关键词： Ⅰ型   疫苗相关麻痹型脊髓灰质炎   口服脊灰疫苗株病毒  

摘要： 目的分析宁波市鄞州区首例疫苗相关Ⅰ型麻痹型脊髓灰质炎病例的流行病学情况。方法对患儿的发病及诊治经过,流行病学调查和处置,实验室检测结果,伤残残留及等级鉴定,补偿政策落实进行调查分析。结果实验室分离与定型为Ⅰ型,浙江省预防接种异常反应调查诊断专家组诊断为脊灰疫苗相关麻痹型脊灰(VAPP)病例;调查显示鄞州区儿童脊灰疫苗接种率为99.71%,脊灰灭活疫苗(IPV)替代接种率为0.87%;主动搜索未发现急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例;接种门诊接种实施规范。结论该病人感染系口服脊灰疫苗株病毒所致;鄞州区IPV接种服务有待提高;预防接种单位对接种脊灰疫苗尤其是首次接种者需行肛周脓肿检查,以筛查特殊人群;卫生部门应当主动应对VAPP病例的发生,确保常规免疫工作正常开展。

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗   脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗   Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗   百日咳-白喉-破伤风-Sabin株脊髓灰质炎四联疫苗  

摘要： 口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(OPV)和脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(IPV)在消灭脊髓灰质炎的过程中发挥了极大的作用。在全球消灭脊髓灰质炎的关键时刻以及在后脊髓灰质炎时代,更需要价格低廉且安全性好的IPV,以减毒Sabin株制备的IPV应运而生。目前全球已有4个国家的研究机构研制的Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗或百日咳-白喉-破伤风-Sabin株脊髓灰质炎联合疫苗完成或进入到临床试验阶段。而最近中国医学科学院医学生物学研究所研发的Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗已完成生产注册申请,这将对我国乃至全球、特别是发展中国家消灭脊髓灰质炎病毒发挥至关重要的作用。本文主要以Sabin株脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗的临床试验研究最新进展做一综述。

关键词： Poliovirus (PV)   Reciprocal complementation   Poliovirus P3   Poliovirus 3CD   3D polymerase   VPg   5'Cloverleaf (5'CL)   3C-RNA binding activity   RNA replication complex   (-) Strand RNA  

摘要： The differential use of protein precursors and their products is a key strategy used during poliovirus replication. To characterize the role of protein precursors during replication, we examined the complementation profiles of mutants that inhibited 3D polymerase or 3C-RNA binding activity. We showed that 3D entered the replication complex in the form of its precursor, P3 (or 3CD), and was cleaved to release active 3D polymerase. Furthermore, our results showed that P3 is the preferred precursor that binds to the 5'CL. Using reciprocal complementation assays, we showed that one molecule of P3 binds the 5'CL and that a second molecule of P3 provides 3D. In addition, we showed that a second molecule of P3 served as the VPg provider. These results support a model in which P3 binds to the 5'CL and recruits additional molecules of P3, which are cleaved to release either 3D or VPg to initiate RNA replication. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

摘要： This commentary views the use of a combined oral polio vaccine (OPV) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) schedule in comparison to IPV-alone polio immunization programs in limiting the spread of importedwild poliovirus.

关键词： Hand foot and mouth diseases   Enterovirus 71   Poliovirus type II   Co-infection  

摘要： Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is often identified as the primary pathogen that directly leads to severe cases of HFMD, whereas the association between other enteroviruses and EV71 infection remains largely unclear. Here we report a rare case of a 5-year-old boy co-infected with EV71 and vaccine-derived Poliovirus (VDPV) type II, which were identified based on PCR and sequence analysis results and clinical symptoms and were characterized on CT. We determined that the EV71 strain belongs to the C4 subtype, and the VDPV II strain was closely genetically related to the reference Sabin type II strain. This report may improved our understanding of the clinical significance of the associations between clinical signs and the infectious properties of the involved pathogens. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： POLIO -- Prevention   COMPARATIVE studies   FECES   IMMUNIZATION   RESEARCH methodology   MEDICAL cooperation   MEDICAL protocols   POLIOMYELITIS vaccine   RESEARCH   VIRAL antibodies   VIRAL physiology   EVALUATION research   RANDOMIZED controlled trials   TREATMENT effectiveness   RESEARCH subjects (Persons)  

