关键词： Dexmedetomidine   inguinal hernia repair   conscious sedation   recovery  

摘要： Objective The ideal agents for conscious sedation during ambulatory inguinal hernia repair are still unclear. We aimed to compare the analgesic, sedative, haemodynamic, and side effects of dexmedetomidine with those of propofol in combination with fentanyl for conscious sedation in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair. Methods Eighty patients undergoing unilateral inguinal hernia repair were prospectively randomized to receive either dexmedetomidine (n=40) or propofol (n=40). Dexmedetomidine and propofol dosages were adjusted to maintain the targeted level of sedation. Results After administration of sedative drugs, patients who received dexmedetomidine had a significantly lower heart rate. The intraoperative requirement of fentanyl was significantly lower in patients who received dexmedetomidine compared with patients who received propofol. Administration of dexmedetomidine was associated with a reduced postoperative pain score, longer time for onset of sedation, and a slightly longer recovery time. No serious adverse events occurred in either group. The patients' overall satisfaction score was comparable between the two groups. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine is an effective adjuvant when co-administered with fentanyl for conscious sedation in patients who undergo inguinal hernia repair. Administration of dexmedetomidine decreases the requirement of fentanyl and the pain score, but slightly prolongs the time to sedation and recovery.

关键词： Nanomaterials   polymer carriers   telemetry   echocardiography   cardiotoxicity  

摘要： Conjugation of Doxorubicin (DOX) to N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methylacrylamide copolymer (HPMA) has significantly reduced the DOX-associated cardiotoxicity. However, the reports on the impact of HPMA-DOX conjugates on the cardiovascular system such as blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were in restrained animals using tail cuff and/or other methods that lacked the resolution and sensitivity. Herein, we employed radiotelemetric-spectral-echocardiography approach to further understand the in vivo cardiovascular hemodynamics and variability post administration of free DOX and HPMA-DOX. Rats implanted with radio-telemetry device were administered intravenously with DOX (5mg/kg), HPMA-DOX (5mg DOX equivalent/kg) and HPMA copolymer and subjected to continuous cardiovascular monitoring and echocardiography for 140 days. We found that DOX-treated rats had ruffled fur, reduced body weight (BW) and a low survival rate. Although BP and HR were normal, spectral analysis indicated that their BP and HR variabilities were reduced. All rats exhibited typical signs of cardiotoxicity at histopathology. In contrast, HPMA-DOX rats gained weight over time and survived. Although BP, HR and related variabilities were unaffected, the left ventricular end diastolic volume (EDV) of these rats, as well as of the HPMA copolymer-treated rats, was found increased at the end of observation period. Additionally, HPMA copolymer caused microscopic injury of the heart tissue. All of these suggest the necessity of caution when employing HPMA as carrier for prolonged drug delivery. The current study also indicates the potential of radiotelemetric-spectral-echocardiography approach for improved preclinical cardiovascular risk assessment of polymer-drug conjugate and other nano-sized-drug constructs.

关键词： 自身习惯   成本控制   烹饪教学  

摘要： 作为一名厨师，提高自身习惯养成意识和成本控制意识在当今社会所有餐饮行业经营管理中起着举足轻重的作用。为保障21世纪每个厨师都具备这些基本意识，文章提出职业院校注重学生自身习惯养成意识和成本意识培养的意义，通过具体实例分析，探讨如何培养学生自身习惯养成意识和成本控制意识。

关键词： 自我意识情绪   心理控制源   青少年  

摘要： 青少年时期是自我意识发展最迅速的时期,作为一种由"自我"参与的高级情绪,自我意识情绪对激发和调节青少年的思想、情感和行为有着重要作用。心理控制源属于认知系统这个重要的青春期发展任务,对青少年而言,其内控性能显著正向预测良好社会适应行为,外控性则显著的正向预测不良社会适应行为。自我意识情绪在自我归因和自我评价的基础上产生,归因理论是心理控制源的理论基础,同时有研究证明心理控制源也是核心自我评价的特质之一。为了进一步研究自我意识情绪和心理控制源之间的相互作用,本研究通过对519名青少年施测自我意识情绪问卷—青少年版(TOSCA-A)和儿童控制知觉多维度测查表(MMCPC),来研究自我意识情绪和心理控制源的关系。研究结果显示:(1)自我意识情绪问卷—青少年版(TOSCA-A)具有良好的信效度,可做进一步研究。(2)羞愧与心理控制源存在显著正相关。(3)内疚与有势力的他人呈负相关,与内部控制呈正相关。(4)α自豪和β自豪与内部控制呈正相关,α自豪与有势力的他人也呈正相关。(5)外化和疏离均与未知方控制、有势力的他人控制正相关显著。因此得出以下结论:(1)自我意识情绪问卷—青少年版(TOSCA-A)信效度良好,可以有效评鉴青少年的自我意识情绪。(2)自我意识情绪和心理控制源之间存在相关。

关键词： 医学检验   检验质量   意识培养   临床教育  

摘要： 通过学生进行临床实习的情况,分析医学检验教学中学生检验质量控制意识的培养.医学检验质量的有效控制,能够有效的提高患者疾病诊断的准确性,提高治疗效果,能够更加及时和准确地预防疾病,是得到可靠结果的必要手段.医学检验质量控制贯穿临床诊疗的全过程,从医学检验教学中,加强对学生检验质量控制的意识培养,培养医学检验专门人才.

