关键词： advanced cancer   anorexia   cachexia   coping   grounded theory   qualitative methods  

摘要： The psychosocial strategies used by advanced cancer patients to manage anorexia are poorly described. A greater understanding of them may guide clinicians to provide appropriate interventions to patients and caregivers. Methods: Glaserian Grounded Theory was used to recruit and analyse data from two women and seven men with advanced cancer suffering from anorexia. They were interviewed about the emotional and social impact of appetite loss and the strategies that they used to compensate for reduced food intake. Results: Shifting to conscious control (overeating) was the basic social psychological process employed by participants to manage the emotional and social consequences of declining intake. Although a number of symptoms were found to contribute, nausea or the anticipation of emesis provoked by food was most commonly named as the ultimate barrier to eating. Discussion: Participants retained the motivation and ability to eat without appetite, providing the intake of food did not provoke nausea or the anticipation of emesis. Nutritional interventions must be tailored around patients' eating capabilities. Counselling and education programmes that assist family members in understanding the shift to conscious control over eating are required.

关键词： 医院感染   消毒供应室   强化意识  

摘要： 医院感染是指患者入院时既不存在又不处于其潜伏期的感染。消毒供应室是医院的重要组成部分,是医院质量管理的重要科室,也是医院感染管理的重点科室。它担负着全院多项工作所需的各种无菌器材、敷料和其他无菌物品等的供应任务,同时又集中了物品的回收、清洗、消毒、灭菌等环节,其工作

关键词： 性成熟   性意识   性观念   自我控制  

摘要： 本研究以长春市东四小学、东北师大附属小学、省二实验小学的小五、小六年级学生为被试，通过访谈法与问卷调查法对11—13岁青少年的性成熟、性意识、性观念、性知识与自我控制水平进行调查，得出如下结论： (1)在222位被调查者中已经有近三分之一的人第一性征发育成熟。第二性征发育方面，女生性生理发育明显比男生性生理发育快，六年级明显比五年级发育的更好。 (2)从性意识的发展阶段来看，小学五六年级还依然处在“性意识的潜伏期”和“两性疏远期”。男生对遗精的态度比女生对月经的态度更为自然。 (3)性观念方面，男生比女生的观念表现得更开放。但大部分同学还未形成自己的性观念。所以小学阶段是性观念形成的关键期。 (4)性知识的获取方面，女生更愿意接受母亲的教育，男生更愿意通过各种宣传媒体获得。所以我们呼唤家庭教育和学校正规教育。 (5)在自我控制方面，小学五六年级是培养自我控制水平的关键期，在整体表现出较低的自我控制水平。 通过对小学高年级性成熟、性意识、性观念和自我控制的发展特征的调查研究，为今后的性教育得到两点启示： (1)从幼儿园到小学、中学和大学应该建立系统的有针对性的性教育。在小学阶段开展性教育意义更加重大。 (2)青春期性教育应以人格教育为核心，以培养自我控制能力为基础。

关键词： kidney   renal clearance   lithium   conscious rats  

摘要： Servo-controlled fluid and sodium replacement during clearance studies is used in order to prevent loss of body fluid and sodium following diuretic/natriuretic procedures. However, even under control conditions, the use of this technique is sometimes associated with increases in proximal tubular fluid output ( assessed by lithium clearance) and excretion rates. The present study examined the reason for these increases. The first series of experiments showed that one cause is volume overloading. This can occur if the servo system is activated from the start, i.e., during the establishment of a suitably high urine flow rate by constant infusion of hypotonic glucose solution. The second series of experiments showed that replacement of blood samples with donor blood can also lead to increases in fractional lithium excretion and accompanying increases in water and sodium excretion, a problem not seen when blood samples are replaced with the animal's own red blood cells resuspended in isotonic saline. When these pitfalls are avoided, servo-controlled sodium and fluid replacement is a reliable technique that makes it possible to study the effects of natriuretic and/or diuretic stimuli without interference from unwanted changes in extracellular volume. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.

摘要： Purpose: This study was designed to compare hemodynamic changes, respiratory depression, and patient satisfaction between a bolus of fentanyl and an infusion of alfentanil during target-controlled propofol infusion in third molar extraction under conscious sedation. Patients and Methods: Forty patients were randomly assigned to receive either a bolus of fentanyl (n = 24) or an infusion of alfentanil (n = 16) in combination with target-controlled propofol infusion. Hemodynamic changes, respiratory depression, sedation, and cooperation scores were recorded during surgery and patient satisfaction scores were assessed after surgery. Results: Changes in mean blood pressure, heart rate, or oxygen saturation within and between the groups were not significant throughout the procedure. There were no significant differences in sedation, cooperation, and patient satisfaction scores between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Because there was no difference in hemodynamic variables and patient satisfaction scores between a bolus of fentanyl and an infusion of alfentanil during target-controlled propofol infusion, both combinations are suitable for conscious sedation in third molar extraction.

