关键词： 疾病预防控制中心   责任意识   艾滋病初筛实验室   突发公共卫生事件   中心实验室   安康   县卫生防疫站   预防接种门诊  

摘要： 沽益县疾病预防控制中心成立于2003年，前身为沾益县卫生防疫站和沾益县健康教育所。现有业务用房2800m2，职工31人。内设疾控科、免规科、艾防科、慢传科、慢病科、公卫科、健教科、检验科、预防接种门诊、办公室。2004年9月获得全国碘缺乏病实验室质量控制网络合格实验室资质；2004年12月中心实验室通过国家计量认证；2005年9月获得职业健康检查资质；2006年9月获得艾滋病初筛实验室资质：建立了传染病、地方病、职业病、艾滋病、结核病、免疫规划、儿童预防接种、突发公共卫生事件、死因监测、食源性疾病监测等10个网络直报管理系统。

关键词： 下意识   潜意识   意识控制   安全管理  

摘要： 安全事故的发生,除了责任人安全意识不强,安全技能不高外,人的"下意识"和"潜意识"作用也是一个重要因素。文章以人的"下意识"、"潜意识"现象为背景,指出人在"下意识"和"潜意识"作用下存在的安全隐患,说明事故的产生与人的意识控制,即与人本身的体质、所处的工作环境、大脑的兴奋程度密切相关,从深层次揭示了人的生理、心理所造成的安全问题,提出了控制"下意识"和养成"潜意识"的措施,以增加安全作业的可靠度。

关键词： 成本测算   要素资源   价格平台   控制原则  

摘要： 随着建筑行业竞争日趋激烈,施工企业能否在激烈市场竞争中立于不败之地,关键在于施工企业能否为业主提供质量高、工期短、造价低的建筑产品;相信很多拥有一定施工技术力量的施工企业均能满足质量高、工期短,关键是价格能否低下来。而企业在提供价格低的建筑产品之后自身还必须能生存和发展,其核心则是有无低廉的施工成本。企业的施工成本水平到底如何?本文主要介绍成本测算和成本控制的一些意识。

关键词： 新任护士长   医院感染   预防控制  

摘要： 护理队伍人才老化与更新需要医院每年从工作出色的优秀护士中选拔科室护士长。护士长作为科室预防和控制医院感染管理的第一责任人,起着至关重要的作用。

关键词： 化学实验   实验条件控制   中学阶段  

摘要： 探讨了实验条件控制的内涵及在中学阶段学生的认识发展,提出教师要树立实验条件控制意识,提升化学实验教学的品质。在此基础上,对目前化学实验教学中实验条件控制方面存在的问题进行了分析,并给出了若干改进建议。

关键词： Mindfulness   Conscious presence   Soldiers   Trauma   Validation   Questionnaire  

摘要： Background: The concept of 'mindfulness' was operationalized primarily for patients with chronic stressors, while it is rarely used in reference to soldiers. We intended to validate a modified instrument on the basis of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) to measure soldiers' situational awareness ("mindfulness") in stressful situations/missions. The instrument we will explore in this paper is termed the Conscious Presence and Self Control (CPSC) scale. Methods: The CPSC and further instruments, i.e., Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), stressful military experiences (PCL-M), life satisfaction (BMLSS), Positive Life Construction (ePLC), and self-perceived health affections (VAS), were administered to 281 German soldiers. The soldiers were mainly exposed to explosive ordnance, military police, medical service, and patients with posttraumatic stress disorders. Results: The 10-item CPSC scale exhibited a one-factorial structure and showed a good internal consistence (Cronbach's alpha = .86);there were neither ceiling nor bottom effects. The CPSC scores correlated moderately with Positive Life Construction and life satisfaction, and negatively with perceived stress and health affections. Regression analyses indicated that posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (negative), and the development of effective strategies to deal with disturbing pictures and experiences (positive) were the best predictor of soldiers' CPSC scores. Soldiers with health affections exhibiting impact upon their daily life had significantly lower CPSC scores than those without impairment (F=8.1;p < .0001). Conclusions: As core conceptualizations of 'mindfulness' are not necessarily discussed in a military context, the FMI was adopted for military personnel populations, while its two factorial structure with the sub-constructs 'acceptance' and 'presence' was retained. The resulting 10-item CPSC scale had good internal consistence, sound associations with measures of health affections and life satisfac

