关键词： Anxiety   oral surgery   phytotherapy  

摘要： Introduction: Anxiety is one of the components of patient stress in the dental office and is recognized as one of the main factors that negatively affect treatment. The control of anxiety can be performed through conscious sedation, for which benzodiazepine is the drug of choice in dental practice, however present side-effects. Objective: The objective of the following study is to evaluate the efficacy of Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerian) for control of anxiety during the third molar surgery. Materials and Methods: A single oral dose of either Valerian (100 mg) or placebo was randomly administered 1 h before each surgical procedure to 20 volunteers between 17 and 31 years of age. Anxiety level was assessed by physiological parameters (blood pressure and heart rate [HR]) and the observation of signs. Descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, Friedman test, Wilcoxon test and effect size test were performed (P < 0.05). Results: According to the researcher's (80%) and surgeon's (75%) evaluations, the patients treated with Valerian were calmer and more relaxed during surgery. Valerian had a greater effect on the maintenance of systolic blood pressure and HR after surgery. Conclusion: Valerian was more effective at controlling anxiety than a placebo when used for the conscious sedation of adult patients submitted to impacted lower third molar surgery.

关键词： Fixturing   Assembly   Circularity   Segmented annular assembly   Variation conscious   Build methodologies  

摘要： The fixturing of large segmented-ring assemblies is of importance to a number of key high value industries such as the aerospace and power generation sectors. This study examines methods of optimising the circularity of segmented-ring assemblies, and how the manufacturing variation within each element (i.e. segment wedge) contributes to overall assembly variability. This has lead to the definition of two original assembly methodologies that aim to optimise an assembly, so that circularity errors are minimised for a given set of components. The assembly methods considered during this study include a radial Translation Build (TB) and a Circumscribed Geometric (CG) approach, both of which are compared to a traditional Fixed Datum (FD) build method. The effects of angular, radial, parallelism/flatness and chord length variability within the component geometry, and their effect on the circularity of the final annular assembly are examined mathematically and experimentally. Furthermore, the inherent loss of assembly circularity due to differences between component and assembly sagitta is also considered, along with the stepping caused by dissimilar adjacent component radii as a result of manufacturing variation. Experimental results show that the CG build method offers a significant improvement in circularity in most situations over the benchmark FD build method. This contrasts the TB results that proved to be the least consistent in terms of circularity, but better in the control of angular breaking errors within the assembly. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).

关键词： 医院感染预防控制意识   母婴感染   护理人员  

摘要： 目的强化妇产科医务人员医院感染预防控制意识的具体措施,以降低母婴医院感染率。方法选取2011年5月-2013年6月妇产科28名护理人员为研究对象,采用多种形式对其进行医院感染预防控制的培训,各项监测的登记均要规范化,并定期进行考核评价,实行医院感染查房及工作例会等综合干预,采用观察及考核两种方法收集干预前(2011年5月-2012年5月)、干预后(2012年6月-2013年6月)的相关资料,用SPSS19.0软件进行统计分析。结果护理人员的医院感染相关知识的掌握:干预前优良、合格、不合格率分别为50.0%、28.6%、21.4%,干预后分别为85.7%、14.3%、0,干预前后比较差异有统计学意义(z=-2.978,P<0.05);医院感染预防控制意识:干预前较强、一般、差分别占39.3%、42.9%、17.8%,干预后分别占67.9%、32.1%、0,干预前后比较差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.725,P<0.05);母婴感染率干预后从1.97%降低至0.57%,干扰前后比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.215,P<0.05)。结论对护理人员实施综合干预措施,既可以增强护理人员的医院感染预防控制意识,又可以提高护理人员的医院感染知识的掌握水平,最终降低了母婴感染率。

关键词： 食品原料安全控制   安全意识   培养  

摘要： 《食品原料安全控制》是食品质量与安全专业的一门核心课程,除了向学生传授必要的理论知识,更重要的是培养学生的食品原料安全意识。结合教学实践,分别从教学环节、见习环节和实习环节等方面对如何培养学生的食品原料安全意识进行探索。

