. Nine hundred and fifty-four participants completed the study. Any fecal shedding of poliovirus type 1 was 8.8, 9.1, and 13.5% in the IPV group and 14.4, 24.1, and 52.4% in the control group by 6- to 11-month, 5-year, and 10-year groups, respectively (IPV versus control: Fisher's exact test P < 0.001). IPV reduced excretion for poliovirus types 1 and 3 between 38.9 and 74.2% and 52.8 and 75.7%, respectively. Thus, IPV in OPV-vaccinated individuals boosts intestinal mucosal immunity.

关键词： INFANT diseases   IMMIGRANTS   DISEASES   SEVERE combined immunodeficiency   POLIO   BCG -- Vaccination   POLIOMYELITIS vaccine   PUBLIC health  

摘要： The article reports on the case of a seven-month-old immigrant boy with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCIDS), who was diagnosed in July 2013 in San Antonio, Texas with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-osis. Topics covered include the boy's history of oral polio vaccinations performed in India, the use of molecular genetic analysis to confirm SCIDS, and the implications of this case for public health practice in the U.S.

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎疫苗   世界卫生组织   文件   策略咨询专家组   免疫规划   相关疾病   WHO   卫生政策  

摘要： 依据为各成员国提供卫生政策方面指导意见这一职责,世界卫生组织（World Health Organization,WHO）就预防具有全球公共卫生影响疾病的疫苗及联合疫苗问题,发布一系列定期更新的立场文件。这些文件着重关注疫苗在大规模免疫规划中的使用,归纳了各相关疾病与疫苗的基本背景信息,并就如何在全世界范围内使用这些疫苗表明了WHO目前的立场。这些文件经外部专家和WHO工作人员审阅,并由WHO免疫策略咨询专家组（Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization,SAGE）审核和认可。

关键词： 吸附无细胞百日咳-白喉-破伤风-灭活脊髓灰质炎-b型流行性感冒嗜血杆菌联合疫苗   基础免疫   主动监测   安全性  

摘要： 目的监测接种吸附无细胞百日咳-白喉-破伤风-灭活脊髓灰质炎-b型流行性感冒嗜血杆菌联合疫苗（Absorbed Diphtheria-Tetanus-Acellular Pertusis-Inactivated Poliovirus-Haemophilus Influenzae Type b Combined Vaccine,DTaP-IPV-Hib）后的不良反应,评价DTaP-IPV-Hib上市后在目标人群中使用的安全性。方法以市售的DTaP-IPVHib作为研究疫苗,在上海市选择300名出生后60~74d的婴儿,采用主动监测的方法观察其在2月龄、3月龄、4月龄接种后的不良反应。结果接种DTaP-IPV-Hib后0~7d,注射部位不良反应发生率为39.1%（349/892）,其中严重程度3级的发生率为1.1%（10/892）;全身不良反应发生率56.1%（500/892）,其中严重程度3级的发生率为2.5%（22/892）。随着接种剂次的增加,注射部位红斑和肿胀的报告发生率显著增加,呕吐、异常哭闹、嗜睡、食欲下降和易激惹等全身反应的报告发生率显著下降。结论 2、3、4月龄婴儿接种DTaP-IPV-Hib有良好的安全性。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎   分离率   中和抗体  

摘要： 目的了解河北省2012年脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）疫苗病毒分离率高的邯郸地区人群脊灰中和抗体（NA）水平，为阻断可能发生的疫苗衍生脊灰病毒（VDPV）提供可靠的数据支持。方法调查邯郸市已完成基础免疫1～1．5岁儿童158名；调查〈1、1～2、3—4、5—6、7—10、11～14、15—19、≥20岁8个年龄组健康人群168名，采集静脉血标本，测定血清脊灰中和抗体。结果基础免疫儿童脊灰中和抗体Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型阳性率均为100％，抗体几何平均滴度（GMT）分别为1：467．88、1：335．46、1：290．02；健康人群Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型阳性率分别为98．2％、99．4％、95．8％，抗体GMT分别为1：224．41、1：177．29、1：111．43。基础免疫儿童和健康人群间抗体水平差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01），健康人群抗体GMT随年龄增长和免疫后时间延长有逐渐下降趋势，年龄和免疫后时间对抗体有影响，性别间抗体水平差异没有统计学意义。结论邯郸市人群对脊灰病毒形成了良好免疫屏障，对可能发生VDPV及其循环有阻断作用。

关键词： 复制   病毒基因组结构   正链RNA病毒   非结构蛋白   微小核糖核酸病毒   internal   核糖体进入位点   脊髓灰质炎病毒  

摘要： EV71属人类肠道病毒基因组A组，微小核糖核酸病毒科，是单链正链RNA病毒。其基因组包含约7400个核苷酸，其中开放阅读框包括3个区域：P1编码4个结构蛋白：VP1～4；P2和P3编码7个非结构蛋白：从2A到2C，3A到3D；开放阅读框两侧是复杂的5′UTR和带有polyA尾的3′UTR；且5′UTR与病毒VPg蛋白共价结合。 EV71通过识别宿主细胞上特定的受体（人类P选择性糖蛋白配基1以及清道夫受体B2）进入细胞［1-2］。感染宿主细胞后，其基因组虽缺乏5′帽子结构，但在其5′非转录区（5′UTR ）有内在核糖体进入位点（ internal ribo-some entry site，IRES），其能在不依赖帽子结构的情况下翻译成单个的多聚蛋白质，该蛋白质可被病毒编码的蛋白2Apro及3Cpro加工成外壳结构蛋白和非结构蛋白，参与病毒RNA的复制［3-5］。虽然目前关于EV71复制的具体机制尚不清楚，但几乎所有的肠道病毒均具有相似的病毒基因组结构及复制策略。其中，脊髓灰质炎病毒是已被深入研究的小RNA病毒，其复制的特点可作为研究EV71复制的参考模式。本文将主要描述参与EV71复制的宿主因素、尤其是在病毒RNA合成、依赖IRES翻译中的作用。

关键词： 口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗   脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗   肯尼亚   联合使用   预防接种   脊灰野病毒   灭活   社区  

摘要： 自1988年全球消灭脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）行动以来,除阿富汗、尼日利亚和巴基斯坦三个国家外,本土脊灰野病毒（Wild Poliovirus,WPV）的传播已在全球被阻断。2013年4~12月,尼日利亚发生Ⅰ型（Type 1）本土WPV（WPVⅠ）疫情爆发,截至2014年2月11日,在非洲之角引发213例WPVⅠ病例,其中索马里190例,肯尼亚14例,埃塞俄比亚9例。