关键词： 临床医务人员   医院感染   控制意识  

摘要： 目的充分提高临床医务人员医院感染预防控制参与意识。方法将基础知识融入宣传周活动,将基本技能融入技能竞赛中。结果医院感染控制在行动的活动,极大的调动了临床医务人员感染预防控制的参与意识;全院54个临床科室,27个辅助科室,共2483人参加,占全院职工的75.0%;该次活动前后医护人员手卫生依从性的测试中,医师的手卫生依从性由活动前16.3%,提高到活动后36.4%,提高了20.1%,护士由活动前24.6%,提高到活动后37.5%,提高了12.9%。结论医院感染预防控制需要临床医务人员的共同参与,提高全院医务人员的医院感染控制意识,可推动临床医院感染控制工作的深入。

关键词： Global positioning system  

摘要： A movement control algorithm is presented to improve the performance of mobile Ad Hoc networks on condition that positions are unavailable for nodes. The algorithm proposes a way to move the mobile nodes to the optimal position, only according to the detected signal strength. Beginning with the definition of the performance function, the article then proves that the moving target can be fixed at the point with the optimal solution of the function. The algorithm leads the mobile node into the optimal location from anywhere it stays. Finally, the simulation results show that the newly designed movement algorithm can be used to seek out the optimal point, and meanwhile minimize the transmission cost by moving the node to this point.

关键词： BRAIN function localization   INDIVIDUAL differences   SUBCONSCIOUSNESS   MOTOR ability   GABA   NEUROCHEMISTRY   MAGNETIC resonance imaging  

摘要： Subliminal visual stimuli affect motor planning [1], but the size of such effects differs greatly between individuals [2, 3]. Here, we investigated whether such variation may be related to neurochemical differences between people. Cortical responsiveness is expected to be lower under the influence of more of the main inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA [4]. Thus, we hypothesized that, if an individual has more GABA in the supplementary motor area (SMA)-a region previously associated with automatic motor control [5] this would result in smaller subliminal effects. We measured the reversed masked prime-or negative compatibility-effect, and found that it correlated strongly with GABA concentration, measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This occurred specifically in the SMA region, and not in other regions from which spectroscopy measurements were taken. We replicated these results in an independent cohort: more GABA in the SMA region is reliably associated with smaller effect size. These findings suggest that, across individuals, the responsiveness of subconscious motor mechanisms is related to GABA concentration in the SMA.

关键词： 供应室   消毒   知识培训   质量控制  

摘要： 消毒供应室的工作质量与医院感染有着不可分割的联系,为保障医疗质量与医疗安全,近年来国家对消毒供应室的质量管理提出了更高的要求。随着卫生部强制性卫生行业标准的实施，消毒供应室工作人员的质量控制意识需要进一步提高，为此护士长必须加强对工作人员法律知识及岗位知识的培训，现将2009年1月-2010年3月我院消毒供应室的培训情况总结如下，与同行们共同探讨。

关键词： arterial pressure   baroreceptors   cardiovascular regulation  

摘要： Yoshimoto M, Nagata K, Miki K. Differential control of renal and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity during freezing behavior in conscious rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 299: R1114-R1120, 2010. First published August 11, 2010;doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00831.2009.-The present study was designed to document changes in sympathetic nerve activity and cardiovascular function when conscious rats were challenged with a noise stressor to induce freezing behavior. The potential contribution of the arterial baroreceptors in regulating sympathetic nerve activity and cardiovascular adjustments during the freezing behavior was then examined. Wistar male rats were assigned to sham-operated (SO) and sinoaortic-denervated (SAD) groups and instrumented chronically with electrodes for measurements of renal (RSNA) and lumbar (LSNA) sympathetic nerve activity, electroencephalogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram and catheters for measurements of systemic arterial and central venous pressure. Both SO and SAD rats were exposed to 90 dB of white noise for 10 min, causing freezing behavior in both groups. In SO rats, freezing behavior was associated with an immediate and significant (P < 0.05) increase in RSNA, no changes in LSNA or mean arterial pressure, and a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in heart rate. SAD attenuated the magnitude of the immediate increase in RSNA and had no influence on the response in LSNA during freezing behavior compared with SO rats. Moreover, in SAD rats, mean arterial pressure increased significantly (P < 0.05) while heart rate did not change during the freezing behavior. These data indicate that freezing behavior evokes regionally different changes in sympathetic outflows, which may be involved in generating the patterned responses of cardiovascular function to stressful or threatening sensory stimulation. Moreover, it is suggested that the arterial baroreceptors are involved in generating the differential changes in RSNA and LSNA and thus the pa

