关键词： 脊髓灰质炎病毒   细胞系敏感性实验   质量控制标准株(QC)  

摘要： 目的制备辽宁省疾病预防控制中心脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)实验室质量控制标准毒株(QC),评价辽宁省脊灰实验室所用细胞系对脊灰病毒的敏感性,为脊灰实验室常规监测工作提供可靠质量保证。方法采用96孔微量培养板滴定法。结果辽宁省脊灰实验室2013年制备的QC 3次独立的细胞敏感性实验结果的滴度波动在±0.5 log 10 CCID50以内,同时用中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所国家脊灰实验室提供的已知滴度的Sabin参考株(CSTRS)做平行对照,CSTRS原始株3次滴度结果与其本身提供的参考值相比较,其滴度波动均在±0.5 log 10 CCID50范围内。开展的9次常规细胞系敏感性实验,结果也均在正常范围内。结论辽宁省脊灰实验室QC结果符合实验要求,辽宁省脊灰实验室所用细胞系对脊灰病毒的敏感性未下降,是敏感、有效的。

关键词： Immunization   Poliomyelitis   Seroprevalence   Sri Lanka  

摘要： The immunization program in Sri Lanka consistently reaches >90% coverage with oral poliovirus vaccines (OPV), and no polio supplementary vaccination campaigns have been conducted since 2003. We evaluated serological protection against polioviruses in children. A cross-sectional community-based survey was performed in three districts of Sri Lanka (Colombo, Badulla, and Killinochi). Randomly selected children in four age groups (9-11 months, 3-4 years, 7-9 years, and 15 years) were tested for poliovirus neutralizing antibodies. All 400 enrolled children completed the study. The proportion of seropositive children for poliovirus Type 1 and Type 2 was >95% for all age groups;for poliovirus Type 3 it was 95%, 90%, 77%, and 75% in the respective age groups. The vaccination coverage in our sample based on vaccination cards or parental recall was >90% in all age groups. Most Sri Lankan children are serologically protected against polioviruses through routine immunization only. This seroprevalence survey provided baseline data prior to the anticipated addition of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) into the Sri Lankan immunization program and the switch from trivalent OPV (tOPV) to bivalent OPV (bOPV). (C) 2015 Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： OPV   adverse event   Uganda  

摘要： A retrospective study to identify VAPP cases from the entire Uganda was conducted between January 2003 and December 2011. Eleven of the 106 AFP cases were VAPPs. The VAPP rate ranged from 0 to 3.39 cases per 1,000,000 birth cohorts and the peak was in 2009 when there was scaling up of OPV immunization activities following an importation of wild poliovirus in the country. All the subsequent polio suspect cases since then have been vaccine-associated polio cases. Our data support the strategy to withdraw OPV and introduce IPV progressively in order to mitigate against the paralysis arising from Sabin polioviruses. J. Med. Virol. 87:2163-2167, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： Research Article  

摘要： Poliomyelitis has nearly been eradicated through the efforts of the World Health Organization's Global Eradication Initiative raising questions on containment of the virus after it has been eliminated in the wild. Most manufacture of inactivated polio vaccines currently requires the growth of large amounts of highly virulent poliovirus, and release from a production facility after eradication could be disastrous;WHO have therefore recommended the use of the attenuated Sabin strains for production as a safer option although it is recognised that they can revert to a transmissible paralytic form. We have exploited the understanding of the molecular virology of the Sabin vaccine strains to design viruses that are extremely genetically stable and hyperattenuated. The viruses are based on the type 3 Sabin vaccine strain and have been genetically modified in domain V of the 5' non-coding region by changing base pairs to produce a cassette into which capsid regions of other serotypes have been introduced. The viruses give satisfactory yields of antigenically and immunogenically correct viruses in culture, are without measurable neurovirulence and fail to infect non-human primates under conditions where the Sabin strains will do so.

关键词： Oral polio vaccine   Inactivated polio vaccine   Priming   Polio immunogenicity  

摘要： Introduction: Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) introduction and phased oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) cessation are essential for eradication of polio. Methods: Healthy 6-week old infants in Bangladesh were randomized to one of five study arms: receipt of trivalent OPV (tOPV) or bivalent OPV (bOPV) at ages 6, 10 and 14 weeks, intramuscular IPV or intradermal one-fifth fractional dose IPV (f-IPV) at ages 6 and 14 weeks, or f-IPV at ages 6 and 14 weeks with bOPV at age 10 weeks (f-IPV/bOPV). All participants received tOPV at age 18 weeks. Results: Of 975 infants randomized, 95% (922) completed follow-up. Type 1 seroconversion after 3 doses at 6,10 and 14 weeks was higher with bOPV compared with tOPV (99% vs 94%,p = 0.019). Seroconversions to types I and 3 after 2 IPV doses at ages 6 and 14 weeks were no different than after 3 doses of tOPV or bOPV at ages 6, 10 and 14 weeks. A priming response, seroconversion 1 week after IPV at 14 weeks among those who did not seroconvert after IPV at 6 weeks, was observed against poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 in 91%, 84% and 97%, respectively. Compared with IPV, f-IPV failed non-inferiority tests for seroconversion with 1 or 2 doses and priming after 1 dose. Discussion: The findings demonstrate considerable priming with IPV at age 6 weeks, comparable immunogenicity of tOPV and bOPV, and inferior immunogenicity of one-fifth f-IPV compared with IPV. If IPV induced priming at age 6 weeks is similar to that at age 14 weeks, IPV could be administered at a younger age and possibly with a higher coverage. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Poliovirus   PER.C6 (R) cells   Next generation IPV   Sabin   Rationally-attenuated strains   Vaccines  

