关键词： Qualitative simulation Qualitative inference HAZOP Maloperation Chemical process  

摘要： Comparing with continuous production process, unsteady operation process, such as startup and shutdown,tends to abnormal situations due to a large number of operations of operators and dynamic state changes involved. To guarantee a safe operation, process hazard analysis(PHA) is very important to proactively identify the potential safety problems. In the chemical process industry, hazard and operability(HAZOP) analysis is the most widely used method. In this paper, based on proposed qualitative simulation and inference method, an automatic HAZOP analysis method for unsteady operation processes is proposed. Mass transfer and relationships among process variables are expressed by Petri net–directed graph model based fuzzy logic. Operating procedure is expressed according to a formal expression. Possible operation deviations from normal operating procedure are identified by using a group of guidewords. Hazards are identified automatically by qualitative simulation and inference when wrong operation process is performed. The method is validated by a rectification column system.

关键词： HAZOP   钢铁企业   安全风险分析   应用   定性分析方法   可操作性   过程危险   危害辨识  

摘要： 危险与可操作性分析（Hazard and Operability Analysis,HAZOP）是一种用于辨识缺陷、工艺过程危险及操作性问题的定性分析方法。HAZOP经过几十年的实践应用和持续完善,凭借其全面性、系统性、科学性的优势,以及在系统工艺危害辨识领域的突出地位,在化工、石油、石化、航天等工业领域得到了广泛应用。但在其他行业中,HAZOP分析运用较少,特别是冶金钢铁企业中鲜有运用。

关键词： 选址   HAZOP分析   偏差   参数  

摘要： 本文从油库选址、工程设计内容、HAZOP分析三方面阐述油库工程设计阶段安全管理要点,以HAZOP分析为重点,论述油库工程设计时HAZOP分析的程序、分析记录与报告。

关键词： HAZOP   危险分析   安全生产   工艺参数   可操作性   事故隐患   重大事故   运行过程  

摘要： HAZOP即为“危险与可操作性分析”，是Hazard and Operability Analysis的简称或缩写。HAZOP是一种被工业界广泛采用的工艺危险分析方法，也是有效排查事故隐患、预防重大事故和实现安全生产的重要手段之一。通过分析生产运行过程中工艺参数的变动，操作控制中可能出现的偏差，以及这些变动与偏差对系统的影响及可能导致的后果，找出出现变动与偏差的原因，明确装置或系统内及生产过程中存在的主要危险、危害因素，并针对变动与偏差的后果提出应采取的措施。

关键词： ammonia synthesis   distillation   dynamic simulation   HAZOP   quantitative safety analysis  

摘要： Hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP) is widely applied in petroleum industry as a scientific and effective safety analysis method, but it is traditionally qualitative in essence and hereby has such shortages as vague conclusions, susceptible to human factor, lack of comprehensive consideration, and so on. This paper proposed a dynamic simulation-based quantitative HAZOP method that utilizes dynamic simulation to reason deviations to reduce uncertainty in manual analysis. It transforms deviations into quantitative dynamic tasks and uses these tasks to activate dynamic simulation for quantitative deviation reasoning work. The possible consequence and propagation time caused by deviation is probed by analyzing simulation results. In this process, some deviations that appeared seldom or did not at all before can also be simulated and analyzed with the aid of dynamic mechanism model. Case studies in extractive distillation and ammonia synthesis loop showed that this method can present propagation effect of key process parameters on safety state and is useful for iterative and automatic assessment work. It is also found that detailed operation and device data are necessary for initial complex process modeling. In addition, we should improve simulation platform to meet practical requirements when applying this method. (C) 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： HAZOP   Hazard scenario   DFT   BDD   Markov chain  

摘要： An extended hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis approach with dynamic fault tree is proposed to identify potential hazards in chemical plants. First, the conventional HAZOP analysis is used to identify the possible fault causes and consequences of abnormal conditions, which are called deviations. Based on HAZOP analysis results, hazard scenario models are built to explicitly represent the propagation pathway of faults. With the quantitative analysis requirements of HAZOP analysis and the time-dependent behavior of real failure events considered, the dynamic fault tree (DFT) analysis approach is then introduced to extend HAZOP analysis. To simplify the quantitative calculation, the DFT model is solved with modularization approach in which a binary decision diagram (BDD) and Markov chain approach are applied to solve static and dynamic subtrees, respectively. Subsequently, the occurrence probability of the top event and the probability importance of each basic event with respect to the top event are determined. Finally, a case study is performed to verify the effectiveness of the approach. Results indicate that compared with the conventional HAZOP approach, the proposed approach does not only identify effectively possible fault root causes but also quantitatively determines occurrence probability of the top event and the most likely fault causes. The approach can provide a reliable basis to improve process safety. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： HAZOP   煤制甲醇   煤气化  

摘要： 煤制甲醇项目中煤气化工艺风险较高,做好安全工作尤其重要,通过HAZOP分析法对煤气化工艺进行分析,并提出相关安全措施。

关键词： HAZOP   合成氨   低温洗甲醇  

摘要： 煤气合成氨项目中低温洗甲醇工艺风险较高,做好安全工作尤其重要,通过HAZOP分析法对低温洗甲醇工艺进行分析,并提出相关安全措施。

关键词： 油气管道站场   危险与可操作性分析   保护层分析方法  

摘要： 我国在油气管道站场逐步推进危险与可操作性分析,但这种方法仍有一些不足,如无法量化识别出的风险,无法判定提出的安全措施是否能将风险控制在有效范围内。针对这些不足,将保护层分析方法(LOPA)融入到危险与可操作性分析方法(HAZOP)中,对油气管道站场进行分析。概述了两种方法的特点和结合机理。先通过HAZOP分析出油气管道站场复杂的事故场景,然后利用LOPA方法的有效半定性风险评估识别危险源和保护层并进行量化,得出固有风险和剩余风险,最后运用实例详细介绍了HAZOP-LOPA风险评估方法在油气管道站场的应用过程。

关键词： 柴油加氢装置   HAZOP   应用   化工生产过程   能源产业   国民经济   化学工业   支柱产业  

摘要： 石油和化学工业是我国国民经济重要的能源产业、基础原材料产业和支柱产业。石油化工生产过程大多具有高温高压、易燃易爆、有毒有害、连续作业、过程复杂等特点，安全风险大。一旦发生事故后果将极其严重，因此，为确保安全生产，有必要对石化装置进行危险及风险分析。