关键词： 大班儿童   自我意识   子女教育心理控制源  

摘要： 儿童的自我意识是儿童对自己以及自己与客观世界的关系的认知。儿童的自我意识水平受到多种因素的影响。其中,家长作为儿童成长发展中的重要他人,对儿童的自我意识水平无疑有着重要的影响作用。家长的子女教育心理控制源是从心理控制源角度出发,评定了父母对教育子女成功与失败的看法。本研究采用文献法、访谈法和问卷法等研究方法,对大班儿童的自我意识及其家长的子女教育心理控制源水平进行测查,并根据收集到的数据对两者的关系进行分析,以期从家庭角度为提高大班儿童的自我意识水平提供更多的指导建议。本研究对上海市示范园、一级园和二级园共109名大班儿童进行了一对一的结构化访谈,儿童的家长填写了《家长子女教育心理控制源问卷》和家庭背景相关信息。研究结果显示:(1)大班儿童自我意识水平在行为维度最高,在躯体外貌与属性维度最低。除躯体外貌与属性外,女孩的自我意识水平高于男孩,并在行为维度达到显著性水平。示范园儿童在智力与学校情况维度的自我意识水平显著低于一级园与二级园儿童。(2)在人口学变量中,不同排行的儿童焦虑维度的自我意识水平存在显著差异。大孩得分高于独生子女和二孩,即大孩更不容易感到焦虑。其余人口学变量对儿童自我意识不存在显著影响。(3)家长子女教育心理控制源在父母对子女行为控制维度最为外控,在教育成效维度最为内控。儿童性别影响父母对子女行为控制,男孩家长在该维度外控性显著高于女孩家长。示范园儿童的家长整体控制源水平最为外控。(4)在人口学变量中,家长的性别、年龄、学历、职业、家庭结构以及儿童的主要照料者均对家长的子女教育心理控制源产生一定影响。(5)大班儿童自我意识与家长子女教育心理控制源整体上呈现显著负相关关系,家长的外控性越高,儿童的自我意识水平越低;家长的内控性越高,儿童的自我意识水平越高。根据上述的研究结果,本研究从家长的角度出发,对提高儿童自我意识水平提出了相关的教养建议。

关键词： 马克思   意识形态理论   意识形态功能   意识形态转型   解放  

摘要： 马克思意识形态理论一直以来是马克思思想成果中重要的组成部分。本篇论文从“思想的控制与解放”的角度去阐述对于马克思意识形态理论的理解,其实更多是在意识形态的功能性与作用方式方面去阐述马克思意识形态理论。这是一种为了丰富和简明化对于马克思意识形态理论的理解,同时以这种生成性的角度来理解马克思意识形态理论,其能给我国现阶段意识形态建设提供合理理论解释的效果也更加的显著。本文共分为三章:第一章,追溯意识形态的历史渊源,并简要阐述了马克思意识形态理论在其各个时期重要作品成果中的使用及逻辑进程。在意识形态历史渊源部分,着重介绍了对马克思产生重要影响的黑格尔和费尔巴哈的意识形态观。第二章,对于马克思意识形态理论的阐述,一直以来都存在着属性问题的争论,解释意识形态在社会当中的作用方式,提出本文从控制与解放的角度去理解马克思意识形态理论的具体原则。第三章,介绍解放之于马克思意识形态理论的含义,并且探讨马克思意识形态理论给我国社会主义文化建设所提供的指导意义。

关键词： Minimally conscious state   tDCS   brain injury   disorders of consciousness   brain stimulation  

摘要： Objectives: To assess the effects of repeated transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) sessions on the level of consciousness in chronic patients in minimally conscious state (MCS). Methods: In this randomized double-blind sham-controlled crossover study, we enrolled 16 patients in chronic MCS. For 5 consecutive days, each patient received active or sham tDCS over the left prefrontal cortex (2 mA during 20 min). Consciousness was assessed with the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) before the first stimulation (baseline), after each stimulation (day 1-day 5) and 1 week after the end of each session (day 12). Results: A treatment effect (p = 0.013;effect size = 0.43) was observed at the end of the active tDCS session (day 5) as well as 1 week after the end of the active tDCS session (day 12;p = 0.002;effect size = 0.57). A longitudinal increase of the CRS-R total scores was identified for the active tDCS session (p < 0.001), while no change was found for the sham session (p = 0.64). Nine patients were identified as responders (56%). Conclusion: Our results suggest that repeated (5 days) left prefrontal tDCS improves the recovery of consciousness in some chronic patients in MCS, up to 1 week after the end of the stimulations.

关键词： James   控制   专辑   音乐  

摘要： 看看最近的采访或者仔细听一遍专辑，你就会发现《The Colour In Anything》里的James Blake完美主义强迫症已经好了不少。专辑中他汲取了很多音乐人的精髓．并且不再像过去那样对音乐坚持从头到尾的掌控。James Blake自己也说，这是一张走向成熟的专辑。

关键词： 控制分析理论   元语言意识   语言意识  

摘要： 基于Bialystok和Ryan的控制分析理论框架提出的背景及其工作机制,梳理了该框架在国内外单语、双语及多语学习者元语言意识发展过程中的应用,展示了该框架在语言习得研究、特别是元语言意识研究方面的重要意义。