关键词： 晚清政府   意识形态   控制   失败   原因  

摘要： 晚清时期政府采用的以儒法思想为核心的意识形态文化,与西方文化相比具有相对的劣势。清政府的无能则使支撑该政权的意识形态失去了效力。知识分子群体的分裂和先进知识分子离去,使清政府失去了意识形态的主体支撑。清政府的意识形态控制以失败而告终。

关键词： 电子商务   茶叶运输   质量控制   法律意识   思路研究  

摘要： 随着"互联网+"逐渐融入社会生活,如今各行各业在发展过程中,都实现了与互联网之间的高度融合,茶叶也不例外,从茶叶的销售到售后服务、渠道建设等等,如今越来越多的茶叶开发者通过互联网来实现自身发展。当然电子商务解决的只是选购的问题,还要考虑如何将产品送给顾客,而只有送给客户,客户签收并确认,才算完成整个销售、购物过程。本文拟从当前电子商务中茶叶运输质量控制状况及存在问题入手,结合质量管控工作的价值意义分析,从而探讨完善电子商务中茶叶运输质量控制法律意识的具体思路。

关键词： Reward   Event-related potential   Conscious   Unconscious   Inhibitory control  

摘要： Consciously initiated cognitive control is generally determined by motivational incentives (e.g., monetary reward). Recent studies have revealed that human cognitive control processes can nevertheless operate without awareness. However, whether monetary reward can impinge on unconscious cognitive control remains unclear. To clarify this issue, a task consisting of several runs was designed to combine a modified version of the reward priming paradigm with an unconscious version of the Go/No-Go task. At the beginning of each run, participants were exposed to a high- or low-value coin, followed by the modified Go/No-Go task. Participants could earn the coin only if they responded correctly to each trial of the run. Event-related potential (ERP) results indicated that high-value rewards (vs. low-value rewards) induced a greater centro-parietal P3 component associated with conscious and unconscious inhibitory control. Moreover, the P3 amplitude correlated positively with the magnitude of reaction time slowing reflecting the intensity of activation of unconscious inhibitory control in the brain. These findings suggest that high-value reward may facilitate human higher-order inhibitory processes that are independent of conscious awareness, which provides insights into the brain processes that underpin motivational modulation of cognitive control. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： TCP Rate Control   Network bottleneck   TCP-Friendly   Quality of Service  

摘要： In this paper, an end-to-end TCP throughput control mechanism called DARCA has been presented. DARCA controls TCP throughput through introducing extra packet drop rate or round trip time. The extra packet drop rate and round trip time are calculated from Throughput Control Mode. It provides single point control of end-to-end TCP throughput even if some of the bottlenecks are remote. DARCA identifies remotely bottlenecked TCP connections and provide polices of excess bandwidth redistribution. Further, per class control mechanism is used to reduce the overhead of rate enforcement. Simulation results show that DARCA gives good policy-based throughput control performance for both homogeneous and heterogeneous TCP connections.

关键词： 海斯特·白兰   回归   意识形态软控制   质询功能   虚假意识   认同机制  

摘要： 霍桑的《红字》自出版之日起就受到批评家的追捧,经久不衰,成为美国文学史上一道亮眼而独特的风景。纵观众多评论,除讨论罪与罚、红字A的象征含义、小说艺术特色以外,结尾处海斯特·白兰的回归亦是引起众多批评家思考的核心问题之一。从意识形态控制的角度分析白兰的回归可知,小说通过A字质询功能、建构绝对权威和操纵认同机制三个方面,逐步扼杀白兰对于"个人异化"的觉醒意识,使其成为传统清教思想控制之下的单维人,从而抹杀白兰争取个人独立和人性解放的可能性。

关键词： anaesthetics   intravenous   conscious sedation   craniotomy   dexmedetomidine   propofol   remifentanil  

摘要： Background: Awake craniotomy (AC) is performed for the resection of brain tumours in close proximity to areas of eloquent brain function to maximize reduction of tumour mass and minimize neurological injury. This study compares the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine vs propofol-remifentanil-based conscious sedation, during AC for supratentorial tumour resection. Methods: Prospective, randomized, controlled trial including 50 adult patients undergoing AC who were randomly assigned to a dexmedetomidine (DEX group, n= 25) or propofol-remifentanil group (P-R group, n= 25). The primary outcome was the ability to perform intraoperative brain mapping assessed on a numeric rating scale (NRS). Secondary outcome was the efficacy of sedation measured by the modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (OAA/S) scale. Other outcome measures including haemodynamic and respiratory variables, pain, sedation and anxiety scores, adverse events, and patient satisfaction were also compared. Results: There were no differences between DEX and P-R groups regarding the ability to perform intraoperative brain mapping [mean NRS score (95% CI): 10.0 (9.9-10.0) vs 9.7 (9.5-10.0), P= 0.13] and level of sedation during mapping [mean OAA/S score (95% CI): 4.1 (3.5-4.7) vs 4.3 (3.9-4.7), P= 0.51], respectively. Respiratory adverse events were more frequent in the P-R group (20 vs 0%, P= 0.021). Heart rate was significantly lower in the DEX group across time (P< 0.001);however, the need for treatment of bradycardia was not different between groups. Conclusions: Quality of intraoperative brain mapping and efficacy of sedation with dexmedetomidine were similar to propofol-remifentanil during AC for supratentorial tumour resection. Dexmedetomidine was associated with fewer respiratory adverse events.

关键词： reinvestment   motor control   physical therapy   rehabilitation   patient-reported outcome measure   stroke   CVA  

摘要： Purpose: Stroke survivors are inclined to consciously control their movements, a phenomenon termed "reinvestment". Preliminary evidence suggests reinvestment to impair patients' motor recovery. To investigate this hypothesis, an instrument is needed that can reliably assess reinvestment post-stroke. Therefore, this study aimed to validate the Movement-Specific Reinvestment Scale (MSRS) within inpatient stroke patients. Method: One-hundred inpatient stroke patients (<1 year post-stroke) and 100 healthy peers completed the MSRS, which was translated to Dutch for the study purpose. To assess structural validity, confirmatory factor analysis determined whether the scale measures two latent constructs, as previously reported in healthy adults. Construct validity was determined by testing whether patients had higher reinvestment than controls. Reliability analyses entailed assessment of retest reliability (ICC), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), and minimal detectable change. Results: Both structural and construct validity of the MSRS were supported. Retest reliability and internal consistency indices were acceptable to good. The minimal detectable change was adequate on group level, but considerable on individual level. Conclusions: The MSRS is a valid and reliable tool and suitable to assess the relationship between reinvestment and motor recovery in the first months post-stroke. Eventually, this may help therapists to individualize motor learning interventions based on patients' reinvestment preferences. Implications for rehabilitation This study showed that the Movement-Specific Reinvestment Scale (MSRS) is a valid and reliable tool to objectify stroke patients' inclination for conscious motor control. The MSRS may be used to identify stroke patients who are strongly inclined to consciously control their movements, as this disposition may hinder their motor recovery. Eventually, the MSRS may enable clinicians to tailor motor learning interventions to stroke pat

关键词： 高校意识形态   控制  

摘要： 本文立足与高校实际,以如何有效加强高校的意识形态控制为主线,在对意识形态控制现状全面透视的基础上,分析了新时期高校意识形态领域存在的主要问题,并进一步探寻新时期加强高校意识形态控制的方法及途径。