关键词： autologous blood   blood substitute   clinical biochemistry   hematology   hemodynamic profile   hemorrhagic shock   ischemia reperfusion injury  

摘要： The aim of the present study was to assess several biochemical and physiological endpoint parameters alongside controlled hemorrhagic and recovery phases of chronically instrumented, conscious and unrestrained healthy rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (12-14weeks;430 +/- 20g;n=2218) were instrumented with a saline-perfused femoral arterial catheter and placed individually in a metabolic cage for up to 20 days, allowing instant assessments of the hemodynamic profile and blood and urine sampling for hematological profile and biochemical measurements to assess hepatic, renal and metabolic functions. In addition, body weight, food and water intake, and diuresis were monitored daily. After a 7-day stabilization period, the rats underwent severe and acute hemorrhagic shock (HS) (removal of 50% of total circulating blood volume), kept in hypovolemic shock for an ischemic period of 50 min and then resuscitated over 10 min. Gr. I was re-infused with autologous shed blood (AB;n = 10) whereas Gr. 2 was infused 1:1 with a solution of sterile saline-albumin (SA;7% w/v) (n =8-12). Ischemic rats recovered much more rapidly following AB re-infusion than those receiving SA. Normal hemodynamic and biochemical profiles were re-established after 24 It. Depressed blood pressure lasted 4-5 days in SA rats. The hematological profile in the SA resuscitated rats was even more drastically affected. Circulating plasma concentrations of hemoglobin (-40%), hematocrit (-50%), RBC (-40%) and platelets (- 41%) counts were still severely decreased 24 h after the acute ischemic event whereas WBC counts increased 2.2-fold by day 4. It took 5 - 9 days for these profiles to normalize after ischemia-reperfusion with SA. Diuresis increased in both groups (by 45 7% on day 1) but presented distinct electrolytic profiles. Hepatic and renal functions were normal in AB rats whereas altered in SA rats. The present set of experiments enabled us to validate a model of HS in conscious rats and the use of an integrat

关键词： 审计风险   有效控制   自我保护意识   市场经济   改革开放   经济活动   审计监督   重要课题   审计人员  

摘要： 随着改革开放和市场经济的深入发展,财政经济活动也显现出复杂性、多样性等特点,加之审计监督的范围不断拓宽,力度日渐加大,要求越来越高,审计风险也随之加大,因此,防范和控制审计风险就成为各级审计机关和审计人员需要解决的一个重要课题.本文结合十几年的审计工作实践,谈点浅见与同行商榷.

关键词： ADHD   Attention   Graphonomics   Handwriting   Kinematics  

摘要： Two experiments were performed regarding the effect of conscious control on handwriting fluency in healthy adults and ADHD children. First, 26 healthy students were asked to write a sentence under different conditions. The results indicate that automated handwriting movements are independent from visual feedback. Second, the writing performance of 12 children with ADHD was examined on their usual medication with methylphenidate and under placebo. In comparison to placebo, medication with methylphenidate resulted in a reduced fluency of handwriting. Automated handwriting movements could be elicited in children with ADHD on medication. The results suggest that both visual and mental control of handwriting movements affect the automation of handwriting movements. Furthermore, a simple training procedure was designed and performed in a case study of a boy with ADHD. © 2005 Sage Publications.

关键词： cardiovascular deconditioning   simulated microgravity   parasympathetic nervous system   sympathetic nervous system   ganglionic blockade  

摘要： After periods of microgravity or bed rest, individuals often exhibit reduced V-O2max, hypovolemia, cardiac and vascular effects, and autonomic dysfunction. Recently, alterations in expression of vascular and central nervous system NO synthase (NOS) have been observed in hindlimb-unloaded (HU) rats, a model used to simulate physiological effects of microgravity or bed rest. We examined the effects of 14 days of hindlimb unloading on hemodynamic responses to systemic NOS inhibition in conscious control and HU rats. Because differences in NO and autonomic regulation might occur after hindlimb unloading, we also evaluated potential differences in resting autonomic tone and effects of NOS inhibition after autonomic blockade. Administration of nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME;20 mg/kg iv) increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) to similar levels in control and HU rats. However, the change in MAP in response to L-NAME was less in HU rats, that had an elevated baseline MAP. In separate experiments, atropine (1 mg/kg iv) increased heart rate (HR) in control but not HU rats. Subsequent administration of the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium (30 mg/kg iv) decreased MAP and HR to a greater extent in HU rats. Administration of L-NAME after autonomic blockade increased MAP in both groups to a greater extent compared with intact conditions. However, the pressor response to L-NAME was still reduced in HU rats. These data suggest that hindlimb unloading in rats reduces peripheral NO as well as cardiac parasympathetic tone. Along with elevations in sympathetic tone, these effects likely contribute to alterations in vascular control and changes in autonomic reflex function following spaceflight or bed rest.