关键词： Rats   Consciousness   Respiratory Inspiration   respiration   Neurons  

摘要： New Findings What is the central question of this study? This study was designed to investigate whether the Phox2b-expressing neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus are important to breathing and chemoreflexes in conscious rats. What is the main finding and its importance? The high rate of destruction of a defined cell population (Phox2b(+)TH(-)) of the retrotrapezoid nucleus by the toxin suggests that the specialized connectivity of retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons, their glutamatergic nature and their relatively high sensitivity to CO2 are determinant factors in explaining their large contribution to the central and peripheral chemoreflexes. Chemoreception is the classic mechanism by which the brain regulates breathing in response to changes in tissue CO2/H+. A brainstem region called the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) contains a population of Phox2b-expressing glutamatergic neurons that appear to function as important chemoreceptors. In the present study, we ask whether the destruction of a type of pH-sensitive interneuron that expresses the transcription factor Phox2b and is non-catecholaminergic (Phox2b(+)TH(-)) could affect breathing in conscious adult rats. The injection of substanceP (1nmol in a volume of 50nl) into the RTN increased respiratory frequency, tidal volume, minute ventilation and mean arterial pressure. Bilateral injections of the toxin substanceP conjugated with saporin (SSP-SAP) into the RTN destroyed Phox2b(+)TH(-) neurons but spared facial motoneurons, catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurons and the ventral respiratory column caudal to the facial motor nucleus. Bilateral inhibition of RTN neurons with SSP-SAP (0.6ng in 30nl) reduced resting ventilation and the increase in ventilation produced by hypercapnia (7% CO2) in conscious rats with or without peripheral chemoreceptors. In anaesthetized rats with bilateral lesions of around 90% of the Phox2b(+)TH(-) neurons, acute activation of the Botzinger complex, the pre-Botzinger complex or the rost

关键词： 医学检验教学   检验质量   控制意识  

摘要： 医学的检验质量高才能保证疾病诊治的准确性，为患者提供良好的治疗及预防措施，所以要严格控制医学检验中的检验质量。在医学检验的教学中，要对初级人才进行相关能力培养，使质量控制的意识得到加强，提高检验教学的教学质量，使学生能够对以后的工作环境有较好的适应。

关键词： 抽动障碍   同胞兄弟   利培酮   治疗   MRI平扫   意识控制   精神检查   辅助检查  

摘要： 1 一般资料 1．1病例1患儿，男，9岁10月，两年前出现不自主点头，常伴眨眼、用手敲击鼻根部。偶尔吸鼻、喉中发出“哼、啊”声，发作无节律性，每天发作数次。当集中注意力及有意识控制时症状减轻，劳累后加重，睡眠时消失。近半年来病情加重。遂人院。人院查体未见明显异常。精神检查：意识清。接触合作．问答切题，注意力欠集中，智能与其受教育程度相符，可见不自主点头、眨眼。辅助检查：基本正常脑电图。头颅MRI平扫：胼胝体偏短．考虑发育欠佳。

关键词： 遥控直升机   大脑控制   状态   镇静   操作指令   电视节目   操纵杆   脑电波  

摘要： 目前，美国一家公司最新研制一款遥控直升机，它并非由操纵杆进行控制，而是通过大脑思维。 美国“迷箱轨道（Puzzlebox Orbit）”公司使用一个耳机状装置监控脑电波，并保持某种符合要求的状态向直升机发送操作指令，例如使用者处于放松状态下。在过去两年里该公司制造了适用于教室和电视节目的大脑控制直升机，目前在Kickstarter网站以190英镑的价格进行销售。

关键词： 视觉线索   时间线索   预期姿势调节   补偿姿势调节   外部姿势干扰  

摘要： 为研究视觉和时间知觉线索对突发外部姿势干扰下中枢神经系统对动作肌肉和姿势肌肉预期姿势调节(APAs)和补偿姿势调节(CPAs)的影响,本研究被试分别在视觉和时间线索引导下完成经典落球试验,同步采集右侧动作肌肉肱二头肌和姿势肌肉腰部竖脊肌和腰部多裂肌的sEMG信号,计算被检肌肉APAs发生率、预激活时间和CPAs反应强度。结果发现,视觉线索可以引发动作肌肉和姿势肌肉APAs发生率明显增加,预激活时间明显提前,以及动作肌肉CPAs反应强度明显减小;而时间线索主要引发动作肌肉预激活提前,对姿势肌肉APAs和CPAs无明显影响。该结果表明,视觉和时间引导线索对突发外部姿势干扰条件下人体姿势肌肉和动作肌肉的中枢运动控制具有不同的作用。视觉引导线索能够明显增加姿势肌肉和动作肌肉预激活发生率和提早预激活时间,表现出明显的"视觉线索预激活优势现象";而时间引导线索主要引发动作肌肉预激活提前,对姿势肌肉APAs和CPAs无明显影响。

关键词： 消毒供应中心   工作人员   感染意识   感染效果  

摘要： 目的针对消毒供应中心工作人员存在的职业危险,采取有效措施加强工作人员的感染意识,探讨感染控制效果。方法2010年7月—2011年7月对该院消毒供应中心38例工作人员进行调查,采取填写问卷的方式对1年内消毒供应中心工作人员感染意识的优良程度、感染例数进行调查,采取有效措施进行管理,并采取相同问卷对2011年10月—2012年10月38例消毒供应中心工作人员进行调查,对比前后感染意识及感染率发生变化。结果消毒中心人员感染意识相较采取措施之前明显增强,人员感染发生率亦有明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采取有效管理宣传措施,有助于提高消毒供应中心工作人员的感染意识,降低感染发生率,值得推广。