关键词： 医院感染   预防控制意识   母婴感染  

摘要： 目的本研究拟对妇产科医务人员进行感染方面知识的全面培训,通过比较培训前后对医院母婴感染率的影响,探讨医务人员的医院感染预防控制意识在降低母婴感染方面的作用。方法 30名护理人员对其进行多种形式的医院感染预防控制相关培训,规范化各项监测登记,且进行定期考核评价。科内实行感染查房和工作例会的综合干预,通过观察和考核两种方法收集干预前、干预后的相关资料。结果干预前优秀、合格、不合格率分别为43.3%、30.0%、26.7%,干预后分别为83.3%、16.7%、0,比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);医护人员的医院感染预防控制意识情况:干预前较强、一般、较差分别占40.0%、40.0%、20.0%,干预后分别占66.7%、33.3%、0,干预前后比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);母婴感染率从1.86%降至0.52%,干预前后比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论妇产科内对护理人员进行的综合干预措施,一方面能够增强护理人员对医院感染相关知识的掌握程度、提高预防控制意识,另一方面又可以提供更优质的护理工作,降低母婴感染率,值得临床推广应用。

关键词： 神经失调   植物性神经系统   自主神经系统   症状表现   血管平滑肌   意识控制   神经分布   器官  

摘要： 症状千奇百怪 自主神经系统，又称植物性神经系统，几乎掌管着全身的器官，能调节内脏和血管平滑肌、心肌和腺体活动。“自主”是不受意识控制的意思，由于受影响的器官不同，一旦失去平衡，就会造成各部位出现不同症状，如倦怠、口干、眩晕等。因为几乎全身都有自主神经分布，故症状表现多样。

关键词： 实验探究   控制变量   思想意识  

摘要： 本文简要介绍了控制变量法及在实验探究中的运用,并通过设计实验探究实例及实施过程,提出了逐步培养学生控制变量的思想意识。

关键词： c-Fos protein   Epinephrine   Glutamate   Intermediolateral cell column   Vestibulo-spino-adrenal axis   Vestibulosympathetic reflex  

摘要： Significant evidence supports the role of the vestibular system in the regulation of blood pressure during postural movements. In the present study, the role of the vestibulo-spino-adrenal (VSA) axis in the modulation of blood pressure via the vestibulosympathetic reflex was clarified by immunohistochemical and enzyme immunoassay methods in conscious rats with sinoaortic denervation. Expression of c-Fos protein in the intermediolateral cell column of the middle thoracic spinal regions and blood epinephrine levels were investigated, following microinjection of glutamate receptor agonists or antagonists into the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and/or sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced hypotension. Both microinjection of glutamate receptor agonists (NMDA and AMPA) into the MVN or rostral ventrolateral medullary nucleus (RVLM) and SNP-induced hypotension led to increased number of c-Fos positive neurons in the intermediolateral cell column of the middle thoracic spinal regions and increased blood epinephrine levels. Pretreatment with microinjection of glutamate receptor antagonists (MK-801 and CNQX) into the MVN or RVLM prevented the increased number of c-Fos positive neurons resulting from SNP-induced hypotension, and reversed the increased blood epinephrine levels. These results indicate that the VSA axis may be a key component of the pathway used by the vestibulosympathetic reflex to maintain blood pressure during postural movements.

关键词： Flavonoid   Flavanol   Cocoa   Arterial spin labelling   Cerebral blood flow   Cognition   Regional perfusion   Imaging   fMRI  

摘要： There has recently been increasing interest in the potential of flavanols, plant-derived compounds found in foods such as fruit and vegetables, to ameliorate age-related cognitive decline. Research suggests that cocoa flavanols improve memory and learning, possibly as a result of their anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. These effects may be mediated by increased cerebral blood flow (CBF), thus, stimulating neuronal function. The present study employed arterial spin labelling functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the effect of a single acute dose of cocoa flavanols on regional CBF. CBF was measured pre- and post-consumption of low (23 mg) or high (494 mg) 330 ml equicaloric flavanol drinks matched for caffeine, theobromine, taste and appearance according to a randomized counterbalanced crossover double-blind design in eight males and ten females, aged 50-65 years. Changes in perfusion from pre- to post-consumption were calculated as a function of each drink. Significant increases in regional perfusion across the brain were observed following consumption of the high flavanol drink relative to the low flavanol drink, particularly in the anterior cingulate cortex and the central opercular cortex of the parietal lobe. Consumption of cocoa flavanol improves regional cerebral perfusion in older adults. This provides evidence for a possible acute mechanism by which cocoa flavanols are associated with benefits for cognitive performance.

