关键词： 审计风险   有效控制   自我保护意识   市场经济   改革开放   经济活动   审计监督   重要课题   审计人员  

摘要： 随着改革开放和市场经济的深入发展,财政经济活动也显现出复杂性、多样性等特点,加之审计监督的范围不断拓宽,力度日渐加大,要求越来越高,审计风险也随之加大,因此,防范和控制审计风险就成为各级审计机关和审计人员需要解决的一个重要课题.本文结合十几年的审计工作实践,谈点浅见与同行商榷.

关键词： cardiovascular deconditioning   simulated microgravity   parasympathetic nervous system   sympathetic nervous system   ganglionic blockade  

摘要： After periods of microgravity or bed rest, individuals often exhibit reduced V-O2max, hypovolemia, cardiac and vascular effects, and autonomic dysfunction. Recently, alterations in expression of vascular and central nervous system NO synthase (NOS) have been observed in hindlimb-unloaded (HU) rats, a model used to simulate physiological effects of microgravity or bed rest. We examined the effects of 14 days of hindlimb unloading on hemodynamic responses to systemic NOS inhibition in conscious control and HU rats. Because differences in NO and autonomic regulation might occur after hindlimb unloading, we also evaluated potential differences in resting autonomic tone and effects of NOS inhibition after autonomic blockade. Administration of nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME;20 mg/kg iv) increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) to similar levels in control and HU rats. However, the change in MAP in response to L-NAME was less in HU rats, that had an elevated baseline MAP. In separate experiments, atropine (1 mg/kg iv) increased heart rate (HR) in control but not HU rats. Subsequent administration of the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium (30 mg/kg iv) decreased MAP and HR to a greater extent in HU rats. Administration of L-NAME after autonomic blockade increased MAP in both groups to a greater extent compared with intact conditions. However, the pressor response to L-NAME was still reduced in HU rats. These data suggest that hindlimb unloading in rats reduces peripheral NO as well as cardiac parasympathetic tone. Along with elevations in sympathetic tone, these effects likely contribute to alterations in vascular control and changes in autonomic reflex function following spaceflight or bed rest.

关键词： 经济控制   企业国有资产   国有企业改革   特设机构   国有资产管理   国有经济结构   有效实现形式   国有资产收  

摘要： 根据中央的统一部署,经省委、省政府研究决定,2004年5月19日,福建省人民政府国有资产监督管理委员会挂牌成立,正式对外办公。省国资委系福建省人民政府直属正厅级特设机构,代表省政府履行出资人职责,监管省属企业(不含金融类企业)的国有资产。主要职责:(1)履行出资人职责,指导推进国有企业改革和重组;对所出资企业国有资产的保值增值进行监督,加强国有资产的管理工作;

关键词： distributed and embedded control systems   customized middleware   controller area network   embedded inter ORB protocol   compact common data representation  

摘要： While it is imperative to exploit middleware technologies in developing software for distributed embedded control systems, it is also necessary to tailor them to meet the stringent resource constraints and performance requirements of embedded control systems. In this paper, we propose a CORBA-based middleware for Controller Area Network (CAN) bus systems. Our design goals are to reduce the memory footprint and remote method invocation overhead of the middleware and make it support group communication that is often needed in embedded control systems. To achieve these, we develop a transport protocol on the CAN and a group communication scheme based on the publisher/subscriber model by realizing subject-based addressing that utilizes the message filtering mechanism of the CAN. We also customize the method invocation and message passing protocol of CORBA so that CORBA method invocations are efficiently serviced on a low-bandwidth network such as the CAN. This customization includes packed data encoding and variable-length integer encoding for compact representation of IDL data types. We have implemented our CORBA-based middleware using GNU ORBit. We report on the memory footprint and method invocation latency of our implementation. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： glycemia   liver   fluvoxamine  

摘要： Whether hyperinsulinemia is required for stimulation of net hepatic glucose uptake (NHGU) by a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) was examined in four groups of conscious 42-h-fasted dogs, using arteriovenous difference and tracer ([3-H-3] glucose) techniques. Experiments consisted of equilibration (-120 to -30 min), basal (-30 to 0 min), and experimental periods (Exp;0-240 min). During Exp, somatostatin, intraportal insulin [at basal (Ins groups) or 4-fold basal rates (INS groups)], basal intraportal glucagon, and peripheral glucose (to double hepatic glucose load) were infused. In the Fluv-Ins (n=7) and Fluv-INS groups (n=6), saline was infused intraportally from 0 to 90 min (P1), and fluvoxamine was infused intraportally at 2 ***(-1).min(-1) from 90 to 240 min (P2). Sal-Ins (n=9) and Sal-INS (n=8) received intraportal saline in P1 and P2. NHGU during P2 was 8.4+/-1.4 and 6.9+/-2.3 ***(-1).min(-1) in Sal-Ins and Fluv-Ins, respectively (not significant), and 13.3+/-2.2 and 20.9+/-3.1 ***(-1).min(-1) (P<0.05) in Sal-INS and Fluv-INS. Unidirectional (tracer-determined) hepatic glucose uptake was twofold greater (P<0.05) in Fluv-INS than Sal-INS. Net hepatic carbon retention during P2 was significantly greater in Fluv-INS than Sal-INS (18.5+/-2.7 vs. 12.2+/-1.9 ***(-1).min(-1)). Nonhepatic glucose uptake was reduced in Fluv-INS vs. Sal-INS (20.0+/-1.3 vs. 38.4+/-5.4 ***(-1).min(-1), P<0.05). Intraportal fluvoxamine enhanced NHGU and net hepatic carbon retention in the presence of hyperinsulinemia but not euinsulinemia, suggesting that hepatocyte-targeted SSRIs may reduce postprandial hyperglycemia.

