关键词： anaesthesia, dental   conscious sedation   anaesthetics : nitrous oxide, sevoflurane   benzodiazepines : midazolam  

摘要： Failure of dental treatment due to anxiety is a common problem in children. The aim of this study was to establish whether the use of a combination of intravenous midazolam with inhalation agents (nitrous oxide alone or in combination with sevoflurane) was any more likely to result in successful completion of treatment than midazolam alone. A further aim was to evaluate the clinical viability of these techniques as an alternative to general anaesthesia. In total, 697 children too anxious for management with relative analgesia and requiring invasive dental procedure for which a general anaesthetic would usually be required, were recruited and randomly assigned to one of three groups given the following interventions: group 1 - a combination of inhaled medical air and titrated intravenous midazolam, group 2 - a combination of inhaled 40% nitrous oxide in oxygen and titrated intravenous midazolam, and group 3 - a combination of an inhaled mixture of sevoflurane 0.3% and nitrous oxide 40% in oxygen with titrated intravenous midazolam. The primary outcome measure was successful completion of the intended dental treatment with a co-operative child responsive to verbal commands. In group 1, 54% (94/174 children) successfully completed treatment. In group 2, 80% (204/256 children) and in group 3, 93% (249/267 children) completed treatment. This difference was significant at the 1% level. Intravenous midazolam, especially in combination with inhaled nitrous oxide or sevoflurane and nitrous oxide, are effective techniques, with the combination of midazolam and sevoflurane the one most likely to result in successful treatment.

关键词： 社会系统   意识形态   国家   社会控制  

摘要： E·拉兹洛对社会系统与控制的论述为意识形态研究提供了新角度和视野。弗洛伊德对原始宗教和道德的研究佐证了E·拉兹洛的观点。这些研究证明,“意识形态”是社会系统对自身反映的形式,同时也是社会系统自我控制的主要手段。在社会主义市场经济条件下,我们应该重新研究意识形态、社会控制和社会系统之间的关系。

关键词： 意识   控制   机器活动   大脑   计算机接口   临床试验  

关键词： 公众   意识形态   文化  

摘要： 本文从意识形态修辞批评的基本理论出发 ,分析海湾战争中 ,美国的媒体如何控制公众的意识 ,进而从意识形态与文化的关系中 ,探讨洋快餐为何变得流行并形成一种快餐文化。

关键词： clinical nursing research   critical care   eye   epithelium   corneal  

摘要： Objective. To compare the efficacy of two forms of eye care (hypromellose and Lacri-Lube combination vs polyethylene/Cling wrap covers) for intensive care patients. Design. Randomised-controlled trial. Setting. University affiliated, tertiary referral hospital. Patients and participants. One hundred ten patients with a reduced or absent blink reflex were followed through until they regained consciousness, were discharged from the facility during study enrolment, died or developed a positive corneal ulcer or eye infection. Interventions. All patients received standard eye cleansing every 2 h. In addition to this, group one (n=60) received a treatment combining hypromellose drops and Lacri-Lube (HL) to each eye every 2 h. Group two (n=50) had polyethylene covers only placed over the eye to create a moisture chamber. Measurements and results. Corneal ulceration was determined using corneal fluorescein stains and mobile slit lamp evaluation, performed daily. No patients had corneal ulceration in the polyethylene cover group, but 4 patients had corneal ulceration in the HL group. Conclusions. Polyethylene covers are as effective as HL in reducing the incidence of corneal damage in intensive care patients.

关键词： 意识控制   机器   美国   人体试验   大脑芯片  

关键词： 成本控制意识   医院改制   医院管理   财务管理   医院资金   财务监督  

摘要： 很多医院正在加快医院的改制工作。单一的非盈利性医院正朝着投资主体多元化的股份制混合型经济形式发展，经营者与职工持股使医院和广大员工真正成为一个命运共同体。医院转换经营机制之后，将成为真正的市场竞争主体与法人治理实体。

关键词： 子女教育   心理控制源   学龄儿童   自我意识   调查  

摘要： 自我意识是个体对自身心理、生理和社会功能状态的知觉和主观评价.自我意识歪曲或障碍,常常是导致人格异常和人格障碍的重要原因.子女教育心理控制源是家长教育子女的心理与行为长期发挥作用的一种心理力量.为了探讨父母心理控制源对学龄期--这一儿童自我意识形成和发展重要阶段的作用,我们进行了本研究.

关键词： PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of gravity   BAROREFLEXES   SYMPATHETIC nervous system   BLOOD pressure   VESTIBULAR apparatus   RATS  

摘要： Gravity acts on the circulatory system to decrease arterial blood pressure (AP) by causing blood redistribution and reduced venous return. To evaluate roles of the baroreflex and vestibulosympathetic reflex (VSR) in maintaining AP during gravitational stress, we measured AP, heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in four groups of conscious rats, which were either intact or had vestibular lesions (VL), sinoaortic denervation (SAD), or VL plus SAD (VL + SAD). The rats were exposed to 3 G in dorsoventral axis by centrifugation for 3 min. In rats in which neither reflex was functional (VL + SAD group), RSNA did not change, but the AP showed a significant decrease (-8 +/- 1 mmHg vs. baseline). In rats with a functional baroreflex, but no VSR (VL group), the AP did not change and there was a slight increase in RSNA (25 +/- 10% vs. baseline). In rats with a functional VSR, but no baroreflex (SAD group), marked increases in both AP and RSNA were observed (AP 31 +/- 6 mmHg and RSNA 87 +/- 10% vs. baseline), showing that the VSR causes an increase in AP in response to gravitational stress; these marked increases were significantly attenuated by the baroreflex in the intact group (AP 9 +/- 2 mmHg and RSNA 38 +/- 7% vs. baseline). In conclusion, AP is controlled by the combination of the baroreflex and VSR. The VSR elicits a huge pressor response during gravitational stress, preventing hypotension due to blood redistribution. In intact rats, this AP increase is compensated by the baroreflex, resulting in only a slight increase in AP. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

关键词： 法纪意识   金融安全   银行   内部控制   金融犯罪  

摘要： 近年来，银行违法违纪案件时有发生，有的发案金额甚至高达数百万元之巨，由此说明银行防范案件的形势依然十分严峻。银行内部控制制度能否为遏制金融违法违纪犯罪提供合理的保障，如何加强银行内部控制制度建设以确保金融安全运行，这些都应引起我们的高度重视。