关键词： conscious sedation   dexmedetomidine   endoscopy   propofol  

摘要： What is known and objectiveEsophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a common diagnostic procedure which requires sedation for most patients. We undertook a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study to compare the effect of propofol vs. dexmedetomidine on the sedation of outpatients during EGD. MethodsPrior to the procedure, outpatients received either propofol at 06mg/kg, with additional doses of 10-20mg until the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (OAA/S) score reached 2-4, or dexmedetomidine at a loading dose of 1g/kg over a 10-min period followed by a 05g/kg/h infusion until the OAA/S score reached 2-4. Vital signs, sedation level, adverse events, patients' and endoscopist's satisfaction score, and an evaluation of the recovery time were assessed. Results and discussionNegligible haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) and respiratory rate variations were observed in both groups, although respiratory depression occurred in two cases (59%) in the propofol group. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the propofol group decreased during the procedure compared with baseline (P<005) and was also lower in comparison with the dexmedetomidine group (P<005). Heart rate (HR) decreased after the loading dose in the dexmedetomidine group (P<005). More patients in the propofol group underwent deeper sedation at the beginning of the procedure (P<005), although the recovery time was comparable between the two groups (P>005). Three cases (91%) in the dexmedetomidine group were delayed because of dizziness, bradycardia and nausea. There was a higher satisfaction score among patients in the propofol group (P<005), although the endoscopist's satisfaction score was comparable between the two groups (P>005). What is new and conclusionPropofol and dexmedetomidine provide a relatively satisfactory level of sedation without clinically notable adverse effects during EGD. In addition, patients preferred propofol administration for the deeper sedation and rapid recovery, and dexmede

关键词： 优化管理模式   医护人员   感染控制意识  

摘要： 目的观察优化管理模式对医护人员提高感染控制意识的影响效果。方法选取2013年1月至2014年1月间我院的工作人员142名,随机分为观察组(n=71,行优化管理模式)和对照组(n=71,行常规管理模式),比较两组医护人员感染控制意识提高的效果及患者对工作人员满意情况。结果观察组和对照组感染控制意识的掌握率分别为47.9%和32.4%,且患者对观察组满意度评分显著高于对照组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P

关键词： 人性化管理   感染意识   感染控制  

摘要： 目的分析对医院工作人员应用人性化管理模式对感染意识及其感染控制效果产生的影响。方法选取该院2013年5月—2015年4月于医院工作的工作人员60名,随机进行分组,参照组(n=30)给予常规管理模式,实验组(n=30)给予人性化管理模式,观察两组工作人员于管理前与管理后(3个月、6个月)感染意识及与之相关知识的掌握程度、感染控制效果。结果对比两组医院工作人员于管理前与管理后(3个月、6个月)感染意识及与之相关知识的掌握程度、感染控制效果:实验组明显优于参照组,组间差异有统计学有意义(P<0.05)。结论人性化管理模式的应用有利于医院的工作人员感染意识的改善,医院对感染的控制效果作用明显。

关键词： Anteroventral third ventricular   region (AV3V)   Antidiuretic hormone   Gamma aminobutyric acid   Hyperosmolality   Hypovolemia   Neurosteroid  

摘要： Anteroventral third ventricular region (AV3V) that regulates autonomic functions through a GABAergic mechanism possesses neuroactive steroid (NS)-synthesizing ability. Although NS can exert effects by acting on a certain type of GABA(A)-receptor (R), it is not clear whether NS may operate to modulate AV3V GABAergic activity for controlling autonomic functions. This study aimed to investigate the issue. AV3V infusion with a GABA(A) antagonist bicuculline increased plasma vasopressin (AVP), glucose, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate in rats. These events were abolished by preinjecting its agonist muscimol, whereas the infusion with allopregnanolone, a NS capable of potentiating GABA(A)-R function, affected none of the variables in the absence or presence of such bicuculline actions. Similarly, AV3V infusion with pregnanolone sulfate, a NS capable of antagonizing GABA(A)-R, produced no effect on those variables. AV3V infusion with muscimol was effective in inhibiting the responses of plasma AVP or glucose, or BP to an osmotic loading or bleeding. However, AV3V infusion with aminoglutethimide, a NS synthesis inhibitor, did not affect any of the variables in the absence or presence of those stimuli. These results suggest that NS may not cause acute effects on the AV3V GABAergic mechanism involved in regulating AVP release and other autonomic function. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： 抗战时期   初中国文   教科书   意识形态控制  

摘要： 教科书是青少年学生的重要读物,在潜移默化间塑造着青少年学生的灵魂。不论是国家权力机制还是精英知识阶层,都力图通过教科书塑造自己理想中的未来民众。抗战时期,日伪政权、蒋介石国民政府、中国共产党领导的抗日根据地,都格外重视中小学教科书的编辑出版工作,力图通过教科书对青少年学生进行思想渗透。在初中国文教科书选文的编排上,日伪政府推行妥协投降主义,回避抗战主题;蒋介石国民政府让教科书领域成为其独裁统治的一部分,趁机加强了思想专制;中国共产党领导的抗日根据地教科书则以宣传抗日为主,并加入生产劳动知识,体现了注重实用,兼顾文艺的原则。