关键词： Lower limb movements   Cortical control   Cortical neural recording   Neurons and muscles   Monkey  

摘要： Technical challenges to record cortical unit spikes in conscious behavior monkeys have been presenting constraints in the investigation of cortical control of lower limb. Here we report a novel experimental system for investigation of correlation between cortical neuronal signals and standing and squatting movement. The system consists of a specially designed chair, a standing and squatting task training paradigm and a neuron recording setup with microdrivable electrodes. With this system, a monkey can perform standing up and squatting down tasks while the head is relatively stationary to allow accurate single cortical unit recordings. The spike activities of single motor cortical units, the kinematics and muscle activities from monkeys functioning lower limb motion tasks were successfully recorded simultaneously for analyses of cortical control of lower limb functions and correlations between activity patterns of cortical neurons and lower limb muscles. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 资本主义意识形态   主流意识形态   认同   控制  

摘要： 资本主义意识形态虽然有其自身无法克服的内在矛盾,但自从战胜封建意识形态以来,先是被英美等发达资本主义国家普遍认同,而成为主流意识形态,后又扩大到欧洲,乃至世界各地。资本主义意识形态的认同与控制策略主要有:不断扬弃、调整、修正,使其适应资本主义的发展;利用传媒、宗教等加强对意识形态的宣传与控制;利用霸权向外输出,并采取各种手段打压异己,维护资本主义意识形态。探讨资本主义实现意识形态认同和控制的策略,可为我国社会主义主流意识形态建设提供借鉴。

关键词： 实验比较   实验条件的控制  

摘要： 所有的实验,都是在条件控制下进行的。体现控制实验条件思想的最常见的教学手段是实验比较法。人教版初中化学教材实验类型,多数实验属于比较法。因此在具体的教学过程中,我们教师需要做到：突出实验方法引导分析,注意凸显实验比较思想;适时改进增加比较探究,促进学生形成条件控制意识。

关键词： Baroreflex   Nucleus ambiguus   Vagal efferent   Cardiac ganglia   Heart   Diabetes  

摘要： Baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) is impaired in human diabetes mellitus and in large experimental models. However, baroreflex impairment in diabetic mouse models and diabetes-induced remodeling of baroreflex circuitry are not well studied. We examined the impairment of baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) and assessed structural remodeling of cardiac ganglia in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model. FVB mice were either injected with vehicle or STZ. Group 1: mice were anesthetized and the femoral artery and vein were catheterized at the 30th day after vehicle or SIT injection. On the second day after surgery, baroreflex-mediated HR responses to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and phenylephrine (FE)-induced mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) changes were measured in conscious mice. Group 2: Fluoro-Gold was administered (i.p.) to label cardiac ganglia in each mouse at the 25th day after vehicle or STZ injection. After another five days, animals were perfused and cardiac ganglia were examined using confocal microscopy. Compared with control, we found in STZ mice: 1) the HR decreased, but MABP did not. 2) The PE-induced increases of MABP were decreased. 3) Baroreflex bradycardia was attenuated in the rapid MABP ascending phase but the steady-state Delta HR/Delta MABP was not different at all PE doses. 4) SNP-induced MABP decreases were not different. 5) Baroreflex tachycardia was attenuated. 6) The sizes of cardiac ganglia and ganglionic principal neurons were decreased. 7) The ratio of nucleus/cell body of cardiac ganglionic neurons was increased. We conclude that baroreflex control of HR is impaired in conscious SIT mice. In addition, diabetes may induce a significant structural remodeling of cardiac ganglia. Such an anatomical change of cardiac ganglia may provide new information for the understanding of diabetes-induced remodeling of the multiple components within the baroreflex circuitry. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.