摘要： Background: As poliovirus eradication draws closer, alternative Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccines (IPV) are needed to overcome the risks associated with continued use of the Oral Poliovirus Vaccine and of neurovirulent strains used during manufacture of conventional (c) IPV. We have previously demonstrated the susceptibility of the PER.C6 (R) cell line to cIPV strains;here we investigated the suspension cell culture platform for growth of attenuated poliovirus strains. Methods: We examined attenuated Sabin strain productivity on the PER.C6 (R) cell platform compared to the conventional Vero cell platform. The suitability of the suspension cell platform for propagation of rationally-attenuated poliovirus strains (stabilized Sabin type 3 S19 derivatives and genetically attenuated and stabilized MonoCre(X) strains), was also assessed. Yields were quantified by infectious titer determination and D-antigen ELISA using either serotype-specific polyclonal rabbit sera for Sabin strains or monoclonal cIPV-strain-specific antibodies for cIPV, S19 and MonoCre(X) strains. Results: PER.C6 (R) cells supported the replication of Sabin strains to yields of infectious titers that were in the range of cIPV strains at 32.5 degrees C. Sabin strains achieved 30-fold higher yields (p < 0.0001) on the PER.C6 (R) cell platform as compared to the Vero cell platform in infectious titer and D-antigen content. Furthermore, Sabin strain productivity on the PER.C6 (R) cell platform was maintained at 101 scale. Yields of infectious titers of S19 and MonoCre(X) strains were 0.5-1 logio lower than seen for cIPV strains, whereas D-antigen yield and productivities in doses/ml using rationally-attenuated strains were in line with yields reported for cIPV strains. Conclusions: Sabin and rationally-attenuated polioviruses can be grown to high infectious titers and D-antigen yields. Sabin strain infection shows increased productivity on the PER.C6 (R) cell platform as compared to the conventional Vero cell

关键词： NUCLEOTIDES   ENTEROVIRUSES   PROGENITOR cells   CELL differentiation   ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay  

摘要： A poliomyelitis outbreak caused by type 1 circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) was identified in China in 2004. Six independent cVDPVs (eight isolates) could be grouped into a single cluster with pathways of divergence different from a single cVDPV progenitor, which circulated and evolved into both a highly neurovirulent lineage and a less neurovirulent lineage. They were as neurovirulent as the wild type 1 Mahoney strain, recombination was absent, and their nucleotide 480-G was identical to that of the Sabin strain. The Guizhou/China cVDPV strains shared 4 amino acid replacements in the NAg sites: 3 located at the BC loop, which may underlie the aberrant results of the ELISA intratypic differentiation (ITD) test. The complete ORF tree diverged into two main branches from a common ancestral infection estimated to have occurred in about mid-September 2003, nine months before the appearance of the VDPV case, which indicated recently evolved VDPV. Further, recombination with species C enteroviruses may indicate the presence and density of these enteroviruses in the population and prolonged virus circulation in the community. The aforementioned cVDPVs has important implications in the global initiative to eradicate polio: high quality surveillance permitted earliest detection and response.

关键词： oral polio vaccine   heterologous immunity   nonspecific effects   infant mortality   neonates  

摘要： Background. Routine vaccines may have nonspecific effects on mortality. An observational study found that OPV given at birth (OPV0) was associated with increased male infant mortality. We investigated the effect of OPV0 on infant mortality in a randomized trial in Guinea-Bissau. Methods. A total of 7012 healthy normal-birth-weight neonates were randomized to BCG only (intervention group) or OPV0 with BCG (usual practice). All children were to receive OPV with pentavalent vaccine (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and hepatitis B) at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. Seven national OPV campaigns were also conducted during the trial period. Children were followed to age 12 months. We used Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality. Results. The trial contradicted the original hypothesis about OPV0 increasing male infant mortality. Within 12 months, 73 children in the BCG + OPV group and 87 children in the BCG-only group died, all from infectious diseases. Comparing BCG + OPV0 vs BCG only, the HR was 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], .61-1.13): 0.72 (95% CI, .47-1.10) in boys and 0.97 (95% CI, .61-1.54) in girls. For children enrolled within the first 2 days of life, the HR for BCG + OPV0 vs BCG only was 0.58 (95% CI, .38-.90). From enrollment until the time of OPV campaigns, the HR was 0.68 (95% CI, .45-1.00), the beneficial effect being separately significant for males (0.55 [95% CI, .32-.95]). Conclusions. This is the only randomized trial of the effect of OPV0 on mortality. OPV0 may be associated with nonspecific protection against infectious disease mortality, particularly when given early in life. There are reasons to monitor mortality when OPV is being phased out.

关键词： 疾病预防控制工作   计生局   卫生   曹县   脊髓灰质炎疫苗   预防接种门诊   强化免疫   麻疹疫苗  

摘要： 近期，曹县卫生计生局通过加快省级数字化预防接种门诊建设，完善内部设施，做好程序招标和安装，尽快完成申请验收；加大秋冬季传染病防控力度，深入推进麻疹疫苗和脊髓灰质炎疫苗强化免疫等措施，

关键词： 脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗   安全性   脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗   不良反应  

摘要： 目的对脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗安全性的临床调查与分析进行探讨。方法 100例接种疫苗的儿童,随机分成对照组与实验组,各50例。对照组采用口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗进行接种;实验组采用注射脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗进行接种,并比较观察两组儿童不良反应情况。结果实验组儿童不良反应率为8.00%,对照组为6.00%,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗与脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗的预防效果和安全性无明显差异,都具有安全有效、经济实惠的特点。