关键词： 风险管理   中央企业   国资委   控制意识   业绩考核   风险控制   国有资产   李寿生  

摘要： 近日，国务院国资委业绩考核局局长李寿生表示，中央企业普遍存在风险控制和风险管理不力问题，如果再不引起重视并采取有效措施，一旦风险失控，将会导致国有资产严重受损。

关键词： baroreceptor reflex   Mayer waves   norepinephrine   sympathetic nervous system  

摘要： Previous studies have shown that the sympathetically mediated oscillations of arterial pressure (AP), the so-called Mayer waves, are shifted from 0.4 to 0.6 Hz after acute alpha-adrenoceptor blockade in conscious rats. This raises the possibility that, under physiological conditions, Mayer waves are mediated by the conjoint action of norepinephrine and other sympathetic cotransmitters. To evaluate the possible role of the cotransmitter ATP in determining the frequency of Mayer waves, AP and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were simultaneously recorded in 10 conscious rats with cardiac autonomic blockade before and after acute blockade of P2 receptors with pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid. P2 receptor blockade did not alter the mean level and overall variability of AP and RSNA but shifted peak coherence between AP and RSNA from 0.43 +/- 0.02 to 0.22 +/- 0.01 Hz. A model of the sympathetic limb of the arterial baroreceptor reflex was designed to simulate Mayer waves at 0.2 and 0.6 Hz, with norepinephrine and ATP, respectively, acting as the sole sympathetic cotransmitter. When both cotransmitters acted in concert, a single oscillation was observed at 0.4 Hz when the gain ratio of the adrenergic to the purinergic components was set at 15. The model thus accounted for an important role for ATP in determining Mayer wave frequency, but not in sustaining the mean level of AP or controlling its overall variability.

关键词： 科幻电影   精神病   好莱坞   人的意识  

摘要： 　　原本想以让·皮埃尔·热奈的<孩子失踪的城市>(The City of Lost Children又名<童梦失魂夜>)作为这一系列影评的第二篇,但遍寻不获,倒是偶然翻到了手边这张<黑暗城市>(Dark City又名<移魂都市>).当初看这部片子时的赞叹仍历历在目,于是就暂且先拿这个"城市"来代替那个失踪的"城市"吧.……

关键词： 中国想象   意识形态控制   自由度   沈阳师范大学   中国文化   学术研讨会   文学研究所   消费时代   大专院校   科研机构  

摘要： 2006年5月9日至11日,由北京文联研究部、沈阳师范大学中国文化与文学研究所联合举办的“中国想象”与文化消费时代学术研讨会在沈阳师范大学召开。来自全国各大专院校、科研机构的学者、教授有:陈晓明、程光炜、陈福民、张恬、朱大可、张未民、蒋原伦、张清华、吴义勤、高楠、张伟;著名作家刘兆林、马秋芬、马晓丽;沈阳师大教授孟繁华、贺绍俊、季红真、李泽淳等四十余人参加了研讨会。与会者认为,在全球化向着纵深发展的时代,“中国想象”在文化消费时代更加多样和丰富。在各种文艺样式中,“中国”的形象在想象中被充分地塑造出来。不仅西方在“想象中国”,而且本土的文学艺术也以不同的方式重塑了中国的形象。一方面,这与中国在国际事务中的地位不断提升、中国的综合国力不断增强有关;另一方面,也与文学艺术生产和资讯手段的空前发达有关。在小说、戏剧、电影、电视、广告、城市建设等各个领域,“中国想象”得以充分的表达。如何判断和阐释中国的想象、形象以及文化消费时代的文学艺术,成为当下学界共同关心的现实问题。学界如何在全球化语境中寻找到自己的话语权和生长点,如何创建能够回应现实问题、具有本土特征的文学理论批评话语,是一个迫切需要讨论和解决的问题。与会学者、作家围绕“中国想象”与文化消费时代的诸问题展开了广泛、深入的讨论。与会学者、作家普遍认为,会议论题有极强的现实性,虽然不可能通过一次会议得到全面解决,但讨论推进了问题向纵深层面的展开,学者、作家不同的思路和视角使与会者相互受到启发,许多有价值的观点和看法逐渐清晰。这里集中发表几篇会议提交的论文,它们从不同角度阐释了“中国想象”与文化消费时代的关系。无论他们持有怎样的观点,可以肯定的是,他们讨论的问题是真问题,也是学界在当下的文化语境中共同关心的问题。我相信,对这一问题的讨论还将持续下去,因为它与我们每一个人有关。

关键词： 生理心理学  

ISBN: (数字)7543844702 ISBN: (纸本)7543844702

摘要： 本书分八个部分，分别阐述了心理生理学的性质、心理生理学中的重要概念、自动平衡、心理生理学的刺激和反应、人格和自主反应、测谎、心身疾患、意识自我调节的新方法——生物反馈等问题。