关键词： 质量控制   企业   成本控制  

摘要： 药品是治病疗伤、维护健康的特殊商品,其质量更是与人的生命息息相关。因此,制药企业对药品质量的要求比一般企业更重视。但是质量控制与付出的质量成本和经济收益密切相关。对于制药企业来说,或本才是企业的竞争力,是企业得以生存和发展的基础。因此质量控制应建立成本意识,追求质量与成本平衡的最佳结果。

关键词： 有意识   反射   直接控制   感受器  

摘要： 1问题 王彬人类的一些活动如有意识握拳和踢腿等没有明显的感受器感受刺激，都是大脑直接支配的运动。那么，上述活动是反射吗？如果不是那是什么？反射活动一定需要感受器参与吗？

关键词： FC-B   I method   [F-18]ss-CFT-FE   DAT   monkey   brain  

摘要： The competitive inhibition of dopamine transporters (DAT) with cocaine, a specific DAT inhibitor, was evaluated with a feedback-controlled bolus plus infusion (FC-B/I) method using animal positron emission tomography (PET) in the living brain of conscious monkey. 2 beta-Carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl) nortropane ([18F]beta-CFT-FE;Harada et al. [2004] Synapse 54:3745) was used for this study because it provided specific, fast, and reversible kinetic properties to DAT in the striatum. In FC-B/I method, the real-time image reconstruction was started just after intravenous bolus injection of [18F]beta-CFT-FE to generate a time-activity curve in the striatum, and the infusion rate was adjusted to achieve an equilibrium state of the striatal radioactivity concentrations by means of a feedback-control algorithm. The first equilibrium state in the brain was reached within 20 min after the infusion start. Intravenous administration of cocaine at the doses of 0.02, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg shifted the equilibrium radioactivity level to the second equilibrium state in a dose-dependent manner, while no significant alterations was observed in the cerebellum. The present results demonstrated that the combined use of FC-B/I method and PET probe with fast kinetics like [18F]beta-CFT-FE could be useful to assess the occupancy of drugs in the living brain with PET. Synapse, 2013. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： EXCITATORY amino acid agents   NEURONS   RESEARCH   CHEMORECEPTORS   CARDIOPULMONARY system   RESPIRATION  

摘要： The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), located in the parafacial region, contains glutamatergic neurons that express the transcriptor factor Phox2b and that are suggested to be central respiratory chemoreceptors. Studies in anaesthetized animals or in vitro have suggested that RTN neurons are important in the control of breathing by influencing respiratory rate, inspiratory amplitude and active expiration. However, the contribution of these neurons to cardiorespiratory control in conscious rats is not clear. Male Holtzman rats (280-300 g, n = 6-8) with bilateral stainless-steel cannulae implanted into the RTN were used. In conscious rats, the microinjection of the ionotropic glutamatergic agonist NMDA (5 pmol in 50 nl) into the RTN increased respiratory frequency (by 42%), tidal volume (by 21%), ventilation (by 68%), peak expiratory flow (by 24%) and mean arterial pressure (MAP, increased by 16 +/- 4, versus saline, 3 +/- 2 mmHg). Bilateral inhibition of the RTN neurons with the GABA(A) agonist muscimol (100 pmol in 50 nl) reduced resting ventilation (52 +/- 34, versus saline, 250 +/- 56 ml min(-1) kg(-1) with absolute values) and attenuated the respiratory response to hypercapnia and hypoxia. Muscimol injected into the RTN slightly reduced resting MAP (decreased by 13 +/- 7, versus saline, increased by 3 +/- 2 mmHg), without changing the effects of hypercapnia or hypoxia on MAP and heart rate. The results suggest that RTN neurons activate facilitatory mechanisms important to the control of ventilation in resting, hypoxic or hypercapnic conditions in conscious rats.