摘要： 1 In conscious rabbits the intravenous infusion of adrenaline (0.3 mug kg-1 min-1), noradrenaline (1 mug kg-1 min-1) or isoprenaline (1.25 mug kg-1 min-1) caused a significant decrease in plasma potassium levels. Propranolol (9 mg kg-1, s.c.) and ICI 118551 (30 mug kg-1, s.c.) reversed adrenaline-induced hypokalaemia and revealed a sustained hyperkalaemia. 2 Salbutamol (0.5 mug kg-1 min-1, i.v.), beta2-adrenoceptor agonist, evoked a biphasic response: an initial hyperkalaemia which was followed by a hypokalaemia;a higher dose (3 mug kg-1 min-1, i.v.) solely induced hypokalaemia. ICI 118551 blocked the salbutamol-mediated response. 3 Noradrenaline evoked hypokalaemia was blunted completely in the presence of bupranolol (0.1 mg kg-1, s.c.), a beta1-, beta2- and beta3-adrenoceptor antagonist, but not in the presence of the beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist CGP 20712A (1 mg kg-1, s.c.). 4 BRL 37344 (0.15 mug kg-1 min-1, i.v.), SR 58611A (0.26 mug kg-1 min-1, i.v.), both full,83-agonists, and CGP 12177 (0,25 mug kg-1 min-1, i.v.), a partial agonist which also acting as a non-selective beta1- and beta2-antagonist, induced a significant hypokalaemia. Bupranolol, but not ICI 118551 or CGP 20712A, blocked the BRL 37344-mediated hypokalaemia. 5 Ouabain (1.7 mug kg-1 min-1, i.v.), an inhibitor of the Na,K-pumps, inhibited both salbutamol-and BRL 37344-mediated hypokalaemia. 6 These data suggest the coexistence of beta2- and beta3-adrenoceptor control of extrarenal potassium disposal;moreover both beta2 and beta3 hypokalaemic effects would be mediated by activation of Na,K-pumps.

关键词： 高等学校   全程控制   全过程   培养过程   软件控制   硬件控制   分类方法   直接控制   培养人才   子系统  

摘要： 一、什么是“全程控制”所谓“全程控制”,就是对整个过程实施有目的有计划的管理。根据分类方法的不同:可分为直接控制和间接控制;也可分为硬件控制和软件控制等不同的形式。一所高等学校,无论其学制长短、规模大小、方法异同,都是按照事先设计好的目标和规格,来培养某一方面的专门人才的。学校从录取新生(对管理对象的有限选择)的那一刻起。

关键词： 控制医院感染   消毒处理   止血带   压脉带   意识  

摘要： 医院感染是病人在医院获得的感染。随医疗诊治水平的提高,护士接触的医疗仪器及新的治疗手段也日益增多,特别是一些进口的高精密仪器使用后如何妥善消毒灭菌,现已成为护理工作中的一大难题,如窥镜既不能用高压灭菌法处理,也不能用优氯净一类高效、快速的化学消毒剂来浸泡消毒,而乙肝表面抗原采用一般的中效消毒又难以奏

关键词： DOPAMINE   CONSCIOUS RATS   FEEDING   ORAL SODIUM LOAD   KIDNEY FUNCTION  

摘要： We studied urinary dopamine excretion in three different groups of rats after the following treatment regimens: normal chow and tap water (controls, CON), normal chow and 1% NaCl as drinking water (high salt, HS), and chow with low sodium content plus tap water (low salt, LS). On days 5 and 7 of the respective dietary treatment, rats were placed in metabolic cages. Using a cross over design, chow was given (fed) or withheld (fasted). Urine was collected for 24 h and analyzed for sodium, creatinine, and dopamine. Urinary dopamine excretion did not change in proportion to large differences in sodium excretion in fasted animals. Sodium excretion was enhanced (45%) due to feeding only in the CON group but not in HS and LS rats. However, there was a striking increase in renal dopamine excretion in fed compared to fasted animals, irrespective of their sodium diet: 2.5-fold in CON, 2-fold in HS, and 1.8-fold in LS rats. Urinary creatinine excretion was significantly elevated during the feeding condition compared to fasted animals in all treatment groups. Our results demonstrate that urinary dopamine excretion is dominantly influenced by feeding but not by oral sodium intake in conscious rats. We conclude that 1) the dietary state of the animals should be controlled in experiments on renal dopamine production, 2) renally formed dopamine could be involved in the functional response of the kidney to oral food intake.