关键词： 经济控制   企业国有资产   国有企业改革   特设机构   国有资产管理   国有经济结构   有效实现形式   国有资产收  

摘要： 根据中央的统一部署,经省委、省政府研究决定,2004年5月19日,福建省人民政府国有资产监督管理委员会挂牌成立,正式对外办公。省国资委系福建省人民政府直属正厅级特设机构,代表省政府履行出资人职责,监管省属企业(不含金融类企业)的国有资产。主要职责:(1)履行出资人职责,指导推进国有企业改革和重组;对所出资企业国有资产的保值增值进行监督,加强国有资产的管理工作;

关键词： distributed and embedded control systems   customized middleware   controller area network   embedded inter ORB protocol   compact common data representation  

摘要： While it is imperative to exploit middleware technologies in developing software for distributed embedded control systems, it is also necessary to tailor them to meet the stringent resource constraints and performance requirements of embedded control systems. In this paper, we propose a CORBA-based middleware for Controller Area Network (CAN) bus systems. Our design goals are to reduce the memory footprint and remote method invocation overhead of the middleware and make it support group communication that is often needed in embedded control systems. To achieve these, we develop a transport protocol on the CAN and a group communication scheme based on the publisher/subscriber model by realizing subject-based addressing that utilizes the message filtering mechanism of the CAN. We also customize the method invocation and message passing protocol of CORBA so that CORBA method invocations are efficiently serviced on a low-bandwidth network such as the CAN. This customization includes packed data encoding and variable-length integer encoding for compact representation of IDL data types. We have implemented our CORBA-based middleware using GNU ORBit. We report on the memory footprint and method invocation latency of our implementation. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 防范意识   控制流脑   解放军302医院   传播   传染病专家   喷射性呕吐   春季气候   不明原因   剧烈头痛   烦躁不安   姜素椿   季节   发病率   咽喉痛   出血点   病人   症状  

摘要： 针对近期在安徽发生的新型流脑疫情,我国著名传染病专家、解放军302医院姜素椿教授近日表示,冬春季气候冷暖不定,是"流脑"的多发季节,这一季节流脑的发病率占全年的60%左右.在流脑高发季节,一旦发现不明原因的发热、乏力、咽喉痛等症状的病人,应提高警惕.

关键词： glycemia   liver   fluvoxamine  

摘要： Whether hyperinsulinemia is required for stimulation of net hepatic glucose uptake (NHGU) by a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) was examined in four groups of conscious 42-h-fasted dogs, using arteriovenous difference and tracer ([3-H-3] glucose) techniques. Experiments consisted of equilibration (-120 to -30 min), basal (-30 to 0 min), and experimental periods (Exp;0-240 min). During Exp, somatostatin, intraportal insulin [at basal (Ins groups) or 4-fold basal rates (INS groups)], basal intraportal glucagon, and peripheral glucose (to double hepatic glucose load) were infused. In the Fluv-Ins (n=7) and Fluv-INS groups (n=6), saline was infused intraportally from 0 to 90 min (P1), and fluvoxamine was infused intraportally at 2 ***(-1).min(-1) from 90 to 240 min (P2). Sal-Ins (n=9) and Sal-INS (n=8) received intraportal saline in P1 and P2. NHGU during P2 was 8.4+/-1.4 and 6.9+/-2.3 ***(-1).min(-1) in Sal-Ins and Fluv-Ins, respectively (not significant), and 13.3+/-2.2 and 20.9+/-3.1 ***(-1).min(-1) (P<0.05) in Sal-INS and Fluv-INS. Unidirectional (tracer-determined) hepatic glucose uptake was twofold greater (P<0.05) in Fluv-INS than Sal-INS. Net hepatic carbon retention during P2 was significantly greater in Fluv-INS than Sal-INS (18.5+/-2.7 vs. 12.2+/-1.9 ***(-1).min(-1)). Nonhepatic glucose uptake was reduced in Fluv-INS vs. Sal-INS (20.0+/-1.3 vs. 38.4+/-5.4 ***(-1).min(-1), P<0.05). Intraportal fluvoxamine enhanced NHGU and net hepatic carbon retention in the presence of hyperinsulinemia but not euinsulinemia, suggesting that hepatocyte-targeted SSRIs may reduce postprandial hyperglycemia.

关键词： 成本控制   成本意识   旅游饭店   管理问题   成本费用   费用管理   新理念  

摘要： 本文针对旅游饭店的成本费用管理问题,介绍了成本意识与成本控制,提出了树立现代成本费用管理、成本控制的新理念。