关键词： 雅乡钢铁有限责任公司   成本管理   全过程控制  

摘要： 萍乡钢铁有限责任公司(下称萍钢)自1957～1996年建厂四十年来,由于企业人员多、社会包袱重、资产负债高、技术经济指标低,基本处于亏损状态,累计亏损额达3个多亿元,被列入全国钢铁行业特困名单.1997年4月,以涂建民为首的新一届领导班子上任后,带领全体员工树立完全成本意识,强化全面成本管理,实施"质量、成本"双领先战略,成功地实现了三年扭亏目标.2000～2001年连续两年成本降低7000多万元,盈利突破1亿元.2002年1～10月份成本降低1.1亿元,资本收益率80.12%,列全国同行业第一.

关键词： blood pressure   heart rate   cardiac output  

摘要： We have developed a laboratory exercise that demonstrates arterial baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) in the conscious unrestrained rat, incorporating graduate level physiological topics as well as a hands-on exposure to conscious animal research. This demonstration utilizes rats chronically instrumented to measure cardiac output (CO), HR, and arterial blood pressure in response to agents that raise or lower blood pressure. The HR response to progressive increases or decreases in blood pressure is recorded, and a baroreflex curve is generated by plotting mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) vs. HR. Observation of altered CO allows for discussion of the relationship between MAP, CO, HR, stroke volume, and total peripheral resistance. Administration of arginine vasopressin demonstrates the ability of this hormone to alter the sensitivity of the baroreflex. Throughout the demonstration, students answer questions from a handout about general cardiovascular physiology, specific pathways of agonists, and the baroreflex system, encouraging group and individual critical analysis of the results. Interpretation of the data reemphasizes lecture material and allows students to observe the baroreflex response in a physiological setting.

关键词： mice   stress   hypoxia   hypercapnia   metabolism   sex dimorphism  

摘要： We evaluated the effects of 2 h of warm (24degreesC) and cold (6degreesC) exposure on metabolism and ventilation (V-E) in conscious male and female Harlan ICR Swiss Webster mice exposed to air, and 8% O-2 in N-2 (hypoxia) and to 5% CO2 in O-2 (hypercapnia) for 2 min each at both temperatures. All cold-exposed mice increased O-2 consumption (V-O2), and maintained body temperature. Cold-exposed females doubled their tidal volume, increased their V-E fivefold, and doubled their ventilatory equivalent to V-O2 (V-E/V-O2). In contrast, cold-exposed males decreased tidal volume and doubled V-E relative to warm exposure. The ventilatory equivalent of males was similar during warm and cold exposure. During warm exposure, mice of both genders increased their ventilatory responses to both hypoxia and to hypercapnia by different mechanisms. In contrast, during cold exposure, these responses were blunted relative to air measurements in females and decreased below air values in males. Thus, cold exposure was able to elicit gender-specific ventilatory and metabolic responses. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel.

关键词： 信用意识   信用风险   控制体系   信用保障   社会评价  

摘要： 探讨了我国企业存在的信用风险问题。针对企业在信用意识、应收帐款的管理滞后、财务部门与业务部门职责不清等问题,阐述了强化信用意识、建立以法制为基础的信用保障体系、完善信用的社会评价体系、建立并实行客户资信管理制度和内部授信管理制度、建立应收帐款管理制度等的重要性。

关键词： 意识形态   控制   全球化   淡化   强化  

摘要： 当前,在中国与世界日益联为一体的全球化大背景下,意识形态领域出现了两种有代表性的错误思想动向。本文从政治态度、基本立场和战略全局着眼,着重批判了形形色色的“淡化”意识形态的主张,同时强调在具体问题上,在战术层面上,要本着马克思主义的科学精神、现实品格和分析方法,以国家利益为轻重缓急和取舍与否的最高标准,坚持有所为,有所不为,有进有退,以退为进,达到不断前进和大有作为的目的。这才是我们在全球化多维观照下应有的态度。

关键词： 意识形态   社会控制  

摘要： 意识形态的社会控制功能集中表现在 :优化社会控制目标。

摘要： The enormous advances in science promise infinite potential in a world that, paradoxically, has become distinctly finite. The benefits of science are offset by adverse unintended effects. They are perpetuated by the structure of technological development and the underlying assumptions within the world view that brought forth those benefits. Causal layered analysis is a futures research tool that enables the creation of transformative spaces in which we can envisage alternative and preferred futures. It focuses on the deeper dimensions, questioning our assumptions and exposing the contradictions and our prejudices. It is applied here to the introduction of genetic engineering in agriculture in New Zealand as a means to illustrate a role for science whereby the "disruption and chaos" may be minimised if not eliminated. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 中国   固定资产投资   投资效益   项目管理   工程监理制度   经济意识   项目投资  

关键词： concurrency control   data replication   real-time transaction processing   two-phase commit   two-phase locking (2PL)   optimistic concurrency control (OCC)   optimistic two-phase locking (O2PL)  

摘要： Data replication can help database systems meet the stringent temporal constraints of current real-time applications, especially Web-based directory and electronic commerce services. A prerequisite for realizing the benefits of replication, however, is the development of high-performance concurrency control mechanisms. In this paper, we present managing isolation in replicated real-time object repositories (MIRROR), a concurrency control protocol specifically designed for firm-deadline applications operating on replicated real-time databases. MIRROR augments the classical O2PL concurrency control protocol with a novel state-based real-time conflict resolution mechanism. In this scheme, the choice of conflict resolution method is a dynamic function of the states of the distributed transactions involved in the conflict. A feature of the design is that acquiring the state knowledge does not require inter-site communication or synchronization, nor does it require modifications to the two-phase commit protocol. Using a detailed simulation model, we compare MIRROR's performance against the real-time versions of a representative set of classical replica concurrency control protocols for a range of transaction workloads and system configurations. Our performance studies show that (a) the relative performance characteristics of these protocols in the real-time environment can be significantly different from their performance in a traditional (non-real-time) database system, (b) MIRROR provides the best performance in both fully and partially replicated environments for real-time applications with low to moderate update frequencies, and (c) MIRROR's simple to implement conflict resolution mechanism works almost as well as more sophisticated strategies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： surgery, dental   anaesthesia, dental   anaesthetics, volatile, sevoflurane   conscious sedation  

摘要： We studied 411 children aged 3-10 years who were referred for dental treatment. They were randomly allocated to have inhalation conscious sedation with either sevoflurane/nitrous oxide mixture or nitrous oxide alone. Dental treatment was satisfactorily completed in 215/241 children who were given sevoflurane/nitrous oxide mixture (89%) compared with 89/170 who were given nitrous oxide alone (52%) (Chi square 70.3, p<0.0001). All children remained conscious and responsive to verbal contact throughout the treatment and in the recovery room. No adverse side-effects were recorded in either group and there were no significant differences in oxygen saturation, heart rate, recovery profile, or time to discharge home between the groups. The study concluded that, for every 100 children treated with sevoflurane/nitrous oxide mixture, 37 children would be saved a general anaesthetic if given combined sevoflurane and nitrous oxide mixture rather than nitrous oxide alone. The use of sevoflurane in low concentrations 0.1-0.3% to supplement nitrous oxide and oxygen for inhalation conscious sedation is safe, practical, and significantly more effective than nitrous oxide alone in children having dental treatment.