关键词： 日本   电力工业   二氧化碳   污染控制  

摘要： （一）前言今年6月在巴西召开的世界环境和发展大会上,各国对控制CO2排放以减缓地球温室效应的问题达成共识。部分工业先进国已明确提出2000年控制CO2排放量的目标,北欧一些国家已开始征"炭税",从经济上促进减少化石燃料的使用的减少CO2排放的目的。我国属于发展中国家,只能采取发展和治理并重的方针。

摘要： This study investigated the relative contribution of aortic baroreceptor to the depressant effect of ethanol on arterial baroreceptor function. The acute hemodynamic effects of ethanol were studied in conscious freely moving aortic baroreceptor denervated (ABD) and sham-operated (SO) rats. ABD but not the sham operation caused immediate and significant (P < .05) increases in mean arterial pressure and heart rate (HR) and an impairment of the baroreflex-mediated control of HR (baroreflex sensitivity, BRS). Two to three days after ABD, these parameters, except the BRS, subsided to near-control levels. Both operations (ABD and sham) significantly reduced the daily water intake but the reduction was significantly greater in ABD rats. Intravenous administration of ethanol (0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg) to either SO or ABD rats produced short-lived dose-related pressor and brady-cardiac responses which correlated well with blood ethanol concentration. In SO rats, ethanol caused dose-related decreases in the slopes of the curves relating increments in mean arterial pressure induced by phenylephrine to corresponding bradycardic responses;the higher dose significantly (P < .05) reduced the slope from -2.03 +/- 0.14 to -1.28 +/- 0.18 beats/min/mm Hg, indicating an impairment of BRS. Conversely, in ABD rats, ethanol failed to influence the BRS;the slopes before and after ethanol (1 g/kg) were similar (-1.1 +/- 0.07 vs. -1.0 +/- 0.23 beats/min/mm Hg). The lack of ethanol effect in ABD rats cannot be accounted for by the assumption that aortic barodenervation depressed the baroreceptor reflex to its nadir or by a difference in concentration of blood ethanol. Pentobarbital caused further attenuation of the HR response to phenylephrine in ABD rats (slopes were -0.46 +/- 0.03 vs. -1.2 +/- 0.06 beats/min/mm Hg) and blood ethanol concentrations were very similar in ABD and SO rats. The data suggest that ethanol impairs the HR response to stimulation of arterial baroreceptors through a mechan

关键词： 工程造价   工程建设项目   基建投资   铁路建设   动态管理   基建管理   最佳效益   建设单位   施工单位   概算编制  

摘要： 从静态管理转换为动态管理,从各环节控制到整个宏观调控,管好用好铁路建设资金,努力提高铁路的建设速度和效益,真正使铁路各项基建投资在法制、规范所规定的范围内进行,以求得基建投资使用的最佳效益和工程建设项目的高质量。这是当前基建管理体制深化改革、转换基建经营机制。

关键词： ELECTRODE MICRODRIVE   MICROMANIPULATOR  

摘要： A miniature, remotely-controlled microelectrode driver has been developed for use in conscious, unrestrained animals. It was designed to be used for recording from neurones in the trigeminal brainstem nuclei. Therefore, it had to be as light and unobtrusive to the animal as possible. A DC motor with a built-in optical shaft encoder and gearbox was available weighing only 19 g. This DC motor was chosen as a basis for the microelectrode driver.

关键词： 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE RELEASE   TERMINAL AUTORECEPTOR CONTROL   INDOLEAMINES   MICRODIALYSIS   GUINEA PIG  

摘要： In vivo microdialysis in the frontal cortex of the freely moving guinea-pig was used to measure extracellular 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and study terminal autoreceptor control of its release. The indoleamine levels were determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Release of extracellular 5-HT and, to a lesser extent, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was sensitive to tetrodotoxin, confirming the neuronal origin of measured neurotransmitter levels. Both systemic and local administration of the 5-HT1 agonist 5-carboxamidotryptamine caused inhibition of extracellular 5-HT levels, confirming the regulatory role of the terminal, and possibly also the somatodendritic, 5-HT autoreceptor on neuronal 5-HT release. Levels of extracellular 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were not affected by 5-carboxamidotryptamine following either central or peripheral administration.

摘要： 1 In conscious fed rabbits the intravenous infusion of amidephrine (10-mu-g kg-1 min-1), an alpha-1-adrenoceptor agonist, caused a significant increase in plasma potassium levels that was blunted by prazosin (50-mu-g kg-1, s.c.). Idazoxan failed to modify this response. 2 Clonidine (2-mu-g kg-1 min-1, i.v.), an alpha-2-adrenoceptor agonist, also evoked a hyperkalaemic response which was antagonized by idazoxan (1-mu-g kg-1, s.c.), yohimbine (0.45 mg kg-1, s.c.) and prazosin (50-mu-g kg-1, s.c.). Apamin (40-mu-g kg-1, i.v. bolus) also suppressed the clonidine-mediated hyperkalaemia. 3 Verapamil (5-mu-g kg-1, s.c.) prevented both alpha-1- and alpha-2-adrenoceptor-mediated increase in plasma potassium levels. 4 It is concluded that in conscious fed rabbits both alpha-1- and alpha-2-adrenoceptor stimulation induce hyperkalaemia by activation of hepatic Ca2+-activated K+-channels.