摘要： Background Bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV;types 1 and 3) is expected to replace trivalent OPV (tOPV) globally by April, 2016, preceded by the introduction of at least one dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in routine immunisation programmes to eliminate vaccine-associated or vaccine-derived poliomyelitis from serotype 2 poliovirus. Because data are needed on sequential IPV bOPV schedules, we assessed the immunogenicity of two different IPV bOPV schedules compared with an all-IPV schedule in infants. Methods We did a randomised, controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial with healthy, full-term (>2.5 kg birthweight) infants aged 8 weeks (+/- 7 days) at six well-child clinics in Santiago, Chile. We used supplied lists to randomly assign infants (1:1:1) to receive three polio vaccinations (IPV by injection or bOPV as oral drops) at age 8,16, and 24 weeks in one of three sequential schedules: IPV bOPV bOPV, IPV IPV bOPV, or IPV IPV IPV. We did the randomisation with blocks of 12 stratified by study site. All analyses were done in a masked manner. Co-primary outcomes were non-inferiority of the bOPV-containing schedules compared with the all-IPV schedule for seroconversion (within a 10% margin) and antibody titres (within two-thirds log(2) titres) to poliovirus serotypes land 3 at age 28 weeks, analysed in the per-protocol population. Secondary outcomes were seroconversion and titres to serotype 2 and faecal shedding for 4 weeks after a monovalent OPV type 2 challenge at age 28 weeks. Safety analyses were done in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ***, number NCT01841671, and is dosed to new participants. Findings Between April 25 and August 1,2013, we assigned 570 infants to treatment: 190 to IPV bOPV bOPV, 192 to IPV IPV bOPV, and 188 to IPV IPV IPV. 564 (99%) were vaccinated and included in the intention-to-treat cohort, and 537 (94%) in the per-protocol analyses. In the IPV bOPV bOPV, IPV IPV bOPV, and

关键词： Polio -- Prevention   Epidemics   Immunization   Polio   Vaccines  

摘要： Recent cases of polio in Ukraine have served as a reminderto those in Europe that it is not as remote a problem as many think. Sanjeet Bagcchi reports.

关键词： Fibroblasts   Killer cells   Poliovirus   Cancer invasiveness   Cellular growth  

关键词： Poliomyelitis   Needle-free injector   Cuba  

摘要： Introduction: The World Health Organization recommends that as part of the polio end-game strategy a dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) be introduced by the end of 2015 in all countries currently using only oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Administration of fractional dose (1/5 of full dose) IPV (fIPV) by intradermal (ID) injection may reduce costs, but its conventional administration is with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) needle and syringe (NS), which is time consuming and technically challenging. We compared injection quality achieved with BCG NS and three needle-free jet injectors and assessed ergonomic features of the injectors. Methods: Children between 12 and 20 months of age who had previously received OPV were enrolled in the Camaguey, Cuba study. Subjects received a single fIPV dose administered intradermally with BCG NS or one of three needle-free injector devices: Bioject Biojector 2000 (R) (B2000), Bioject ID Pen (R) (ID Pen), or PharmaJet Tropis (R) (Tropis). We measured bleb diameter and vaccine loss as indicators of ID injection quality, with desirable injection quality defined as bleb diameter >= 5 mm and vaccine loss <10%. We surveyed vaccinators to evaluate ergonomic features of the injectors. We further assessed the injection quality indicators as predictors of immune response, measured by increase in poliovirus neutralizing antibodies in blood between day 0 (pre-IPV) and 21 (post-vaccination). Results: Delivery by BCG NS and Tropis resulted in the highest proportion of subjects with desirable injection quality;health workers ranked Biojector2000 and Tropis highest for ergonomic features.. We observed that vaccine loss and desirable injection quality were associated with an immune response for poliovirus type 2 (P = 0.02, P = 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the feasibility of fIPV delivery using needle-free injector devices with high acceptability among health workers. We did not observe the indicators of injectio

关键词： Poliovirus vaccine   Master seed   Vaccine manufacturing   PER.C6 (R) cells   Vaccine safety   Adventitious agents  

摘要： Safety of vaccines can be compromised by contamination with adventitious agents. One potential source of adventitious agents is a vaccine seed, typically derived from historic clinical isolates with poorly defined origins. Here we generated synthetic poliovirus seeds derived from chemically synthesized DNA plasmids encoding the sequence of wild-type poliovirus strains used in marketed inactivated poliovirus vaccines. The synthetic strains were phenotypically identical to wild-type polioviruses as shown by equivalent infectious titers in culture supernatant and antigenic content, even when infection cultures are scaled up to 10-25 L bioreactors. Moreover, the synthetic seeds were genetically stable upon extended passaging on the PER.C6 (R) cell culture platform. Use of synthetic seeds produced on the serum-free PER.C6 (R) cell platform ensures a perfectly documented seed history and maximum control over starting materials. It provides an opportunity to maximize vaccine safety which increases the prospect of a vaccine end product that is free from adventitious agents. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.