关键词： 成本控制   成本意识   旅游饭店   管理问题   成本费用   费用管理   新理念  

摘要： 本文针对旅游饭店的成本费用管理问题,介绍了成本意识与成本控制,提出了树立现代成本费用管理、成本控制的新理念。

关键词： 央行   金融宏观调控   存贷款利率   宏观经济运行   人民银行职能   行业投资   公开市场操作   能力   中国   《决定》  

摘要： 一、强化大局意识。提高金融宏观调控能力。当前，我国金融改革进入了一个非常重要的时期。人民银行职能转变后。央行面临的形势更为复杂，担负的任务更为繁重。认真学习贯彻落实《决定》精神，坚持科学执政的原则，不断提高央行金融宏观调控的能力和水平，显得十分重要和紧迫。针对我国宏观经济运行中出现部分行业投资过热的问题，人民银行采取了一系列调控措施，如提高存款准备金率。加大票据公开市场操作力度，上调存贷款利率等。收到了明显成效。

关键词： 意识控制   疾病治疗   物质与意识  

摘要： 医疗技术的发展并不是治疗疾病的唯一手段。认识到意识控制在疾病治疗中的作用，对于现代医学的发展是有一定积极意义的。本文在坚持这一观点的前提下，初步探讨了意识控制在疾病治疗中的重要作用。

关键词： GLUCOSE   MUSCLES   GLUCOKINASE   INSULIN   PHOSPHORYLATION  

摘要： The aim of this study was to test whether in fact glucose transport is rate-limiting in control of muscle glucose uptake (MGU) under physiological hyperinsulinaemic conditions in the conscious, unrestrained mouse. C57Bl/6J mice overexpressing GLUT4 (GLUT4(Tg)), hexokinase II (HKTg), or both (GLUT4(Tg) + HKTg), were compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. Catheters were implanted into a carotid artery and jugular vein for sampling and infusions at 4 month of age. After a 5-day recovery period, conscious mice underwent one of two protocols (n = 8-14/group) after a 5-h fast. Saline or insulin (4 mU kg(-1) min(-1)) was infused for 120 min. All mice received a bolus of 2-deoxy [H-3] glucose (2-(3)HDG) at 95 min. Glucose was clamped at similar to165 mg dl(-1) during insulin infusion and insulin levels reached similar to80 muU ml(-1). The rate of disappearance of 2-(3)HDG from the blood provided an index of whole body glucose clearance. Gastrocnemius, superficial vastus lateralis and soleus muscles were excised at 120 min to determine 2-(3)HDG-6-phosphate levels and calculate an index of MGU (R-g). Results show that whole body and tissue-specific indices of glucose utilization were: (1) augmented by GLUT4 overexpression, but not HKII overexpression, in the basal state;(2) enhanced by HKII overexpression in the presence of physiological hyperinsulinaemia;and (3) largely unaffected by GLUT4 overexpression during insulin clamps whether alone or combined with HKII overexpression. Therefore, while glucose transport is the primary barrier to MGU under basal conditions, glucose phosphorylation becomes a more important barrier during physiological hyperinsulinaemia in all muscles. The control of MGU is distributed rather than confined to a single rate-limiting step such as glucose transport as glucose transport and phosphorylation can both become barriers to skeletal muscle glucose influx.

关键词： 初中生   自我意识   控制知觉   子女教育心理控制源  

摘要： 目的:(1)探讨初中学生自我意识、控制知觉及初中生家长的子女教育控制源的发展状况并探讨子女教育控制源与初中学生自我意识、控制知觉关系，以及初中学生的控制知觉与自我意识的关系。(2)通过本研究为提高家庭教育的科学性提供理论依据，为初中学生培养正确自我意识提供理论依据。\n 方法:选取石家庄市初一和初二年级学生373名，采用子女教育心理控制源量表(PLOC)， Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表(PHSS)，儿童控制知觉多维度测查表(MMCPC)进行团体施测。\n 结论:(1)子女教育控制源与家长自身客观条件相关，社会地位较高、文化修养较高、家庭收入较高、家庭结构不完整的父母更倾向于内部控制，男性家长更倾向于内部控制。\n (2)子女教育控制源与儿童的自我意识水平负相关。\n (3)子女教育控制源与儿童的自我控制知觉正相关。\n (4)初中学生自我意识与许多学校因素相关，热点学校、重点班级、学业优良、女性学生的自我意识水平分别高于普通学校、普通班、学业较差、男性的学生。\n (5)初中学生控制知觉的状况与学校各因素相关。热点学校、重点班、初二年级、学业成绩良好的初中学生的控制知觉呈内部控制趋势，普通学校、普通班的初中学生的控制知觉呈外部控制趋势。\n (6)初中学生的控制知觉与自我意识显著负相关。\n 建议:(1)家长应主动提高自身素质，诸如提高文化素养、责任意识、处理亲子关系的技巧。(2)父亲更多地参与家庭教育。(3)社会应设置家庭教育的辅助机构，为家长经常性地提供家教新理念、教育方式咨询、疑难问题解答的服务。(4)教育行政部门应合理配置教育资源，取消重点班、非重点班的建制，加强非热点学校的建设。(5)家长和学校应加强对学生归因方式的训练。(6)学生应主动参与社会生活实践，提高责任意识。