关键词： 控制人口   培养学生   人口迅速增长   土壤污染   人口增长   环保意识   教学中   丹顶鹤   东北虎   生物教学  

关键词： 企业   市场竞争   成本意识   成本控制  

关键词： Analgesia   Patient-Controlled   Colonoscopy   Conscious Sedation   Aged   Analgesics   Opioid   Attitude of Health Personnel   Cost-Benefit Analysis   Female   Humans   Male   Meperidine   Patient Satisfaction  

摘要： Background: The aim of this study was to assess whether patient-controlled anesthesia (PCA) can improve patient tolerance for colonoscopy. We compared baseline sedation and analgesia with baseline sedation and PCA. Methods: Fifty-six consecutive patients were alternatively allocated to 1 of 2 groups: either to control group (n = 28) to receive standard sedation (meperidine and midazolam as baseline and additional doses of meperidine administered by the anesthesiologist) or to a PCA group (n = 28) to receive the same baseline premedication but additional analgesia with meperidine being self-administered. Cardiopulmonary parameters were recorded and tolerance for the examination was evaluated by a numeric rating scale, 0 meaning "no pain" and 10 meaning "maximal pain." Results: Patients' mean pain score (on a scale of 0 to 10) was 4.85 +/- 3.74 for the PCA group and 5.30 +/- 3.53 (not significant) for the control group. Physicians' assessment of patient tolerance registered a lower numeric rating score than patients' assessment. The duration of the procedure was slightly longer in the PCA group. None of the patients experienced a decline in oxygen saturation below 90%;a decrease in expiratory carbon dioxide during the examination was noted in both groups of patients, particularly during the first minutes of the examination. Mean additional sedation per patient in the PCA group was slightly higher, but not significantly different. Conclusions: Our results suggest that patient-controlled analgesia during colonoscopy is as effective as standard sedation with respect to patient tolerance and safety of the examination.

关键词： 控制论   高校学报   编辑出版工作   控制环节   行为过程   编辑人员   审稿专家   感觉器   主要创始人   控制规律  

摘要： 控制论作为现代科学方法,它研究各种系统的共同控制规律,适用于科学研究的各个领域。用控制论的观点来指导编辑出版工作,会使工作更加有条不紊、丝丝入扣,出版物会由此而不断提高质量。 一、控制论的基本思想 控制论的主要创始人美国的***(1894-1964)认为,尽管机器与动物在质上有着天壤之别,有着无生命和有生命的区别,但从机器控制的动作和人的行为过程来看,它们都有一个相当确切的“同构性”。因为在实现机器的动作和人的行为过程中,无一例外要经过三个环节: 第一,感觉器官。它负责和外界交往,搜集当前环境以及自己完成任务的消息。比如我们的眼睛和耳朵。 第二,中枢器官。它从事加工、选择以及估价信息的工作,并根据接收的信息和它记忆的信息决定自身的行为动作。比如我们的大脑。 第三,效应器官。它执行某种特定的任务或若干特定的任务。比如我们的手和脚。

关键词： 硕士   意识控制   信念逻辑   推理系统   逻辑系统   模态   规则  

摘要： 　　意识控制下的信念逻辑 　　使用正规模态逻辑系统来刻画agent信念推理系统,由于有必然性规则和K公理,…………

关键词： 审计风险   风险意识   防范控制   审计组织   民间审计报告   强化审计   审计人员   审计责任   控制措施   审计质量  

摘要： 随着审计事业的发展和人们法制观念日益增强,特别是近年来我国发生了几起影响较大的审计诉讼案后,社会上对审计人员法律责任的认识越来越清晰,审计人员对审计风险的感觉也越来越现实了.认识审计风险,强化审计风险意识,有效控制审计风险……

关键词： implicit memory   working memory   explicit memory   prefrontal cortex   cingulate cortex  

摘要： Neuroimaging studies have identified a number of cortical areas involved in the executive control of conscious actions. The areas most frequently implicated are prefrontal and cingulate cortices. Evidence suggests that both of these areas may be essential for executive control of willed action. Prefrontal cortex, however may be responsible for the initial processing. Executive control is usually discussed with reference to willed actions and is assumed to regulate complex cognitive responses. Although many implicit processes involve complex responses, it is not known whether these actions are also controlled by executive processes. Significantly some implicit tasks like those involving motor sequence learning and cross-modality priming activate the same areas of prefrontal cortex that are implicated in the executive control of willed actions. It is, however, not clear whether a single executive process controls both implicit and explicit processes, or the implicit processes are regulated by a separate set of executive control having distinct neuroanatomical location and processing properties. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

关键词： 物资采购成本   采购计划  

关键词： 意识活动   心理活动   生理活动   控制   调节   影响  

摘要： 本文就人体的意识活动对生理活动的关系和作用问题以医学科学的研究成果为基础进行了较为具体和深入的研究并归纳为三个层次

关键词： 判断任务   社会记忆   内隐社会印象   辨别力指数A’   判断标准β  

摘要： 通过两个实验分别考察了在自然判断和社会判断条件下社会印象受意识控制情况的不同特点。实验—采用 2× 2× 2× 2的混合设计 ,给被试提供不同声望、不同性别的人名 (组内设计 ) ,考察了在再认判断和频度判断条件下 (组内设计 )被试性别特征 (组间设计 )对社会记忆的影响 ;实验二采用 2× 2× 2× 2的混合设计 ,给被试呈现不同性别的人名 (组内设计 ) ,考察了新、旧人名 (呈现与否 ,组内设计 )在声望判断和影响力判断条件下 (组内设计 ) ,被试性别特征 (组间设计 )对社会印象影响 ;同时 ,还探讨了信号检测论 (SDT)方法对测量内隐社会印象的有效性。结果表明 ,在自然判断的任务条件下 ,被试的记忆出现了“名人优势效应” ;在社会判断的任务条件下 ,被试的辨别力非参数指标A′没有表现出显著的差异 ,而其判断标准 β则在被试性别、判断类型上表现出了差异。